Anna Church (Düren)

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Anna Church
Interior of the Anna Church
South portal of the previous Gothic building
Saint Anne relief from the late Gothic pilgrimage church

The Annakirche is a Roman Catholic parish and pilgrimage church in Düren , North Rhine-Westphalia . It was built between 1954 and 1956 according to plans by Rudolf Schwarz from the rubble stones of the previous church, which was destroyed on November 16, 1944, and houses the head of St. Anna , to whom she is also consecrated. It is the parish church of the parish of St. Lukas, which was established on January 1, 2010.

Building history

Previous buildings

Today's Anna Church had a total of four predecessor churches, all of which were in the same place. The history of the building could be precisely documented by means of archaeological excavations after the destruction of the Gothic Church of St. Anne in the 1950s. Wilhelm Lehmbruck directed the excavations.

First church

Already around the year 700 there was a first church building in Düren, which stood in the same place as today's church. It was a small single-nave building, which may have belonged to a Merovingian estate . This chapel is first mentioned in a document about a divine judgment in 748. It was probably already dedicated to St. Consecrated to Martin of Tours . The Christianization of the Düren country roughly coincides with the construction of this first chapel. In 748 Charlemagne stayed at Hofgut Düren over Christmas and thus also visited the chapel. The building was destroyed shortly after Karl's stay.

Second church

Until the 760s, a significantly larger, three-aisled church building with a semicircular apse was built on the same site . It served as the court church again, like its predecessor. In 774 Düren was called the royal palace for the first time and in 843 the last time. It is believed that the church was destroyed when the Normans attacked in 881 and 882, but there is no definite evidence of this.

Romanesque church

In 888 King Arnolf confirmed the donation of the second tithe to the Marienstift in Aachen . This donation was 930 again by King Henry I, and 966 by Emperor Otto I confirmed. As early as 941 Otto I donated the Düren Martinskirche to the Aachen Marienstift. It was no longer a royal church and court church, but a parish church. The construction of a new church also falls during this period. It is now the third church building in the same place. It was a three-aisled and four- bay pillar basilica in Romanesque forms with a choir bay, a semicircular apse in the east and a tower built in front in the west. The two side aisles also ended with an apse. This building is also listed as a parish church in the Liber valoris from around 1308. The cathedral monastery still owned part of the tithe until its dissolution in 1802. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Romanesque parish church was demolished.

Gothic church

At the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century, the Romanesque building was replaced by an early Gothic new building, only the Romanesque tower was retained. The Gothic choir was completed around 1300. In 1330 construction had progressed so far that construction of the roof began. This year the Aachen Marienstift paid a large amount for the construction of the roof. During the construction the plans were apparently changed so that the central nave was built higher than previously planned. As a result, the original windows in the upper storey were ultimately left as blind arcades and the actual windows were placed above them. The church was completed around 1331. Today only the south portal remains of this building. This building was a three-aisled and three-bay basilica in the Gothic style , which was vaulted inside by ribbed vaults and the Romanesque tower was built in front in the west.

Annakirche around 1634 (model)

In 1501 the stonemason Leonhard from Kornelimünster brought the Annahaupt from Mainz to Düren. It came first in the Franciscan monastery church, today's St. Mary's Church . After the dispute between Mainz and Düren over the possession of the relic for Düren had been resolved by a bull from Pope Julius II , the important relic was now brought to the Martinskirche.

In the year 1510 there are already 20,000 pilgrims attending the worship of the Assumption Head - an enormously high number at that time. Around this year work on the extension of the Gothic church began. For this, the tower from the 10th century was first put down. Subsequently, under the pastor Hildebrand von Weworden, a four-bay and three-aisled extension with a retracted, five-story bell tower was added to the existing nave, built in the late Gothic style. The so-called Marienkapelle was added to the south side of the first yoke of the extension. This had the purpose of keeping the Anna shrine, but was not completed until the 19th century. The central nave was vaulted with a star vault and the side aisles with net vaults . The original patronage of St. Martin gradually from St. Anna ousted. As early as 1523, there was mention of the Anna Church in a document. At that time the church had 14 altars.

In 1543 the church was badly damaged after the bombardment by Charles V's imperial troops . The reconstruction dragged on until 1568. In 1545 two bells were cast for the Anna Church. In 1550 Clais Wyndemaiker von Gangelt from Münster built the first glockenspiel into the church building and between 1555 and 1557 the first large organ was installed, which was preserved until 1944. In the 16th and 17th centuries, lightning struck the church tower several times and destroyed the spire. In 1638 the Annakirmes , which at that time still took place at the church as a market , was first mentioned. The structural condition of the Anna Church remained almost unchanged until the 19th century, only it received a baroque interior. In 1638, a room- high high altar , two side altars and a magnificent pulpit were erected. Before that, the organ, which was initially designed as a swallow's nest organ and hung in the nave, was moved to the west gallery. These acquisitions and redesigns resulted from the Jesuits , who came to Düren in 1628 after consultation with the Duke of Jülich and the Archbishop of Cologne and took over pastoral care at the Anna Church .

In the background the tower of the Anna Church around 1900

In 1879 the restoration of the Anna Church began. The Joseph Chapel was initially built between 1879 and 1881 on the north side as a counterpart to the Marienkapelle on the south side. Thus, in fact, a transept was created. The architect Franz Schmitz provided the plans . Between 1883 and 1884 the exterior was restored according to plans by the Cologne architect Heinrich Wiethase , the baroque spire was replaced by a new one and galleries were built around the roofs. With the new spire, the church tower had a height of around 100 m and was almost twice as high as the current one. The Marienkapelle was then completed between 1887 and 1890, also according to Wiethase's plans. As the last structural change, two sacristies were added to the choir from 1899 to 1902 . The plans for this were provided by the Cologne diocesan master builder Franz Statz .

destruction

In the Second World War during the air raid on Düren on November 16, 1944, the Gothic Church of St. Anne was completely destroyed. In this attack, pastor Johann Fröls and the rest of the parish clergy of St. Anna were also killed. The parish of St. Anna had not only lost its parish church, but also its pastor and was thus orphaned. Only the early Gothic south portal and a few parts of the north wall survived the attack. For years the ruins of the Anna Church remained unchanged, while the city was gradually cleared and slowly rebuilt. It was not until 1951 that the site of the destroyed church began to be cleared.

Emergency church

Due to the complete destruction of the city center of Düren and the Anna Church, reconstruction was out of the question immediately after the war. Since hardly anyone lived in the city center in the first post-war years, the Annaparre was also orphaned for a long time. Church life initially took place in the preserved churches of St. Joachim , St. Josef and St. Antonius . It was not until 1947 that the parish of St. Anna received a parish administrator with Salvatorian Father Maurus Stark. He immediately tried to set up an emergency church , because more and more people from Düren moved back to the city center. Since the first floor of the orphanage in Waisenhausstrasse was still partially preserved, an emergency church was set up here. The parish received the property with the ruins from the orphanage foundation through a land swap. With reused stones and materials from the rubble, the ruins were prepared for emergency church and from Aachen bishop on December 5, 1948 der Velden Johannes Joseph van benediziert . In addition, the Anna shrine with the acceptance head of St. Joseph was transferred to the emergency church and set up there. The emergency church remained in use until 1956. In 1949, pastor administrator Father Stark left Düren, because on October 18, 1949 the previous rector of Strempt , Heinrich Köttgen , was appointed pastor at St. Anna. After taking office, he began the difficult task of rebuilding, even if in 1950 the parish only had 1,200 parishioners again, as opposed to 13,000 before the war.

reconstruction

With his new pastor's position, Oberpfarrer Köttgen also undertook the difficult task of rebuilding the Anna Church. The first step in the reconstruction was the removal of the 30 m high rubble from the destroyed church, which had been there unchanged since November 1944 and was now covered with bushes. Unusable debris was taken to the Wibbelrusch in wagons, the usable stones were collected next to the ruins. Gradually, the Anna Church was cleared of rubble, so that only the remains of the wall remained. Remains of the equipment and the bodies of the clergy that lay under the ruins of the tower could still be recovered from under the rubble. After the debris had been removed, extensive excavations were carried out and the subsoil examined.

In the middle of 1951 the construction plans became more specific and it was decided to hold an architectural competition. In September 1951, three well-known Cologne architects were invited, namely Karl Band , Dominikus Böhm and Rudolf Schwarz . They were only given by the parish that the old quarry stones should be reused, around 650 seats should be provided, the preserved south portal should be integrated and the church should be laid out for normal parish services and for the pilgrimage to Mother Anna. The deadline for submitting the competition entries was January 15, 1952. Karl Band submitted one design and Dominikus Böhm and Rudolf Schwarz each submitted two designs.

The jury met on January 30, 1952 in the Leopold Hoesch Museum , chaired by the Aachen cathedral master builder Felix Kreusch . Other judges were Heinz Dohmen , Alfons Leitl , the Cologne cathedral builder Willy Weyres , Hans Schwippert , Oberstadtdirektor Hans Brückmann , cathedral vicar Erich Stephany and senior pastor Heinrich Köttgen. First place went to Rudolf Schwarz, second place to Karl Band, third place to Rudolf Schwarz, and fourth and fifth place to Dominikus Böhm. So Rudolf Schwarz was commissioned to rebuild the Anna Church.

Between 1954 and 1956, today's Annakirche, the fifth church building on this site, was built on the site of the destroyed church. Architect Rudolf Schwarz planned and built a modern church into which some parts and ruins of the old church were integrated. Architect Rudolf Steinbach was in charge of construction management . The tower cock from 1622 was fixed inside the church.

The foundation stone was laid on January 16, 1955, after a procession had moved from the emergency church in Waisenhausstraße at the orphanage to the building site. The foundation stone certificate says: “Anno Domini 1955 after the birth of Christ on January 16, this foundation stone was ceremoniously laid for the new building of St. Anna's Church and consecrated by the revered Spiritual Council ad honorem Josef Adolph, dean of the Düren deanery, pastor to St. Bonifatius. “The new Anna Church was built by a working group from Düren companies, consisting of Hubert Iven, Philipp Kutsch and Johann Steffens.

The new church was on July 7 in 1956 by the Aachen Bishop John Pohl Schneider consecrated .

For cost reasons, only the foundations of the bell tower were initially made, but the construction of the tower was postponed. Only sketches by Rudolf Schwarz existed for this. Since he died in 1961, but the tower had not yet been built, his wife, architect Maria Schwarz , created the exact plans for the construction of the tower, which began in 1963 and was completed in 1964. The tower is around 50 m high and thus significantly lower than its predecessor at around 100 m. This results from the fact that today's tower does not have a spire.

The Anna Church Düren Foundation was founded in the 21st century to maintain and further develop the church .

The historic portal of the previous church built into the new church is entered under No. 1/110 in the list of monuments of the city of Düren.

Furnishing

Weathercock from 1622

A total of 13 reliefs are attached to the outer north wall. They are themed “The relationship between man and Christ” and were created from red sandstone by Ewald Mataré and his students. A tree of life with round window openings made of alabaster was built into the east wall by the architect Rudolf Schwarz .

The most important and most important piece of equipment in the interior is the Anna shrine with a gold-plated silver bust and the head of the Assumption . The bust dates back to the 14th century. Both survived the destruction of the war through outsourcing. Next to the Anna shrine is a third Anna by the artist Marga Grove from the 1950s. The cross at the shrine and the Easter candlestick are works by Hein Wimmer . In the so-called pilgrim hall there are still three groups of figures, which used to be part of an altar in the previous church and could be recovered from the rubble. The people's altar was cut from Odenwald sandstone in the 1950s according to a design by the architect Schwarz . The altar cross is directly behind it. This is also a work by Ewald Mataré, as are the door handles on the entrance portals. The largest preserved piece of equipment from the previous building is the Renaissance choir stalls. It was created between 1562 and 1563 and also survived the war by being outsourced. It used to be in the two side aisles and is now in the weekday church. The neo-Gothic font from the previous building is also located in the vestibule of the Gothic south portal . The old weathercock from 1622 is also on display in the vestibule.

The stained glass windows in the upper storey are works by Alsdorf glass painter Ludwig Schaffrath from 1987 and 1988. They are free compositions and consist of antique and opal glass as well as lead.

organ

The new organ was inaugurated on March 21, 2010 . It is said to have cost 900,000 euros. The organ was built by the Swiss company Metzler Orgelbau ( Dietikon ). It has 45 registers (including one extension) and three transmissions. The actions are purely mechanical.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Reed flute 8th'
3. Octave 4 ′
4th Wooden flute 4 ′
5. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Duplicate 2 ′
7th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
8th. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Sharp IV 1'
10. Krummhorn 8th'
11. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
12. Principal 16 ′
13. Octave 8th'
14th Viola d'amore 8th'
15th Flûte harmonique 8th'
16. Bourdon 8th'
17th Octave 4 ′
18th Pointed flute 4 ′
19th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Super octave 2 ′
21st Mixture V 2 ′
22nd Cornet V (from c 1 ) 8th'
23. bassoon 16 ′
24. Trumpet 8th'
25th Trumpet en chamade 8th'
III Swell C – g 3
26th Bourdon 16 ′
27. Viol 8th'
28. Voix céleste (from c 0 ) 8th'
29 Double flute 8th'
30th Principal 4 ′
31. Transverse flute 4 ′
32. Octavine 2 ′
33. Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
34. Mixture IV 2 ′
35. Basson 16 ′
36. Trumpets 8th'
37. oboe 8th'
38. Clarion 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
39. Pedestal 32 ′
40. Wooden principal 16 ′
41. Principal bass (= No. 12) 16 ′
42. Subbass (from No. 39) 16 ′
43. Octavbass 8th'
44. Viola (= No. 14) 8th'
45. Choral bass 4 ′
46. Bombard 16 ′
47. Bassoon (= No. 23) 16 ′
48. Trumpet 8th'
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, III / I, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Kicks for No. 21, 24, 36, 46 (in interaction with the stops)

Bells

The construction of the bell tower next to the church began on March 11, 1963. It was completed in April 1964. A carillon was also built into the tower. The carillon from 1564 was destroyed on November 16, 1944. The carillon sounds every full hour and plays a hymn to match the different times in the church year .

Four bronze bells hang in the tower (clay motif: Regina caeli ). They were cast in 1964 by the Mabilon bell foundry in Saarburg and are constructed with a medium-weight rib. The four bells were delivered on July 10, 1964.

No.
 Surname
 Diameter
(mm)		 Mass
(kg, approx.)		 Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )		 inscription
 
1 Anna 1,960 5,050 as 0 0 +2 HOLY MOTHER ANNA / YOU WILL ENCOUNTER GRACE AND FAITHFULNESS, RIGHT AND PEACE. CAST IN 1545, RENOVATED IN 1841, AGAIN RENOVATED IN 1964
2 Maria 1,750 3,500 b 0 +100 HOLY VIRGIN MARY / THE RIGHT ONE LIVES BY FAITH. Donated by the Anna-Bauhütte in 1964
3 Joseph 1,571 2,500 c 1 +100 HOLY JOSEF / IN CHRIST THE HOPE OF THE BLESSED RESURRECTION LIGHT UP FOR US. CAST IN 1964
4th Martin 1,478 2,200 of 1 +2 SAINT MARTIN / AS I LOVED YOU, YOU SHOULD LOVE EACH OTHER TOO! CAST IN 1545, RENEWED IN 1697, AND IN 1934, AGAIN RE-CAST FROM DONATIONS FROM THE ANNA BROTHERHOOD in 1964

Carillon

The glockenspiel in the then Anna church tower was built in 1550 by Claiß Wyndemaiker von Gangelt from Münster . In 1964, the Royal Bell Foundry Petit & Fritsen from the Netherlands installed today's carillon. The stick piano has been broken for years. The carillon is now electronically controlled. The largest bell of today's carillon is dedicated to St. Consecrated to Peter (every bell has a name), it weighs 640 kg and measures 101 cm in diameter. The smallest bell weighs 12.5 kg, measures 21.5 cm in diameter and is called Adolf Kolping .

The carillon can be heard every full hour during the day.

There is a legend about the old carillon:

The carillon on the Annaturm of the old Annakirche was initially set up much more artistically than it is today. At 12 o'clock the twelve apostles emerged from a case , a new one with each beat of the hour. Now the people of Cologne would have liked to have had such an artful work, and they promised the builder that he would cover the way from Düren to Cologne with thalers if he would make them the same glockenspiel . However, the people of Düren wanted to have the fame of the unique carillon for themselves. In order to prevent the master from building a new work, they seized him by force and blinded him. He blindly asked that he be introduced to his beloved work again; he wanted to make an improvement. He was granted this wish and led to the Annaturm. He pressed a hidden spring in the watch case and the apostles no longer appeared. The Düren brought in capable masters from near and far so that the work could be put in order again. But nobody was able to do so, and so the case with the twelve apostles was removed. The blinded master was later reminiscent of a gilded bust in the balcony railing of the historic town hall, which depicted a man blindfolded.

parish

The parishes of St. Anna, St. Marien, St. Bonifatius, St. Josef, St. Cyriakus and St. Antonius merged to form the new large parish of St. Lukas. Until then, St. Anna was the parish church of the city.

Pastor

The following priests have so far worked as pastors in the parish of St. Anna, since 2010 parish of St. Lukas:

The pastors of St. Anna since 1418
from ... to Surname
1358–? Rudulphus
1418–? Tillmann in front
1438–? Heinrich Hagedorn
1500-1503 Conrad Boult
149? -1537 Hildebrand von Weworden † 1537
1537-1563 Albert Regius
1563-1583 Petrus Stommel
1591-1594 Jacobus Balemius von Sittard
1594-1627 Rabanus Dithmarus
1627-1627 Bernhard Buschmann † September 6, 1627
1628-1629 Martinus Meyerus von Sittard † April 20, 1629
1657-1658 Mathias Mickius † February 8th, 1658
1658-1660 Andreas Floren † 1659
1660-1666 Leonard Leisten † 1685
1685-1718 Werner Nettersheim † 1718
1718-1723 Heinrich Offermanns † 1723
1723-1723 Christian Robens † August 26, 1724
1723-1758 Johann Wilhelm Fabry † March 26th, 1758
1758-1759 Johann Anton Wilhelm Effertz † April 21, 1759
1759-1789 Johann Michael Deuß † August 20, 1789
1789-1793 Mathias Orsbach † September 29, 1793
1793-1822 Aegidius Kohlhaas † February 16, 1822
1822-1842 Johann Peter Müller
1842-1891 Franz Anton Vaßen † February 9, 1891
1891-1916 Otto Josef Lohmann † June 26th, 1916
1916-1921 Jakob Odenthal † June 26th, 1921
1928-1944 Johann Fröls † November 16, 1944
1944-1947 Vacant
1947-1949 Father Maurus Stark
1949-1969 Heinrich Köttgen † July 29, 1988
1969-2005 Bernhard Gombert † December 4th, 2013
Since 2005 Hans-Otto von Danwitz

literature

  • Erwin Gatz: St. Anna in Düren. B. Kühlen Verlag, Mönchengladbach 1972, ISBN 3-87448-074-7 .

Web links

Commons : Annakirche (Düren)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Catholic parish church of St. Anna. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 1, 2015 ; accessed on January 14, 2015 .
  2. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 12 ff.
  3. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 15 f.
  4. ^ Church leader St. Anna in Düren. P. 28.
  5. ^ A b Paul Hartmann, Edmund Renard: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz. Volume 9: The art monuments of the Düren district. Published by Paul Clemen, Düsseldorf 1910, p. 74.
  6. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 16 f.
  7. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 12 ff.
  8. ^ Paul Hartmann, Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the Rhine province. Volume 9: The art monuments of the Düren district. Published by Paul Clemen, Düsseldorf 1910, pp. 74, 76, 79.
  9. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 19 ff.
  10. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 22.
  11. ^ Paul Hartmann, Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the Rhine province. Volume 9: The art monuments of the Düren district. Published by Paul Clemen, Düsseldorf 1910, p. 76.
  12. ^ Elmar von Reth: Change of the liturgy and its structural expression in St. Anna . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 23 f.
  13. ↑ Bernd Hahne: The competition . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 28 ff.
  14. ↑ Bernd Hahne: The competition . In: 50 Years of the New Anna Church. Symbol of reconstruction . Edited by Bauhütte St. Anna, Düren 2008, p. 30 ff.
  15. ↑ P. Bernd Schrandt: To the adoration of the mother Anna on the Rhine and Ahr. District of Ahrweiler, accessed on June 18, 2020 (German).
  16. ^ Church leader St. Anna in Düren. Pp. 7-24.
  17. ↑ Website of the Foundation Research Center for 20th Century Glass Painting. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  18. ↑ In St. Anna there are delicacies for the ears. Retrieved September 5, 2012 .
  19. ↑ More information on the Metzler organ .
  20. ^ Bell book of the Düren region ( Memento from January 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.3 MB).
  21. ↑ The Glockenspiel in the Aachener Zeitung on April 16, 2019
  22. ↑ Bischöfliches Generalvikariat (ed.): Handbuch des Bistums Aachen 3rd edition, Aachen 1994, p. 335.
  23. ^ Archbishop's General Vicariate: Handbook of the Archdiocese of Cöln. Volume 2, Cöln 1830, p. 18.
  24. ^ Archbishop's General Vicariate: Handbook of the Archdiocese of Cöln. Volume 15, Cöln 1888, p. 91.
  25. ^ Archbishop's General Vicariate: Handbook of the Archdiocese of Cologne. Volume 21, Cologne 1911, p. 105.
  26. ↑ Dürener Zeitung No. 147 - 44th year. Tuesday, June 27, 1916, obituary Otto Josef Lohmann, b. April 4, 1838, d. June 26, 1916.
  27. ↑ Dürener Zeitung No. 195 - 44th year. Wednesday, August 23, 1916, article: Pastor Odenthal Oberpfarrer von St. Anna.

Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 5 ″  N , 6 ° 29 ′ 2 ″  E