Mylau Castle
| Mylau Castle | ||
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.jpg) Mylau Castle |
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| Creation time : | around 1180 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved essential parts | |
| Standing position : | Noble | |
| Place: | Mylau | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 37 '5.8 " N , 12 ° 15' 55.7" E | |
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The castle Mylau (formerly Imperial Castle Mylau ) is a fortification on a rocky outcrop in Mylau in the Vogtland . It is one of the best preserved medieval castles in Saxony and has been a listed building since 1980 .
History and layout
The spur castle was probably built around 1180 in the course of the German colonization under Emperor Barbarossa as the seat of power. It ensured the development of the surrounding area, which was sparsely populated by Slavs, mainly by Frankish settlers. Under the protection of the castle was u. a. the market Reichenbach . The 27 meter high keep dates back to Roman times . The castle was laid out as a single courtyard hilltop castle on a rocky ridge about 80 meters long and 35 meters wide, which overlooked the mouth of the Seifenbach and the Göltzsch . The complex with its originally four defense towers was surrounded by a 10 meter deep dry trench.
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The lords of Milin seated at the castle were first mentioned in 1214. As a result of the Vogtland War , Emperor Charles IV forced the castle to be sold to the Bohemian crown in 1367. In the same year he visited the castle and granted the town of Mylau below it town charter. Charles IV (porphyry relief above the main gate of the castle) set up a royal-Bohemian office at the castle and began the structural expansion of the complex, which was continued by his sons Wenceslaus IV and Sigismund . Parts of the castle were destroyed in 1400 in a feud between Wenceslas IV and the Vogtland bailiffs . Two mighty outer castles were built during the reconstruction .
In 1422 Sigismund pledged Mylau Castle as thanks for the services rendered to the Electors of Saxony in the Hussite Wars . With the exception of the years 1547-69 (Burggräfliches Vogtland) it stayed with Saxony.
From the middle of the 15th century, the noble families von Metzsch , von Schönberg , von Bose and von der Planitz were enfeoffed with the castle. One of the changing lords of the castle was the theologian Joseph Levin von Metzsch (1507–1571), a friend of Martin Luther , who was one of the pioneers of the Reformation in Saxony. Under the Schönbergs, who owned the castle at the end of the 16th century, the change from a fortified to a residential castle took place. The castle was rebuilt again, abandoned as an aristocratic seat in 1772 and passed into civil ownership.
From 1808 to 1828 the spinning mill owner Christian Gotthelf Brückner operated the first factory in the northern Vogtland there. After years of vacancy, the building's cotton and wool printing works found their home in the castle from 1868 to 1894, for which purpose it was rebuilt several times. The facility has been in the hands of the city since 1892. The castle building association, founded in the same year, had the castle rebuilt and expanded as a town hall, castle tavern and museum at the end of the 19th century in the style of historicism . In the upper courtyard, the town hall was built from 1894–96 as a quarry stone building with architectural structures made of Rochlitz porphyry . The German imperial crown of the German Empire founded in 1871 is emblazoned on the gable . The council chamber is designed with a wood-paneled ceiling and ornamental wall paintings in the neo-renaissance style, in the gable is the marble bust of King Albert . The painted glass windows were made in 1890 by the well-known Cologne glass painting workshop Schneiders & Schmolz .
Todays use
After some very different uses in the past two centuries, Mylau Castle is now essentially perceived as a museum location. As early as 1893, the Mylauer Naturkundeverein was able to use the former imperial hall to display its predominantly natural history collections. As a result of the increased collection activity, a local history museum with a diverse range of collections was created. After the association was dissolved in 1945, the museum was subordinated to the city of Mylau in 1948. As a result of political decisions and a reorientation of the museum in the neighboring town of Reichenbach (today Neuberinmuseum Reichenbach ), the museum of the Reichenbach district was built in 1956 as a cultural and historical regional museum . This is where the Mylauer collection holdings were brought together with a large part of the collections of the Reichenbacher Museum. In the following decades, the regional historical focus of the museum could be expanded. In 1990 the museum was assigned to the city of Mylau. Since then, various rooms in the castle have been converted into museum exhibition rooms and made accessible to the public.
In 2010, the city of Mylau handed over the operation of the castle and thus the museum to the Evangelical School Association Vogtland e. V. handed over. Since then, the museum has been subjected to an in-depth analysis, based on the results of which a new museum concept was created. On this basis, a new permanent exhibition was created in the rooms of the upper courtyard in 2014/15. The restorer Sina Klausnitz has been director of the museum since August 1, 2014 (succeeding Sylvie Triemer).
A hiking trail leads around the castle complex, from which it is also possible to see the surrounding village of Mylau.
literature
- Peter Beyer / Andreas Raithel: Mylau Castle in the Saxon Vogtland. Dresden 1996.
- Karl-Heinz Zierdt: 800 years of Mylau Castle in Vogtland. Mylau 1980.
Web links
- Official website: Museum Burg Mylau
- Friends' association: Friends of Mylau Castle
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sebastian Lentz: The northern Voigtland around Greiz. In: Landscape in Germany - Values of our homeland . Böhlau-Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-09003-6 , p. 322.
- ↑ Freie Presse Lokales Vogtland Reichenbach from August 2, 2014: Restorer runs the museum at Mylau Castle. Evangelical School Association opts for Sina Klausnitz in the long term , by Gerd Betka , accessed on August 4, 2014