Altstadt-Süd
 district 101 of Cologne |
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 55 '57 " N , 6 ° 57' 22" E |
| surface | 2,360.3 km² |
| Residents | 27,877 (Dec. 31, 2017) |
| Population density | 11,811 inhabitants / km² |
| Postcodes | 50667, 50676, 50677, 50678 |
| prefix | 0221 |
| Borough | Downtown (1) |
| Transport links | |
| Federal road |
  
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| Light rail lines | 1 3 4th 7th 9 12 15th 16 17th 18th |
| Bus routes | 106 132 133 136 146 171 978 |
| Source: 2017 residents . (PDF) Cologne district information | |
The Altstadt-Süd district is part of the city center district of Cologne . It encompasses the southern parts of the historic city center, which were bounded by the medieval city wall until 1881 . Within the district, in addition to the Hahnentor , the Ulrepforte , the Severinstorburg and the Bayenturm , an approximately 100 meter long section with two watchtowers on the Sachsenring has been preserved.
The development of the administratively separate city districts Altstadt-Süd and Altstadt-Nord reflects the growth of the urban area of Cologne between its founding as Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in 50 AD up to the third medieval city expansion from 1180 to 1259. Due to the dense development and the narrow delimitation by the city wall, there were no large areas for industrial settlements in the 19th century, so that the entrepreneurs built their factories in the suburbs outside the city area. The only exception was the now demolished chocolate and vending machine factory of the Stollwerck brothers in the Severinsviertel.
The area of the entire old town is divided into quarters (in Kölsch : Veedel). Many quarters were separated from each other in the 1960s by the construction of the four- to six-lane north-south route, which is still controversial today .
location
The district Altstadt-Süd together with Altstadt-Nord forms the center of the city. Both parts of the city are bounded by the Cologne Rings , which surround the medieval city area in a semicircle, towards the Neustadt. The Rhine in the east limits the area to Deutz . The east-west axis Pipinstraße – Cäcilienstraße – Neumarkt – Hahnenstraße represents the borderline between the two parts of the old town.
History of the individual districts
Main article: History of the city of Cologne
Neumarkt and Cäcilienviertel
The Neumarkt , first mentioned in a surveying document (as novus mercatus) in 1067, was a large open space that was used for cattle markets and other events. Today, the square with its central location is one of the most heavily frequented traffic hubs in the city center. At Neumarkt, the most important tram lines of the Cologne transport company cross on two levels . The Neumarkt will continue to be used as an area for various events. Among other things, there is a large Christmas market and the traditional Rote Funken bivouac . The Circus Roncalli is the only circus reserved to use the Neumarkt for its guest performances in Cologne. The square is directly adjacent to Schildergasse, one of the major shopping streets in the city center. In the southeast the Neumarkt borders the Cäcilienviertel with the Josef-Haubrich-Hof. There are facilities such as the adult education center and the Cologne central library. This is followed by the Schnütgen Museum , which is located in the Romanesque church of St. Cäcilien , and the St. Peter art station .
The south-western part of the Cecilia quarter is called the Greeks' Market Quarter. It is controversial whether the Greek market district has anything to do with the Greeks . One interpretation leads back to Empress Theophanu , who was buried in St. Pantaleon. The emperor's daughter is said to have settled a Greek artisan and artist colony in the shadow of St. Pantaleon. This could also explain the name of the Greek Gate, because this passage was across from the church. On the other hand, historians also refer to the origin of the name Crieg (war), because in 1371 the Cologne weaver revolt was bloodily suppressed on the Greek market . Around the small and large Greek market was the residential area of the simple and poor citizens of Cologne for centuries. Many small houses were built in a very confined space in very narrow streets. As a result, the effects of World War II on the population were devastating. The neighborhood was completely destroyed as fires caused by incendiary bombs ripped from one house to another. Due to the chimney effect associated with it, many citizens suffocated beneath the rollers of the flame. The only residential building that survived the war without being destroyed is the former house brewery Im Bachem, built in the 16th century, at the eastern end of the Great Greek Market. The house where the composer Jacques Offenbach was born was previously located in this street . The district is separated from the Pantaleonsviertel by the old wall on the brook . The old Roman city wall, of which individual parts have been preserved, ran in the same place. Another highlight in the quarter is the former water tower on Kaygasse, which has been converted into a five-star hotel.
Mauritius Quarter
This neighborhood was named after the church of St. Mauritius . Directly opposite the church is the former baroque monastery building of the Alexian brothers , built in 1734 . When the Alexians moved to Cologne-Lindenthal in 1900 , the building was initially used as a school of applied arts. In 1925 the Rheinische Musikschule moved in. On May 31, 1942, the building was badly damaged in a bombing raid. It was not until the end of the 1950s that the Cologne men's choir took over the complex, rebuilt it and called it Wolkenburg. Today the Wolkenburg houses a restaurant and can be used for all kinds of events. The building is surrounded by the Josef-Schwartz-Anlage, a small park. The restaurant Im Leuchtturm is located directly opposite the Wolkenburg . Inside, this resembles a seafarer's bar, as various nautical devices and ship models are on display.
Georgsviertel
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The Georgsviertel was named after one of the oldest churches in Cologne, St. Georg . With St. Maria Lyskirchen there is another Romanesque church, as well as the Trinity Church, consecrated in 1860, the oldest Protestant church built as such in Cologne on the left bank of the Rhine within the borders. The quarter is located between Severinsbrücke and Deutzer Brücke directly on the Rhine.
The border to the Capitol district are the brooks , the streets Blaubach and Mühlenbach, which were named after parts of the now overbuilt bed of the Duffesbach. In the Blaubach, textiles used to be dyed blue with the help of woad . The woad traders and dyers lived and traded at the Waidmarkt, which connects the Blaubach and the Mühlenbach. The Ratsmalzmühle stood on the Mühlenbach from 1572 to 1853 . Today the street An der Malzmühle and the Brauhaus zur Malzmühle near the former location are reminiscent of this mill. The brewery founded in 1858 as the Hubert Koch brewery and malt extract steam brewery is the only one of the eleven breweries that existed in Georgsviertel in 1878 that is still in operation today. Most of the breweries were built between the 17th and 19th centuries, as a large number of thirsty workers who were employed in the markets around the quarter wanted to be fed. After the Rheinauhafen began operations in 1820, the customer base increased again thanks to the port workers. When several in-house breweries merged, public traffic decreased due to major renovations in the market district and there were raw material shortages during the First World War , the number of breweries in the district fell noticeably.
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From 1843 onwards, the quarter also became a currency exchange point , because the Cologne Stock Exchange and the Chamber of Commerce moved into the Overstolzenhaus on Rheingasse, which was built between 1225 and 1230 . The former home of the Overstolz patrician family was badly damaged in the Second World War. However, since the facade was preserved, it was rebuilt and from then on was the only example of Romanesque civil building in Cologne. The city made the building available to the Kunstgewerbemuseum (now the Museum of Applied Arts ) as an exhibition space. The Art Academy for Media has been located there since 1990 . The seat of the Chamber of Crafts in Cologne is located in the border area to Altstadt Nord on the southern Heumarkt . From the 1960s to 2001, the Waidmarkt was the location of the Cologne Police Headquarters. Since the building was contaminated with asbestos and at the same time there was an acute lack of space, the Presidium moved in 2002 to a new building in Kalk on the right bank of the Rhine . On March 3, 2009, after an earth movement in the immediate vicinity of St. Georg, the city archives building and two adjacent buildings collapsed . In the accident caused by the underground construction there, two people were killed and a large part of the archive material was spilled.
Capitol District
The Capitol District is located between the brooks and Cäcilienstraße and was named after the church of St. Maria im Kapitol . One of the entrances to the area of the church is the Dreikönigenpförtchen (in Kölsch : Dreikünnijepöötzje). The archbishop of Cologne, Rainald von Dassel , is said to have brought the remains of the Three Kings into the city through this gate . This theory became common in the 18th century, but has not been historically proven. An architecturally interesting monument from the late 1950s is the Telekom skyscraper on Sternengasse .
Pantaleon district
This quarter was named after the Romanesque church and the associated monastery of St. Pantaleon . Since the quarter was on the Duffesbach, the red tanners settled here in the Middle Ages, which is why the part of the brook was named Rothgerberbach here . Later the stream was built over here too, so that today only the street name reminds of it. The municipal orphanage used to be in the direct vicinity of the monastery . In the street in front of the Siebenburgen stands St. Maria vom Frieden , a baroque church of the Carmelites . This church was completely restored between 1986 and 1992 after severe war damage that had previously only been temporarily repaired. The listed Art Nouveau building at Am Weidenbach 24 and the brick building of the Cologne-South tax office in the same street in the New Objectivity architectural style are well worth seeing .
Severinsviertel
The Severinsviertel (in Kölsch: Vringsveedel), located in the south of the district, was named after the St. Severin Church, consecrated in 1237 . The quarter is known for its very own and typically “Cologne” flair. Traditionally, the Severinsviertel is the start or end point of the Rose Monday procession from Cologne, depending on the decision of those responsible. The participants in the Severinstorburg beginning Severinstraße is the central shopping street of the neighborhood. Here at number 15 is the Balchem house , the only surviving baroque house in the Severinsviertel, where it is popularly known today as "Em Balge". On the third weekend in September, the street festival Dä longest Desch vun Kölle has been taking place on Severinstrasse since 1980 . With around 800,000 visitors, it is one of the most popular street festivals in Germany. From February 1977 Trude Herrs Volksbühne Theater in Vringsveedel was located in No. 81 , but it closed again in February 1986.
Since 2004, the construction of the north-south light rail has caused massive traffic obstructions. During preparatory measures for the construction of the subway, an incident occurred on September 29, 2004. During pipe jacking work in the Perlengraben area, the subsurface of the church tower of St. Johann Baptist sagged for an unknown reason. The tower leaned to the west and had to be supported with steel girders so that it did not topple over completely. The city temporarily had a new landmark with the Leaning Tower of Cologne . After the resulting cavity had been filled with over 20 cubic meters of concrete, the church tower could be erected again in October 2005 using hydraulic pumps .
Along with St. Severin, St. Johann Baptist is the second Catholic parish church in the district. The Carthusian Church, a former monastery church of the Carthusian Order founded in Cologne not far from the Ulrepforte , is now used by the Protestant community. A religious order is represented in the quarter with the Augustinian nunnery . The nuns have been looking after a hospital since 1874, which, in addition to the official name Hospital of the Augustinians, also bears the nickname Severinsklösterchen .
Until 1975, the Stollwerck chocolate factory was located in the Severinsviertel. After the city declared the site a redevelopment area on October 3, 1974, it acquired it on July 4, 1978 for 40 million marks from real estate speculator Dr. Detlev Renatus Rüger, although the value was only estimated at 5.5 million in an expert report. After laying the foundation stone on April 18, 1975, Stollwerck moved to the new location in Cologne-Westhoven in December 1975 , where modern production halls had been built. A few years later, the city of Cologne needed additional building space for the renovation of the Severinsviertel. They put out a competition to redesign the redevelopment area. According to the plans of the competition winner, the dt8 planning group , 60 percent of the factory premises were to be demolished and replaced with new buildings, the remaining part was to be converted. These plans sparked massive civil protests from April 1980. From May 20, 1980, the abandoned old Stollwerck site was occupied to prevent the impending demolition. Under the slogan Power Stollwerck zum Bollwerk , up to 600 people occupied the former production building. This was the largest squatting in the history of Cologne. The occupiers wanted to convert the entire plant into affordable living space on their own initiative. The originally planned factory buildings were demolished from July 1987, despite the protests, except for the Annosaal and the machine hall. The so-called Anno-Riegel was converted into affordable living space. The two large rooms served as the setting for music and theater events until they were later demolished. The community and cultural center Bürgerhaus Stollwerck was set up in a neighboring building, the former Prussian provisions office.
The area around Ubierring 40 has been Cologne's artists' quarter since the city of Cologne's art college - the Kölner Werkschulen - (which existed from 1926 to 1971), where art students and workers lived together in the backyards. Since the bar scene expanded into Neustadt-Süd in the 1970s until it was bordered by the railway embankment at the height of the Bonner Wall and Bonntor , the southern part of the Severinsviertel, together with the eastern part of the Neustadt-Süd, is often unofficially called Südstadt . The Früh em Veedel restaurant was built in the 1880s. Until 1998, the Reissdorf brewery, with its headquarters directly on Severinstrasse, was an important local employer.
Rheinauhafen
The Rhine island north of the Bayenturm was used for a long time by the Cologne population as a recreational area. Popularly this area was called Werthchen . In 1820 the site was converted into a temporary harbor and the Bayen basin was named. The island was connected to the bank of the Rhine at the southern end. The Malakoff Tower was built at the port entrance in 1855 to improve surveillance. In the course of further fortification, a swing bridge was built in 1888 to cross the narrow port entrance . When the area was completely paved in 1893 and made accessible by a railway connection, the area was renamed Rheinauhafen . In the years 1909/10 the port was expanded extensively. From then on, the area also extended to the areas of the banks of the Rhine from Neustadt-Süd. In the course of this expansion, the 170 meter long Gdansk warehouse was built, which is known by the residents as the Kölsches Siebengebirge because of its seven landside roof gables .
After the Second World War , the port gradually lost its importance due to the lack of expansion options and the expansion of the other Cologne ports. Since then it has been used mainly as a yacht and sports port. In 1993 the Chocolate Museum was rebuilt next to the Malakoff Tower . The German Sport & Olympia Museum is located in a neighboring former warehouse . The Bayenturm is now the seat of the Feminist Archive . Shortly after the turn of the millennium, extensive demolition and renovation work began on the old warehouse buildings. A new city quarter is being built there with exclusive condominiums, office and administrative buildings. In total, the area was divided into 31 construction lots and is currently the largest building construction project in the city. The area of the Agrippina shipyard with the office buildings Kap am Südkai , ECR Offices and Silo , the adjacent apartment block Kölsches Siebengebirge and the combined residential and office building Rheinkontor have already been completed (picture below, as listed from left to right).
Demographic statistics
Structure of the population of Cologne-Altstadt-Süd:
- Proportion of under 18-year-olds: 8.2% (2014)
- Proportion of over 64-year-olds: 16.3% (2014)
- Proportion of foreigners: 18.7% (2015)
- Unemployment rate: 7.6% (2014)
Attractions
Churches
- St. George
- St. Johann Baptist
- St. Mary in the Capitol
- St. Mary of Peace
- St. Maria Lyskirchen
- St. Severin
- St. Pantaleon
- St. Peter
- St. Cecilia
- Trinity Church
- St. Mauritius
Historical secular buildings
- Bayenturm
- Bottmühle
- Hahnentorburg
- Remains of the Roman city wall at Rothgerberbach
- Severinstorburg
- Old guard
- city wall
- Overstolzenhaus , the only Romanesque house in Cologne
- Ulrepforte
Modern secular buildings
- Wilhelminian style houses on the Weidenbach
- Hotel in the water tower
- Severinsbrücke
- Telekom skyscraper on Sternengasse
Museums
Streets and squares
- Josef Haubrich Hof
- Neumarkt
- North-South drive
- Cologne brooks
- Cologne rings
See also
- List of architectural monuments in Cologne's Altstadt-Süd district
- Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium
- History of Cologne
- City Wall (Cologne)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cologne city maps and aerial photographs, 3rd edition 2005
- ^ Franz Ludwig Mathar: Brewery "Im Bachem". In: koelner-brauerei-verband.de. Kölner Brauerei-Verband eV, accessed on August 21, 2015 .
- ↑ A Brief History of Our History. Wolkenburg GmbH, accessed on August 21, 2015 .
- ^ Franz Mathar : History: Brewery to the Malzmühle - Schwartz KG (Mühlen Kölsch). In: koelner-brauerei-verband.de. Kölner Brauerei-Verband eV, accessed on August 21, 2015 .
- ↑ Website of the Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch zum Overstolzenhaus ( memento of the original from June 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archive of the StadtRevue Cologne ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Website Koeln-Suedstadt.de for Stollwerck ( Memento of 12 August 2007 at the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Website Koeln-Suedstadt.de on Rheinauhafen ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Website of the Rheinauhafen construction project
- ↑ Inhabitants according to selected age groups - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
- ↑ Inhabitants according to selected age groups - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
- ↑ Inhabitants by type of migration background - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
- ↑ Employed and unemployed part of the city - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
Web links
- Official website of the City of Cologne for the Altstadt-Süd district
- Information and news portal about the southern part of Cologne