Joos van Cleve
Joos van der Beke called van Cleve (* 1485 in Kleve ; † 1540 in Antwerp ) was a Dutch painter .
Life
In 1511 van Cleve was accepted as a master in the Antwerp guild . Before that, he and Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder were trained by Jan Joest in Kalkar on the Lower Rhine. He seems to have been one of the most active painters of his time.
He created numerous triptychs and Madonnas, the style of which corresponded to the Flemish school. Van Cleve's paintings are characterized by their peaceful atmosphere beyond tension. His main works are two altars depicting the death of the Virgin (today in Cologne and Munich), which were previously referred to as the works of the Master of the Life of the Virgin .
It is safe to assume that van Cleve traveled to Italy and adopted Italian stylistic elements in the last years of his life, especially under the influence of Leonardo da Vinci . He also distinguished himself as a portrait painter . He is credited with portraits of Maximilian I , Henry VIII and Franz I , whose court painter he was.
Art historical research and archive evaluations in Antwerp have produced many details about the life of Joos van Cleve, which, however, are not yet conclusively - especially for the early days - a complete picture of life.
His son Cornelis Cleve was also a painter.
Selection of works
- Altar, lunette: stigmatization of St. Francis, wood, 75 × 146 cm, Paris, Musée National du Louvre.
- Altar, middle panel: Lamentation of Christ, wood, 145 × 206 cm, Paris, Musée National du Louvre.
- Altar, predella: Last Supper, wood, 45 × 206 cm, Paris, Musée National du Louvre.
- Adoration of the Magi, wood, 110 × 71 cm, Dresden, Gemäldegalerie.
- Winged altar, left wing outside: St. Christophorus and Anna Selbdritt, shortly before 1523, wood, 132 × 73 cm. Munich, Alte Pinakothek.
- Winged altar, inside left wing: Saints Georg and Nicasius with the donors Georg and Nicasius Hackeney, shortly before 1523, wood, 132 × 73 cm. Munich, Alte Pinakothek.
- Winged altar, inside left wing: Saints Nicasius and Georg with the donors Nicasius and Georg Hackeney, 1515, wood, 67 × 60 cm. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum.
- Winged altar, central panel: Death of the Virgin, shortly before 1523, wood, 132 × 154 cm. Munich, Alte Pinakothek.
- Winged altar, central panel: Death of the Virgin, 1515, wood, 65 × 126 cm. Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum.
- Winged altar, right wing outside: Saints Sebastian and Rochus, shortly before 1523, wood, 132 × 74 cm, Munich, Alte Pinakothek.
- Lucretia, around 1520/25, 76 × 54 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Gemäldegalerie
- Praying Mary, after 1511, Salzburg, Residenzgalerie,
Adoration of the Magi
The (great) Adoration of the Magi with St. Dominic and St. Lucas
Mary praying
Lucretia
Master of Mary's Death
A triptych with the death of Mary, oak, created around 1515, today in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Cologne, was originally assigned to a master of the death of the Virgin until it could be identified as a work by Joos van Cleeve. On the wide-format central wing, the death of Mary is depicted as described in the "Legenda aurea of Jacobus de Voragine (1230-1280)". The scene shows the apostles gathered around the bed of Our Lady. Only John and Peter can be identified. They act busily around the deathbed. In the foreground you can see Peter who leads the liturgy of death. The rosary lying on the Gothic stool, shown as a detail, shows which prayers are to be paid in front of the altar.
The image is carefully constructed and designed in the shape of a vanishing point. Unlike the central panel with its residential building atmosphere, the inside of the wing leads into an open river landscape with a continuous horizon. On the left wing the founders Nicarius and Georg Hackeney are depicted with their namesake, on the right the wives of the founders with Saints Christina and Gundula. The faces clearly reveal individual features. On the outside of the wings three plague saints are depicted: Anna, Sebastian and Rochus.
At about the same time, there was a second Marientod altar by Joos van Cleve in Cologne, which is now part of the collection of the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. It is certain that the altarpiece from 1515 is the first version. The two triptychs of the death of Mary show a remarkable skill in the treatment of interior light. The painter's style is restless, of soft elegance and reflects a diverse eclecticism.
literature
- Peter van den Brink (Ed.): Joos van Cleve. Leonardo of the North. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-7630-2596-1 ( review )
- Ilan Rachum, Atlantis-Verlag 1991: Encyclopedia of the Renaissance , ISBN 978-3-7611-0725-6
- Wallraf-Richartz-Museum Cologne: From Stefan Lochner to Paul Cezanne 120 masterpieces from the Cologne / Milan painting collection . DuMont / Electa 1985.
- The Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, 100 masterpieces; from Simone Martini to Edvard Munch . Edited by Rainer Budde and Roland Krischel. DuMont, Cologne 2000.
- Johannes Jahn , Wolfgang Haubenreißer: Dictionary of Art (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 165). 12th, revised and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-520-16512-0 .
- DuMont's dictionary of artists from antiquity to the present . Published by Herbert Read, DuMont Cologne 1997.
Web links
- Joos van Cleve - Leonardo of the North | Suermondt Ludwig Museum Aachen
- Joos van Cleve. Biographical data and works in the Netherlands Institute for Art History (Dutch)
Remarks
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cleve, Joos van |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Beke, Joos vam der |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1485 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kleve |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1540 |
| Place of death | Antwerp |