Sophie von Hatzfeldt

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Sophie von Hatzfeldt, retouched portrait photography, around 1860/61
Sophie von Hatzfeldt; contemporary painting
Portrait with ermine fur and cigar

Sophie Josephine Ernestine Friederike Wilhelmine Countess von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg-Schönstein , née Countess von Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg (born August 10, 1805 in Trachenberg ; † January 25, 1881 in Wiesbaden ) was a German socialist and life companion of Ferdinand Lassalle .

Life

In order to end family disputes between the Hatzfeldt- Trachenberg and Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg lines , Sophie was forced to marry her brutal and violent cousin from the Wildenburg line, Edmund von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg-Weisweiler († January 15, 1874 in Düsseldorf) in 1822 wealthy man residing at Kalkum Castle near Düsseldorf , Schönstein and Crottorf Castle . Even the birth of their son Paul in 1831 could not deter the Count from his debauchery. She wanted to get a divorce as early as 1830, but her brothers Hermann Anton von Hatzfeldt and Maximilian von Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg refused to give her any financial support. Since 1846 she ran the divorce herself and was supported by the later workers' leader Ferdinand Lassalle , whom she met through the mediation of Colonel Archibald Graf von Keyserling (1785–1855). The process, which Lassalle also used for propaganda purposes of the labor movement , dragged on until 1854 and took place before six courts. The actual divorce took place on July 30, 1851.

Alexander von Humboldt defended the Countess and Lasalle against the suspicions that arose during the divorce proceedings and vigorously praised Lassalle's “chevaleresque advocacy for an unhappy woman”.

On December 10, 1847, she was sentenced in Berlin by the Rheinisches Kassationshof for defamation to a prison term of two months, a fine of 100 Reichstaler and the loss of civil rights for a period of five years. Lassalle received the same penalties for aiding and abetting.

The “red countess” had lived with Lassalle in Düsseldorf since 1848 and was politically active there during the March Revolution . Even after her divorce in 1851, she lived with Lassalle until 1856; then she moved to Berlin , but stayed in close contact with him. In 1861 they both met Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italy . In 1862 she lived in Zurich and traveled with Wilhelm Rustow through southern Germany.

After Lassalle's death in a duel in 1864 , she saw herself as his spiritual heir, published his posthumous writings and was active in the General German Workers' Association ( ADAV ) founded by Lassalle , where she quickly came into conflict with many male members of the labor movement. In 1867, as a spin-off from the ADAV, she founded the Lassalleschen Allgemeine Deutsche Arbeitserverein ( LADAV ). The president of this strictly centralized association was Fritz Mende , who was also its secretary. After the reunification of the LADAV with the ADAV in 1869, the Countess withdrew from politics. After she was reconciled with her family, she lived on the count's estate Schloss Sommerberg in Frauenstein or in Heddernheim , and later in Wiesbaden .

Shortly before her death she was famous for her attractiveness : "The countess still looks like a stately lady of fifty, but not like an old woman of seventy-three."

Sophie von Hatzfeldt was also called the "mother of social democracy".

Her estate was kept in Sommerberg Castle until 1962 and then brought to Schönstein Castle . It also contained numerous correspondence from her partner Ferdinand Lassalle , which he had bequeathed to her. These were salvaged from the warehouse of Sommerberg Castle in October 1918 and made scientifically accessible.

family

Parents and siblings

The father was Prince Franz Ludwig von Hatzfeldt . Her younger sister Clara (1807-1858) was married to August Ludwig von Nostitz , her younger brother Maximilian von Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg (1813-1859) became a Prussian diplomat and envoy in Paris.

Marriage and offspring

Sophie and Edmund von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg married on August 10, 1822. They were divorced in 1851 and had three children:

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Sophie's grandson was

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Her biological nieces and nephews were:

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Publications

  • Ferdinand Lassalle: Leftover letters and writings . 6 vols., Stuttgart 1921-25:
    • Vol. 3: The correspondence between Lassalle and Marx together with letters from Friedrich Engels and Jenny Marx to Lassalle and from Karl Marx to Countess Sophie Hatzfeldt , Stuttgart 1922.
    • Vol. 4: Correspondence with Countess Sophie von Hatzfeldt , Stuttgart 1924.

literature

  • Renate Feyl : The indispensable condition of happiness. Novel. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2019, ISBN 978-3-462-04890-2 .
  • Hans Wolfram von Hentig:  Hatzfeldt, Sophie Josepha Ernestine Countess von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 67 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Manfred Gebhardt : Sophie von Hatzfeldt. A life with Lassalle. New life, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-355-01290-4 .
  • Arno Herzig : Sophie von Hatzfeldt (1805–1881). In: Schlesische Lebensbilder. Volume 7, Stuttgart 2001, pp. 215-219.
  • Helmut Hirsch : Sophie von Hatzfeldt - depicted in personal testimonies, time and photo documents . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1981, ISBN 3-590-34101-7 .
  • Ders .: Refuge at Trachenberg Castle. An episode from the life of Countess Sophie von Hatzfeldt. In: Silesia. Quarterly journal for art, science and folklore. Volume 26, 1981, pp. 216-221.
  • Ders .: Sophie von Hatzfeldt (1805–1881). In: Rheinische Lebensbilder, Volume 10. Ed. By Wilhelm Janssen. Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1985, pp. 121-140.
  • Antje Kahnt: Düsseldorf's strong women - 30 portraits . Droste, Düsseldorf 2016, ISBN 978-3-7700-1577-1 , pp. 49–54.
  • Christiane Kling-Mathey: Countess Hatzfeldt . Bonn 1989 (also diss. )
  • Isidor Momma: The Countess Sophia von Hatzfeldt and the Professor Isidor Momma . Campmann in Comm., Düsseldorf 1848. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Karla Nieraad: "I've decided to step forward now." About Countess Sophie von Hatzfeldt in the shadow of Ferdinand Lassalle. Stadthaus Ulm, edition stadthaus, Volume 19, Ulm 2016, ISBN 978-3-934727-43-4 .
  • Britta Stein: The Hatzfeldt divorce process . Münster 1999 (also dissertation)

swell

Web links

Commons : Sophie von Hatzfeldt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Staff news. In:  Das Vaterland , January 20, 1874, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / possibly
  2. ↑ † Countess Sophie Hatzfeldt. In:  Neue Freie Presse , January 27, 1881, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  3. ↑ Germany. In:  Wiener Zeitung , January 20, 1848, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz
  4. ↑ a b Little Chronicle. In:  Die Presse , September 30, 1878, p. 7 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / maintenance / apr
  5. ↑ Countess Sophie Hatzfeldt. In:  Prager Tagblatt , February 1, 1881, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / ptb
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Mommsen: The bequests in the German archives: with additions from other holdings / 2 . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1983, p. 811.
  7. ^ Gustav Mayer : Letters from and to Lassalle until 1848 . DVA, Stuttgart and others 1921, pp. 15–16, digitized version, accessed on December 29, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Hatzfeldt, Sophie von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg-Schönstein, Sophie; Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg-Schönstein, Sophie Josephine Ernestine Friederike Wilhelmine Countess of
SHORT DESCRIPTION German socialist
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1805
PLACE OF BIRTH Trachenberg
DATE OF DEATH January 25, 1881
Place of death Wiesbaden