Lyskirchen
The Lyskirchen family (y spoken as [iː]) was one of the most important families of the medieval city of Cologne and belonged to the Cologne patriciate . They had the most important positions in the Aldermen , in Richerzeche and for a long time in the council held. The family, which has been mayor of the city several times over generations, was represented in Cologne politics until the 17th century.
The name Lyskirchen
The Lyskirchen were the founders of the church in the settlement "Nothausen" upstream of the Roman wall , later the Lyskirchen district of the suburb of Oversburg . The former name of the patrician family , "Lisolvyi" is said to have given the church its name. In the course of time, “ecclesia Lisolvyi” (mid 12th century) became “Lisolphi” (1170) and “Lisolfiskyrken” (1176). The name developed after further modifications up to Lysenkyrchen in 1407.
The later developing main lines of the clan were the Lyskirchen vom Heumarkt , the Mirwillre (also Mirweiler), the Airsburg (also Airsbach or later Oversburg) and the Crop von Lyskirchen in the Rheingasse.
history
The origin of the Cologne family lies in the darkness of early Cologne history . The Lyskirchen, which have been closely linked to urban politics since the second half of the 12th century, can be traced in the sources. The Lyskirchen came from the old town and initially had their residence at the large market there, then in the Rheingasse in the St. Martin district . In a document, Ludwig, the son of "Erenfried", mentioned in 1182, first appears as a witness from this family.
The crop of Lyskirchen from the Rheingasse
Fahn’s first information about the clan of "Erinfridus" (around 1140) is very controversial after "Lau". Erinfridus therefore married Liveradis, who bore him a son, whom they named Ludwigus. He (from here in accordance with the sources), for whom the life dates 1182 to 1205 are given, married the widow Gertrudis, who brought him a house in the Rheingasse (next to Hilger Hardefust's estate) as a dowry into the marriage. This house, which was called "mansio Ludewici, filii Erinfridi" around 1230, passed to Constantinus (filius Ludewici) "de platea Rheni" (Rheingasse) from this marriage. An entry in the shrine record of 1303 described the location of this house as: domus et ar. in platea Reni, que quond. fuit mansio Constantini Crop, iuxta mansionem Hildegeri Hardevust interius versus Renum.
The social rise of the family began with Constantin († around 1236), who took Margarethe Overstolz as his wife and called himself Crop von der Rheingasse or Ludwig's son. He was the first of the Lyskirchen to rise to the top of Cologne's upper class in 1225, when he was accepted as a member of the Richerzeche and was appointed mayor by them.
Historians see the marital association of the Lyskirchen with the Overstolz family as the reason why the descendants of Constantine henceforth carried the Overstolz coat of arms. The firstborn Godeschalk got the parent company in Rheingasse from his sons and founded a line called Crop von Lyskirchen.
The second son, Constantin, took up residence near St. Maria Lyskirchen and called himself "de ecclesia Lysolphi". His descendants changed the name addition, they called themselves now "von Lyskirchen".
Constantin was held in high regard by both the citizens and Archbishop Wicbold . He made money deals on a large scale, which he mainly did with the archbishop, who pledged most of his income in Cologne in 1303 for a debt of 6000 Cologne marks . The family did not appear in the lay judge's office until 1325, but belonged to the Richerzeche and later to the council. Constantin was enfeoffed by Burgrave Johann with Airsbach in 1279 , which was confirmed by Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg in 1280 , and there took over the office of Greven in 1282 . Constantin, who was also a member of the Münzerhausgenossenschaft, died around 1306.
The descendants of Constantinus Crop "de Lysolphi" came from two marriages. The first with Gertrudis Kaltcroisen († around 1280) had five children, with his second wife Richmudis de novo foro (the Latin name of Neumarkt) he had eight offspring. One of the sons from his first marriage married Hadewigis Hardevust and became Archbishop's mayor in Deutz. A son of Constantin from his second marriage married Sophia von Stessa, also became Greve zu Airsbach (comes de Lisolfkirchen) and died in 1321.
Loss of power
In the 14th century the Lyskirchen had firmly established themselves in Cologne society and gained influence in the college of aldermen. From 1391 the right to elect a mayor, which had previously been exercised by the Richerzeche Corporation, passed to the council. In the then worsening rivalries in the Cologne upper class, the so-called “Greifen” , founded by Hilger Quattermart , and the “Friends” party under the leadership of Konstantin von Lyskirchen vom Heumarkt († around 1420), who were formed in the June 1396 was captured. It was the temporary end of a supremacy of the Lyskirchen dynasty within the Cologne patriciate.
After the political decline of the patriciate, the Lyskirchen temporarily lost importance. They concentrated more on their businesses and were now also involved in the flourishing wine trade . Nevertheless , they still opposed the new urban constitution in the 15th century , but could not prevail with their resistance. It was not until the middle of the 16th century that they returned to the political stage and appointed the mayor a few more times. Constantin von Lyskirchen (1604 to 1672) was the last of his clan in the highest municipal office, which he held for the last time in 1570/71 together with Caspar von Cronenberg as second mayor.
Outstanding family members
Constantin von Lyskirchen, also called "Costyn" (1500 to 1581), was a son of Johann von Lyskirchen and Catharina Hupp. He studied at the University of Cologne and, as a successful, nationally active businessman, became an influential person in the Hanseatic League , in which around 1500 some cities had come together under the leadership of Cologne. In his hometown Lyskirchen belonged to the Gaffel Eisenmarkt, which elected him to be their banner owner. As such he was a councilor from 1544 to 1580. Although his committed advocacy for Dutch religious refugees made him appear suspicious to some of his colleagues as a possible follower of the new heretical doctrine, he was elected mayor ten times by his colleges during these years (after each year in office the incumbents had to take a break of at least one year).
Lyskirchen had been married to Elisabeth, the youngest daughter of Georg Haqueney, from 1540, who bore him nine children. Through this marriage, Lyskirchen also took over the Haqueneyschen Hof on the north side of Neumarkt and the ancient collection of Nicasius Haqueney, his wife's uncle, who died in 1518. As a highly educated and well-traveled personality, he contributed with his knowledge to the creation of the city book "Civitates orbis terrarum" published between 1572 and 1618 by the theologian Georg Braun and the engraver Frans Hogenberg . "Costyn" von Lyskirchen died in office in 1581.
Lyskirchen Collection
Its antiquities, such as the altar of Victoria , were mostly finds from the Cologne Roman era. They showed the endeavors of individual personalities already at that time to preserve for posterity, in the manner of the later art collector Wallrafs, evidence of the city's history through collections. As early as 1570, the Lyskirchen collection (and that of other Cologne collectors) found its documentary expression in the commissioned work of the council to the copper engraver Arnold Mercator , who in his city view many of the still in the museums in Cologne ( Roman-Germanic Museum ) and Bonn ( Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn ) reproduced pieces of these objects preserved in great detail.
Lyskirchen as the initiator of the town hall arbor
Lyskirchen and the councilor, lawyer and antiquities collector (like Lyskirchen) Johann Helman, as representatives of the municipal building owners, were not only considered to be the learned collectors of antique artifacts , but were also committed advocates of the plan to add a vestibule to the town hall based on the classic antique model. The gentlemen set up a commission that brought together a number of experts with appropriate specialist knowledge for this purpose. After the Flemish painter, sculptor and architect Cornelis Floris had developed the basic idea in the form of a design in the Renaissance style , Lyskirchen's vision was realized. Between the years 1569–1573, the town hall arbor was built according to the plans and calculations of the master builder Wilhelm Vernukken from Kalkar on the Lower Rhine.
Generational succession of modern times
Constantin von Lyskirchen (1545 to 1600) was a son of the Cologne mayor of the same name. In contrast to his brother Johann, he chose a spiritual career as the perspective of his life. Constantine became provost of the St. Georg monastery (since 1583), was pastor at St. Jakob and St. Maria Lyskirchen and canon at the monasteries St. Ursula , St. Maria im Kapitol and St. Gereon . Constantine donated a crucifix for the Basilica of St. Gereon.
Johann von Lyskirchen († around 1608) was a son of the mayor Constantin von Lyskirchen and his wife Elisabeth Haqueney. Like his father, he was a successful businessman who had signed up for the Windeck gaff. He knew how to increase the influence and wealth of the family and took over his father's extensive collection of Roman antiquities. His contemporaries considered him a learned and morally strict man. As such a respected citizen, he was a member of the city council from 1572 to 1605, which elected him to the office of mayor five times between 1595/96 and 1607/08.
Constantin von Lyskirchen (1604 to 1672) traditionally received his father's first name. He was the son of the mayor and his wife Gertrud von Reck. He was the grandson and great-grandson of Cologne mayors and called himself Herr zu Dransdorf after the rule near Bonn that had been in the possession of the Lyskirchen since the 16th century . In 1631 Constantin married the mayor's daughter Margarethe von Rottkirchen (1609 to 1665), who bore him six daughters. Apart from his membership in the council from 1629 to 1638 and his official activities as mayor between 1640/41 and 1670/71, little is known about professional matters. One illustration shows him with a sword hanger and sword , so that it is assumed that he was depicted as a member of the nobility. Constantin lived on his income as a rentier and large landowner.
Suburban district of Lyskirchen
Lyskirchen was one of the districts in the imperial suburb of Oversburg . The district of Lyskirchen comprised the streets Filzengraben and "An Lyskirchen", the Holzgasse, the larger part of the street "Große Witschgasse" and the Holzmarkt up to Holzgasse.
"Schiffermadonna" by St. Maria Lyskirchen (around 1420)
Depiction of Finkenboom 1665
Lithograph by JA Wünsch around 1827
St. Maria Lyskirchen today
The district developed into one of the core areas of the suburb of Oversburg, where magnificent patrician and guild houses had been built. The residents of the district on the banks of the Rhine have been mainly the Rhine boatmen and rowers, as well as the carters and sack porters since ancient times . The main building of the "Lyskirchen" was located in the Lyskirchen district. In 1652 it was converted into the rectory of the Church of St. Maria Lyskirchen.
The Lyskirchen in the city's memory
To the in the early 18th century tribal follow- extinct race reminiscent Romanesque Church of St. Maria Lyskirchen, the small beside this church street "An Lyskirchen" the südstädtische Karnevalsverein Lyskircher boy and one in Veedel operated Lyskirchen hotel of the same name. In addition to the numerous documents in the church and city archives , there are some portraits of the Lyskirchen family members, primarily those of the mayors, that were created by various contemporary artists. The habitus and splendid clothing of the persons depicted illustrate the claim and position of the patrician family. Most of the paintings are now in the city's museums.
literature
- Werner Schäfke , Kölnischer Bildersaal: The paintings in the holdings of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz collection and the Cologne high school and foundation fund . Publisher: Cologne: Kölnisches Stadtmuseum (January 1, 2006), ISBN 392739694X
- Ulrich S. Soenius, Jürgen Wilhelm (Ed.): Kölner Personen-Lexikon . Greven, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7743-0400-0 .
- Adam Wrede : New Cologne vocabulary. 3 volumes A – Z, 9th edition, Greven Verlag, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-7743-0155-7 .
- Anton Fahne : History of the Cologne, Jülich and Bergisch families in genealogical tables, coats of arms, seals and documents, lineage and heraldic book . A – Z, Cologne, 1848. Volume 1
- Hermann Keussen : Topography of the City of Cologne in the Middle Ages , in 2 volumes. Cologne 1910. ISBN 978-3-7700-7560-7 and ISBN 978-3-7700-7561-4
- Peter Noelke: Discovery of History, Arnold Mercator's city view of Cologne . In: Renaissance am Rhein, catalog for the exhibition in the LVR-Landesmuseum Bonn , 2010/2011. Published by Hatje Cantz. ISBN 978-3-7757-2707-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Ulrich S. Soenius, Jürgen Wilhelm (Ed.): Kölner Personen-Lexikon, p. 337
- ^ Adam Wrede, Volume II, page 165, with reference to A. Wrede, Kölnische Zeitung 943 of September 16, 1915
- ↑ a b c d Friedrich Lau: The Cologne patriciate up to 1325, panel II in: Mitteilungen aus dem Stadtarchiv XXV. 1894
- ^ Hermann Keussen, Volume I. St. Martin District, p. 66, Col. a
- ↑ Carl Dietmar, p. 126 f.
- ↑ a b c d Werner Schäfke: Kölnischer Bildersaal: The paintings in the holdings of the Cologne City Museum including the Porz Collection and the Cologne High School and Foundation Fund , p. 96, 99
- ↑ Peter Noelke: Discovery of History, Arnold Mercators City View of Cologne , p. 257
- ↑ Peter Noelke: Discovery of History, Arnold Mercator's city view of Cologne , p. 74
- ↑ Carl Dietmar, p. 192