Antoniterkirche (Cologne)
.jpg)
_Nagelkreuz_von_Coventry.JPG)
The Protestant Antoniterkirche is a Gothic church in downtown Cologne . Its central location on the Schildergasse shopping street makes it the most visited church in town after the cathedral . The Antoniterkirche became known nationwide as the venue for the Political Night Prayer as well as through the artwork Der Schwebende by Ernst Barlach that was hung in it . The Antoniterkirche has also been a member of the Cross of Nails Community since 2016 as well as the baptismal church of the resistance fighter Freya von Moltke .
Building history
founding
The Antoniter Order built a monastery on this site between 1350 and 1370/1378 . This also included the church consecrated to the patron saint of the order, St. Anthony the Great , which was built in the Gothic style customary at the time with features of a mendicant order church. The three-aisled, vaulted basilica has a polygonal choir , the north aisle has its own final choir . Instead of a tower, the church has a roof turret .
secularization
During the French occupation of Cologne in 1794, the monasteries were dissolved . The religious freedom granted by the French made it possible for the Protestant parishes of Cologne to celebrate their services in public. Until then, the services either had to be held in secret, or they had to move to Mülheim in Berg or Jülichsche Frechen . The French offered the Cologne Protestants some of the former Catholic monastery churches in 1802, choosing the Antoniterkirche. Some of the former monastery buildings also belonged to the takeover on August 6, 1802.
In the years 1802–1805, the church was rebuilt under the direction of Ferdinand Franz Wallraf for the needs of Protestant worship. Among other things, some pillars were removed, galleries in the side aisles and in the west were built and a pulpit altar was built. When it reopened as a Protestant church on Rogate Sunday, 1805 , the relatively small church accommodated around 800 people.
Towards the end of the 19th century, Cologne's evangelical community owned several larger and representative churches, such as the Trinity Church . Therefore, the crowded narrowness of the Antoniterkirche was ended by a further renovation, taking into account monument preservation aspects: The side galleries were removed again, as was the pulpit altar, which had largely blocked the view of the Gothic choir.
post war period
On May 31, 1942, an air raid largely destroyed the church. According to Ferdinand Franz Wallraf's plans for the reconstruction at the time, the reconstruction took place in 1946–1952 under the architect Georg Eberlein. A new entrance area with an organ gallery was built in the west, while the rest of the church was rebuilt, including the parts that were still standing. Further construction work only served the renovation and conservation of the building. On May 18, 1952, a service could be celebrated again for the first time. Federal President Theodor Heuss attended the re-inauguration .
The roof turret was erected in 1954 and the west facade had to be rebuilt from 1961–1964 because of the directly adjacent construction of the north-south drive . In 1979/1980 the interior was given the true-to-original color scheme of the Middle Ages. In 1994/1996 the masonry of the longitudinal facade was renewed and in 2006 the westwork was renovated. In 2011 the lighting and electrical wiring were extensively renovated.
Furnishing
Before and during the French occupation of Cologne, almost all medieval furnishings were removed from the church. Some of them were saved from destruction by the Boisserée brothers and sold, for example the legend of the holy hermit Antonius and donor to the Alte Pinakothek (inventory no. WAF 452), ascribed to the younger master of the holy clan .
With the exception of the crucifixion of 1520/1530, the colored windows were destroyed in the war. For the re-consecration in 1952, church builder Georg Eberlein created the sealed windows in the chancel, which were destroyed in the World War, and which refer to the first Protestant parishes in Cologne and the surrounding area. They show from left to right the seal of the High German Reformed Congregation, the Lutheran Congregation Cologne, the Uniate Congregation on the left, on the right hand side from left to right the seal of the Reformed Congregation Frechen, the Old Cologne Church Seal and the seal of the Walloon Reformed Evangelical Community of Cologne. The windows on the ground floor of the side aisles are by Alois Plum from 1966/67.
Romanesque font
The Antoniterkirche originally did not have a baptismal font because as a mendicant order church it did not have the baptismal rights of a parish church. This only changed when it became a Protestant parish church. The Romanesque baptismal font installed today in the south aisle is a work from the Lower Rhine-Meuse region made of Naumur bluestone from the 12th century. On the sides there are four corner heads that represent mythical creatures. The baptismal font was made available to the Protestant community by the Museum Schnütgen from its holdings. Its original origin is not exactly clear.
.jpg)
Barlach artwork
The Antoniterkirche has three pieces of equipment by Ernst Barlach .
The most outstanding work of art is the sculpture Der Schwebende in the northern side chapel , which many consider to be Ernst Barlach's main work. This is a second cast of the sculpture from 1927, the original of which was melted down by the National Socialists in Güstrow Cathedral as " degenerate art ". In 1952, for the rededication of the Antoniterkirche, the sculpture was hung in the church and a third casting was given back to the Güstrow cathedral community in 1953. The figure bears the facial features of the artist Käthe Kollwitz . The figure hangs over a stone slab with the years of the First World War and the years of National Socialist rule from 1933 to 1945.
On the occasion of a fundamental renovation of the church in 2011, Barlach added two other works of art: the crucifix II , which is mounted in the north aisle above the baptismal font and the teaching Christ , who is positioned opposite the crucifix II .
organ
The organ of the Antoniterkirche was built in 1969 by the organ building company Willi Peter . The instrument has 45 registers ( slider drawers ) on three manuals and a pedal . The actions are electric. It was inaugurated again on March 3, 2013 after extensive restoration, replacement of the gaming table and expansion by eight registers and Zimbelstern .
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-
Couple
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Sub-octave coupling: I / I, II / I, III / II, III / I, III / III
- Super octave coupling: III / I, III / III, P / P
- Effect register: Zimbelstern, wind throttle
- Playing aids : 256-fold setting system , crescendo roller
Bells
Up until the Second World War, two bells from 1771 by master Martin Legros, who was very busy in the Cologne area, hung in the roof turret . During the war, the bells and the roof turrets burned. In 1956, three bells from the Rincker bell and art foundry in Sinn (357 kg; tones d ″, e ″ and g ″) were hung in the newly erected roof turret.
In view of the numerous church services in the community, a new, more extensive ringing of six bells was designed. In October 2015 the two smaller bells were cast by the Eifeler bell foundry Mark in Brockscheid and hung in the roof turret in January 2016; These two bells allude in their size and design to the bells from 1771: The Marien and Michaelsglocke bears reliefs of the so-called Stalingrad Madonna and St. Michael of Coventry . On the Antonius bell there is a relief of St. Poured into Anthony the Great .
In July 2017, the four larger bells were cast in the Eifel bell foundry, and a new bell cage was built to accommodate them in the westwork.
|
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Mass (kg, approx.) |
∅ (mm) |
Chime |
inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Trinity (festival bell) |
2017 | 810 | 1020 | b 1 | Shoulder: + GLORIA PATRI ET FILIO ET SPIRITV SANCTO + / + SICVT ERAT IN PRINCIPIO ET NVNC ET SEMPER ET IN SAECVLA SAECVLORVM + AMEN + bell coat: SANCTVS DEVS / SANCTVS FORTIS / SANCTVS IMMORTALIS MISERERE NOBIS |
| 2 |
Christ (Sunday bell) |
2017 | 440 | 860 | c 2 | Shoulder: + TV REX GLORIAE CHRISTE + TE ERGO QUAESVMVS TVIS FAMVLIS SVBVENI QVOS PRETIOSA SANGVINE EDEMISTI + / + AETERNA FAC CVM SANCTIS TVIS IN GLORIA NVMERARI + Bell sheath: CRVCEM LISVAMS ETVAMVAMS ETORAMVAMS ETORAMVS DOMINE VAMINE, ETORAMVS DOMINE |
| 3 | apostle | 2017 | 290 | 760 | of the 2nd | Shoulder: TE GLORIOSVS APOSTOLORVM CHORVS + TE PROPHETARVM LAVDABILIS NVMERVS + / + TE MARTYRVM CANDIDATVS LAVDAT EXERCITVS + |
| 4th | reformation | 2017 | 200 | 680 | it 2 | Shoulder: + PRO CHRISTO ERGO LEGATIONE FVNGIMVR TAMQVAM DEO EXHORTANTE PER NOS + / + OBSECRAMVS PRO CHRISTO RECONCILIAMINI DEO + bell coat: 500 YEARS OF REFORMATION 1517–2017 |
| 5 |
St.-Marien-and-Michael (Aveglocke) |
2015 | 163 | f 2 | Shoulder: MARIAE MATRI VIRGINI + MICHAELI ANGELORVM PRINCIPE east side: ET VERBVM CARO FACTVM EST / ALLELVWA west side: IN PARADISVM DEVCANT TE ANGELI Wolm, all around: created in 1771 by Martin Legros + destroyed in 1942 + rebuilt in 2015 for the glory of God |
|
| 6th |
St. Antonius (Horenglocke) |
2015 | 123 | as 2 | Shoulder: ANTONIO ABATI SANCTO DOMVS PROTECTORI, below : VOX CLAMANTIS IN DESERTO Wolm, all around: created by Martin Legros in 1771 + destroyed in 1942 + re-created in 2015 for the glory of God |
In addition to the bell for church services, the daily chime and the bell for the Mount of Olives prayer and the hour of Christ's death on Thursday evening and Friday afternoon, every Saturday at 5 p.m. on Sunday the bells of St. Apostles and St. Peter (Parish Association Church (s) am Neumarkt ) ushered in at the ecumenical level.
Officials and worship services
The city church pastor of the Antoniterkirche was held by Bertold Höcker until October 2009 , who is now superintendent of the church district of Berlin Stadtmitte. The vacancy representative Markus Herzberg was elected as his successor by the presbytery on September 3, 2010 . The city church work is carried out by the Evangelical Congregation Cologne and the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region (formerly City Church Association Kön). The current church musician is church music director Johannes Quack .
Since the Evangelicals in Cologne were again allowed to hold public services from 1802, Reformed and Lutheran believers celebrated together. As a rule, the divine service was held alternately by Lutheran and Reformed pastors - in the Antoniterkirche, church union was already practiced from 1805, despite differences that still existed until 1973 , before it was practiced in 1817 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. was proclaimed.
This tradition continues to this day: the services at the Antoniterkirche alternately follow the Reformed, the Uniate or the Lutheran tradition, so that the three main traditions of German Protestantism are represented. On Sundays the congregation celebrates divine service at 10 a.m. with Last Supper, mostly in the form of the Lutheran mass , and another service at 6 p.m. In addition, services are celebrated on many of the feast days listed in the liturgical calendar. From Monday to Friday the 10-minute prayer takes place at 6 p.m. On the third Tuesday of every month at 6 p.m., the ecumenical church services for the unconsidered are dedicated to the deceased who were buried by the city of Cologne without a separate celebration. This happens annually with St. Apostles . Other forms of worship are the ecumenical evening prayers on the last Sunday of the month at 6 p.m. and the healing services, which are offered three to four times during the church year. The Saturday Night Fever series is aimed specifically at “gays, lesbians and friends” and takes place around once every quarter on Saturdays in the form of an evening service with Last Supper.
From 1968 the Political Night Prayer took place in the Antoniterkirche . As a follow-up event, the series was under Pastor Kurt-Werner Pick City sermons established in which celebrities from culture and politics the sermon held - in addition to prominent theologians like Wolfgang Huber , Fulbert Steffensky , Peter Beier , Heinz Zahrnt , Dorothee Solle and Friedrich Schorlemmer about Hanns Dieter Hüsch , Alice Schwarzer , Norbert Blüm or Fritz Pleitgen .
The functions of the city church work are the Evangelical Information Office Cologne, the Evangelical Church Entry Point and the Café Stanton in the CityPavillon at the Antoniterkirche and the city tour program AntoniterCityTours . The CityPavillon, which opens to a wide audience, was built by the Cologne architect Ulrich Coersmeier.
In addition, from August 2012 two rooms in the church will be available as a scriptorium as part of a grant. In 2012 it was the Cologne crime writer Christina Bacher and the Cologne narrator Sabine Schiffner . Writing orders are not associated with the stay, participation in one or the other event is expected.
Church music
In 1948 the choir of the Antoniterkirche was founded by Wolfgang Auler . From 1952 to 1990 Karl Achilles directed the choir until Johannes Quack took office . In 2005 the choir was supplemented by an amateur orchestra. Also in 2005, Bertold Höcker founded the Oekumenische Choralschola Köln at the Antoniterkirche , which sings the Gregorian repertoire in Protestant services. For this purpose she uses the oldest accessible semiological manuscripts. Bertold Höcker was followed by Daniel Rösler as director of the Choralschola and later Manfred Loevenich. The Constant Chamber Choir at the Antoniterkirche under the direction of the university lecturer Harald Jers was formed in 2006. The Förderverein Kirchenmusik an der Antoniterkirche Cologne , chaired by the organist and music teacher Johannes Geffert, is dedicated to the long and rich tradition of church music activities well beyond the Antoniterkirche. Among other things, it sponsors the monthly Bach cantatas church services and the KirchenTöne series with 30 to 35 mostly free concerts annually.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Antoniterkirche receives cross of nails from Coventry (domradio.de, February 21, 2016)
- ↑ Baptism entry for Freya von Moltke, née Deichmann, in the baptismal register of the Antoniterkirche. ( Memento of the original from January 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Colonia Romanica, X (1995), pp. 63-64.
- ↑ Antoniterkirche closed. Renovation work is expected to last until November. Kölner Rundschau from July 27, 2011.
- ^ Heinrich Trebbin: The painting of the Antonius legend from Cologne . In: Antoniter Forum . 9, 2001, pp. 70-82.
- ^ Colonia Romanica X (1995), p. 65.
- ↑ Film about the Barlach angel in the Antoniterkirche on YouTube .
- ↑ Information on the Barlach artworks on the Antoniterkirche homepage
- ↑ Information on the organ , accessed on December 29, 2015.
- ↑ Edmund Renard: From old Rhenish bells. Communications of the Rhine. Association for Monument Preservation and Heritage Protection, 12/1. Düsseldorf 1918, p. 70.
- ↑ Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region: Cologne Antoniterkirche will in future have a six-part bell. Article on kirche-koeln.de from December 21, 2015 ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Information about the new bells on the Antoniterkirche page
- ↑ Detlev Prößdorf: 200 years of free evangelical preaching - a little foray through the Protestant history of Cologne. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ↑ Official website for church services at the AntoniterCityKirche
- ↑ Kurt-Werner Pick (ed.): Faith in the city. City sermons at the Antoniterkirche Cologne. Quell, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-7918-1428-1 .
- ↑ Engelbert Broich: In a "good city you walk with a springy step on swinging streets" - Fritz Pleitgen gave the city sermon in the Antoniterkirche. Article on kirche-koeln.de from December 19, 2005 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Evangelical Church Entry and Information Office Cologne , accessed on July 11, 2018.
- ↑ Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region: 5 years CityPavillon Antoniterkirche: Experience of God's closeness and human warmth in the shadow of a department store , Rahmann ( Memento of the original from January 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 19, 2013
- ^ Homepage of the Ecumenical Choralschola Cologne at the Antoniterkirche
literature
- Helmut Fußbroich: Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. Edited by Günter A. Menne and Christoph Nötzel. J. P. Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7616-1943-8 .
- Hiltrud Kier: The Protestant Cologne. The churches until 1939. Photographs by Celia Körber-Leupold. Bachem, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-7616-1639-2 .
- Kurt-Werner Pick (ed.): Faith in the city. City sermons at the Antoniterkirche Cologne. Quell, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-7918-1428-1 .
- Barlach's angel. Voices to the Cologne floating. Edited by Antje Löhr-Sieberg and Annette Scholl with the assistance of Anselm Weyer. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-7743-0481-9 .
Web links
- Internet presence of the AntoniterCityKirche in Cologne
- Ernst Barlach's “Der Schwebende” in the Antoniterkirche Cologne - illustrated radio feature from DomRadio Cologne and the AntoniterCityTours on YouTube ; Retrieved December 29, 2011.
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 10.7 " N , 6 ° 57 ′ 11.4" E