Evangelical Church in Cologne

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The Evangelical Church in Cologne has had the right to celebrate church services within the city since 1802. Today it includes 39 parishes in four church districts that belong to the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland . According to the Statistical Yearbook of the City of Cologne, 16.9% of the city's population committed to the Protestant faith in 2009.

Evangelical Church Cologne

Cologne, Trinity Church

Protestant movements were strongly suppressed within the city of Cologne. In 1520 Martin Luther's writings were burned. In 1529 Peter von Fliesteden and the Bergische preacher Adolf Clarenbach were executed in the area of ​​today's Melaten cemetery because of their Protestant faith. The Anabaptist community active in Cologne could only work underground. An exception was the term of office of the evangelically oriented Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied . For example, Menno Simons was able to work relatively freely in Cologne between 1544 and 1546. As early as 1566, however, the Anabaptist teacher Mathias Zerfaß was denounced, tortured and burned with the participation of many spectators. The martyr's song Many had pity still reminded of him today. In 1558 the Mennonite preacher Thomas von Imbroich was tortured and beheaded. Nevertheless, four churches were founded early on, which were later combined in the Evangelical Congregation of Cologne : the Dutch Reformed (consistorial protocols received from 1571), the French Reformed (names of some preachers from the period from 1576 to 1605 known), the German -reformed (probably from 1572) and the German-Lutheran congregation (verifiably from 1575). Some of the parishioners were given pastoral care by pastors from Mülheim . 1586–1587 Philipp Nicolai was secretly a Protestant pastor in Cologne. Official Protestant church services could only take place outside of the then urban area. From 1583, the city council even denied the Protestants burial within the city walls. This means that the oldest Protestant burial site is also located at the gates of what was then the city: After the Thirty Years' War, Protestant Christians were able to bury their deceased in the so-called Geusen cemetery, about 1.5 kilometers from the city wall, i.e. in the area of ​​the Electorate of Cologne. This cemetery was jointly bought, used and financed by Reformed and Lutherans.

Even when Emperor Joseph II granted Protestants the privilege of building their "own Beth, school and preacher's house" in 1788, this was prevented by the Cologne Catholics.

This only changed when the French revolutionary troops marched in in 1794.

Evangelical Congregation Cologne

Commemorative plaque in Schildergasse for the first official Protestant church service in Cologne city area
Antoniterkirche

On November 17, 1797, the Protestants received full citizenship. In the "Organic Articles", which came into force in April 1802, the Cologne Evangelicals - then consisting of around 650 Reformed and 160 Lutheran Christians - were granted the right to freely exercise their culture. Thus the Protestants were allowed to celebrate services within the city walls.

Reformed and Lutheran Protestants celebrated their first public service in Cologne on Sunday, Rogate , May 23, 1802, in the house of the brewers' guild in Schildergasse . As a result, the divine service was alternately held by Lutheran and Reformed pastors - in Cologne, despite differences that still existed in some cases until 1973, church union was already practiced before it was followed by Friedrich Wilhelm III. (Prussia) was proclaimed. In addition, the Evangelical Congregation of Cologne structured its church life with the Cologne church order of 1825, which was provided with a Lutheran, Reformed and unified seal, even before the Rhenish order of 1835, and here, too, acted as a model for the entire Evangelical Church in the Prussian area.

The first elected Lutheran pastor of the community was Christian Gottlieb Bruch in 1803 , the grandfather of the composer Max Bruch , and Friedrich Wilsing was the first Reformed pastor. The Evangelical Congregation received the Antoniterkirche from the French city administration, which after some renovations could be put into evangelical service in 1805.

After Cologne became Prussian in 1815 , the parishes belonged to the Evangelical Church in Prussia and its Rhenish provincial church . In 1826 the Cologne congregations officially united to form the Evangelical Congregation Cologne, the mother congregation of the left bank of the Rhine in Cologne city area, which became independent from the second half of the 19th century, i.e. the Evangelical congregations Deutz (became independent in 1857), Ehrenfeld (1878), Nippes (1881), Lindenthal (1888) and Bayenthal (1898), which in turn became mother communities of other communities. The Protestant congregations in Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine do not have the congregation in Cologne as their mother congregation, but the one in Mülheim. Here, in the Duchy of Berg , the Protestants were allowed to build their own churches at the beginning of the 17th century. However, the Lutheran church in Mülheim was destroyed at the beginning of the Thirty Years War. A new building fell victim to the great Rhine flood of 1784. Nevertheless, the Mülheim Peace Church, completed in 1786, is the oldest Protestant church in what is now Cologne's urban area.

The following decades are characterized by a growing self-confidence of the evangelical Cologne. The economically strong upper class in Cologne was increasingly being recruited from a formerly oppressed minority. As the Evangelical Church in Cologne grew, the Antoniterkirche became too small, which is why the Evangelical Church was considering a new building. Also Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Stepped in to the debate. The result was the Trinity Church, consecrated in 1860, near the Heumarkt. This is a representative church that was planned as a Protestant counterpart to the large Romanesque churches and the cathedral , which is about to be completed . Today it is used as a cultural church by the Evangelical Church Association of Cologne and Region and is no longer a parish church.

The next new building was the Christ Church in 1894 as part of the expansion of the Cologne Neustadt around the Cologne Rings , which was, among other things, the preaching place of Carl Jatho . As the fifth Protestant church, the Luther Church was inaugurated on Sunday Rogate, May 20, 1906.

In 1913, the Kreuzkirche in Machabäerstraße was inaugurated, which today serves as a youth hostel.

In 1928, in exchange with St. Pantaleon (Cologne) , the Evangelical Congregation received the dilapidated site of the former Carthusian monastery, where the "red pastor" Georg Fritze worked. The presbytery of the Evangelical Congregation in Cologne allowed a woman, Ina Gschlössl , to start a vicariate here for the first time in 1927 - although this was revised again in the same year.

In 1964 the Jeremiahaus in Mozartstrasse was inaugurated, which has since been given up.

The nucleus of the Thomaskirche on Neusser Wall / Lentstrasse is a parish hall with an adjoining rectory, which was built in 1968. The church itself wasn't finished until 1987.

An old Lutheran congregation split off

The Old Lutheran Church on Pantaleonswall 1900

In the middle of the 19th century there was an increased influx of Lutheran merchants from southern Germany to Cologne. When the Lutheran merchant August Wilhelm Riemer from Nuremberg settled in Cologne in 1841, he did not find his own Lutheran congregation within the Uniate Evangelical Cologne. He and others found the services to be too Calvinist and with a different understanding of the Lord's Supper than, for example, in the Lutheran Church in Franconia . So Riemer and like-minded believers began to celebrate Lutheran house services. Finally, a congregation was formed with Düsseldorf Lutherans, which was officially recognized on August 8, 1851. The community joined the Old Lutheran Church in Prussia and was able to consecrate a neo-Gothic church on the Pantaleonswall on August 5, 1900. This was destroyed to the ground during the Second World War . The new St. John's Church was consecrated there on the 3rd Advent in 1952. Today the congregation belongs to the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church .

Expansion beyond the Evangelical Community of Cologne

Christ Church Cologne in 1895

With the growth of the suburbs and the construction of the Neustadt from 1880, when Cologne had a Protestant mayor for the first time in Hermann Heinrich Becker , new Protestant churches were also built there. As the first new building after the general freedom of religion on the right bank of the Rhine, the St. John's Church was built in 1859 to 1861 in the then still independent Deutz . It followed: 1876 Friedenskirche ( Ehrenfeld ); 1880 Presbyter Church ( lime , not rebuilt after being destroyed in the war); 1889 Luther Church ( Nippes ); 1894 Christ Church (Neustadt, 1200 seats); 1895 Luther Church ( Mülheim , built as an emergency church after being destroyed in the war); 1901 Evangelical Church in Lindenthal ; 1905 Reformation Church ( Marienburg ); 1906 Luther Church (Neustadt). New congregations were founded. The congregations in today's urban area of ​​Cologne and the surrounding area are mainly derived from two mother congregations: on the one hand from the Evangelical Congregation Cologne, from the one on the left bank of the Rhine the Evangelical Church Community Ehrenfeld (1878), the Evangelical Church Congregation Nippes (1881), the Evangelical Church Community Lindenthal (1898) and the Evangelical Church Community of Bayenthal (1899) grew. On the other hand, the Evangelical Parish Mülheim, the mother parish of the parishes on the right bank of the Rhine. From it emerged: the Evangelical Church Community Bergisch Gladbach (1775), the Evangelical Church Community Deutz / Poll (1857), the Evangelical Church Community Kalk (1877), the Evangelical Church Community Porz (1909), the Evangelical Church Community Dellbrück-Holweide (1913), the Evangelical church community Flittard / Stammheim (1957), the Evangelical church community Dünnwald (1964), the Bodelschwingh church community Höhenhaus (1968) and the Evangelical church community Buchforst-Buchheim (1968). From these parishes, further splits arose. The parishes of Brühl (1855), Frechen (1568), Volberg (1564) and Delling (1672) have their own history, from which some new parishes arose.

In 1923, the Evangelical Community of Cologne acquired the site of the former Carthusian monastery with the Carthusian Church from the state . This is where the House of the Evangelical Church was built, an evangelical administration and training center for the Cologne region, the seat of today's Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region . In 2011, construction began for the Diakonisches Werk Cologne and Region, which will move from Brandenburger Strasse behind Cologne Central Station to the house of the Evangelical Church.

The evangelical Christians in Cologne also got involved in the diaconal area. To this day, there are two evangelical hospitals as well as numerous kindergartens in socially disadvantaged areas that are sponsored by the Diakonisches Werk and numerous daycare centers and family centers are sponsored by the parishes. As well as various senior centers in diaconal and community sponsorship. The Diakonie Michaelshoven , founded after the Second World War, is one of the largest diaconal institutions in the regional church.

The Evangelical Church in Cologne at the time of National Socialism

Like the majority of Protestants in Germany, the Evangelical Community of Cologne (at that time under the name "Alt-Köln") welcomed the National Socialists. After the church elections of 1933, the German Christians (DC) set the tone in the presbytery of the Evangelical Community of Cologne and in almost all other parishes in the Cologne area . The only exceptions were the municipalities of Mülheim, Cologne-Kalk, Cologne-Riehl and Cologne-Nippes. As early as April 30, 1933, Gürzenich in Cologne was the venue for a Gau conference of German Christians. Gauleiter of Cologne was Heinz Lauterbach. The Hitler Youth uniform quickly became a recognized confirmation costume. The socialist Pastor Georg Fritze acted as an exception, who advocated that the church should be politically neutral in itself, but appeared in public as an SPD member and also fought against National Socialist interference in church affairs. In 1938 he was finally removed from his parish at the Carthusian Church because he refused to take an oath of loyalty to the "Führer", which the party did not demand, but the church leadership. It took longer, but today people like to remember the belligerent Protestants. At his place of work, the Carthusian Church in Cologne, a memorial plaque was installed in the courtyard of the cloister in 1981, which reminds of Fritze. In addition, there is a sculpture by Georg Fritze on the Cologne town hall tower, which was donated by the Evangelical Community of Cologne. In memory of the pastor, the Evangelical Church District Cologne-Mid-1981 brought the "Pfarrer-Georg-Fritze-Gedächtnisgabe" into being, which since then honors people and groups who stand up for the victims of dictatorship and violence every two years. In Cologne-Seeberg, a side street to Karl-Marx-Allee was christened Georg-Fritze-Weg.

The side aisle of the Antoniterkirche 1940

At the Antoniterkirche , the altar in the north aisle was prepared as a war memorial site during the Second World War and a large swastika flag was hung over the altar instead of an antependium . The work of art Der Schwebende by Ernst Barlach is located on the site of this altar . Since 1927, Ernst Flatow , who had been awarded the Iron Cross in the First World War , a baptized Jew who had conducted an intensive Bible study to study Protestant theology, was active in the Evangelical Community of Cologne-Ehrenfeld as vicar and finally as assistant preacher. From 1928 he was a Protestant pastor for the hospitals on the left bank of the Rhine in the city of Cologne. In 1933 he was released by the city, which the Protestant Church did not protest against. Flatow finally went to Lobetahl near Berlin, from where he was deported to the Warsaw ghetto in 1942, where he died that same year while the ghetto wall was being built. In 2009 the parish of Ehrenfeld laid the foundation stone for a new community center, which bears the name Ernst Flatow House . In the Evangelical Congregation of Cologne-Nippes, Julio Goslar, a baptized Jew, had worked as an organist at the Luther Church since 1914. Because of his origin, he was removed from office in 1936 by the presbytery. He managed to go underground and in 1945 to resume his office in the community.

Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region

Kartäuserkirche Cologne: the adjoining former monastery area is today the "House of the Evangelical Church", the seat of the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region
Friedenskirche Mülheim, oldest Protestant church in Cologne city area
Calm President Manfred Kock, former city superintendent of the Evangelical City Church Association Cologne (today: Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region) and EKD Chairman, in summer 2005

With the end of the Second World War, there were large streams of refugees in West Germany from the mostly traditionally Protestant eastern regions of Germany. This led to a second big wave of expansion of the Evangelical Church in Cologne and several parishes. After the old preaching sites were rebuilt, the Evangelical Congregation in Cologne therefore built new churches and parish halls. In 2006 there were 39 Protestant congregations with 81 preaching sites in the city.

After the Second World War, the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland emerged from the Prussian provincial church . In April 1934 the "General Association of Evangelical Churches in Cologne" was founded with the task of collecting the church taxes of the Evangelical communities in the association area centrally and then distributing them in solidarity. Until then, the church tax was still levied by the individual parishes, which led to very different revenues. The general association made sure that the imbalance that communities with poorer residents had to pay higher contributions in order to be able to perform the community tasks was eliminated. The growth of the congregations meant that the church district of the General Association of Evangelical Churches in Cologne became too large. In 1817 there were 7 parishes with 9 pastors and 3,500 parishioners, in 1933 19 parishes with 38 parishes and 172,000 parishioners and in 1964 finally 48 parishes with 110 parish posts and 420,000 parishioners! This in turn led to its division in 1964 and the formation of four independent Protestant church districts in Cologne and the surrounding area: Cologne-Mitte, -Nord, -Rechtsrheinisch and -Süd, which belong to the Rheinische Landeskirche. At the same time, the four Cologne church districts formed again in 1964 to form the Evangelical City Church Association of Cologne, which today takes account of the fact that congregations outside the city are also included and thus bears the name of the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region . Its task is the performance of supra-congregational tasks. The Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region currently maintains the following offices and institutions: Office for Hospital Pastoral Care, Office for Press and Communication, Christian-Muslim Encounters, Diakonisches Werk Cologne and Region, Evangelical Advice Center for Children, Young People and Adults, Evangelical Deaf Pastoral Care Cologne, Evangelical Information Center at the Antoniterkirche , Evangelical Auditing Office Cologne-Bonn-Hessen, Evangelical Pastoral Care at the Prison, Evangelical Telephone Pastoral Care Cologne, Protestant Youth Parish Office, Fire Brigade and Emergency Pastoral Care Cologne, Women's Department Cologne, Community Foundation Diakonie in the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region, Wiesengrund House, MAV - employee representative, Melanchthon Academy, music in the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region, ecumenism in the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region, school department and pastor's office for vocational colleges Cologne, association administration. In 2011, the Evangelical Church Association of Cologne and Region consisted of 57 parishes. At the end of 2010, the association had 293,088 parish members.

The Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region has the largest number of members in the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland and is now the only association made up of church circles - it is therefore unique. The four church districts also include parishes outside the actual area of ​​the city of Cologne, currently in the cities of Bedburg, Bergheim, Bergisch Gladbach, Brühl, Elsdorf, Erftstadt, Frechen, Hürth, Kerpen, Kürten, Lindlar, Odenthal, Pulheim, Rösrath and Wesseling, and partially in Bornheim, Nörvenich, Overath and Wipperfürth. Due to the special history of the Protestants in Cologne, the oldest parishes of the association are not located in the Cologne city area: Protestants have been recorded in Frechen since 1540, so that the Evangelical parish of Frechen is the oldest evangelical parish in the Cologne area. The oldest dedicated Protestant church building in the area of ​​the Evangelical Church Association of Cologne and Region is also located here: the tower of the Evangelical Church in Frechen (although the history of the Evangelical Church in Volberg goes back to the year 893, it was therefore not built specifically for Protestant worship. The gallery hall of the church in its current appearance dates from 1788). When the pastor and all parishioners converted to the Protestant faith together in 1564, this was the founding date of the Protestant parish in Volberg. Protestants have been chartered in Mülheim since 1610 - although there was a Reformed and a Lutheran congregation here until the church union in 1826. Today's Delling congregation was founded in 1613 as a Protestant congregation - although it has since been banned several times.

The Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region is organized on a grassroots basis. The decision-making power lies with the individual parishes and their presbyteries. However, they delegate some powers to higher levels. The next higher level is the district synod, quasi the church parliament of the church district. Each of the four Evangelical Church Districts in Cologne and the surrounding area is headed by a Superintendent. The city superintendent is elected from among these four people, who is always also superintendent of a Cologne church district. He is elected by the association representation, quasi the church parliament at association level. The first city superintendent of the City Church Association of Cologne and Region was Hans Encke . His successors include Ernst-Heinz Bachmann , Werner Müller, Kurt Röhrig , Manfred Kock , Karl Schick and Ernst Fey . Since November 2008 Rolf Domning has been city ​​superintendent of the Evangelical Church Association of Cologne and Region.

German Evangelical Church Days 1965 and 2007 in Cologne

Special stamp with the logo of the 1965 Evangelical Church Congress in Cologne

Evangelical Church Days were held in Cologne in 1965 and 2007 . The motto of the 12th Evangelical Church Congress in 1965 was "To exist in freedom". For the first time Richard von Weizsäcker was President of the Kirchentag . The event took place mainly in the Cologne fair on the right bank of the Rhine . From July 28 to August 1, the speakers included the sociologist Max Horkheimer , the later Prime Minister and Federal President Johannes Rau , Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Karl Rahner . Lotte Lenya appeared at a Bertolt Brecht evening . Federal Chancellor Ludwig Erhard appeared at the meeting on the north field . The most important contributions were the speeches by Ulrike Meinhof during the discussion Phantasie für Gott. Church services in a new form as well as the church lecture is also outside the church by Dorothee Sölle .

The motto of the 31st German Evangelical Church Congress from June 6th to 10th, 2007 was "Lively and strong and sharper". Participants included Chancellor Angela Merkel , Chancellor Thomas de Maizière , Interior Minister Wolfgang Schäuble , Bishop Margot Käßmann , Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Muhammad Yunus , South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu , Chairman of the German Bishops' Conference Karl Cardinal Lehmann and many others.

Main article German Evangelical Church Congress 2007

The political night prayer

From 1968 the presbytery of the Evangelical Congregation Cologne, against the express resistance of the regional church in the person of President Joachim Beckmann, allowed a group around Dorothee Sölle , Fulbert Steffensky , Marie Veit and Klaus Schmidt to hold their event series Political Night Prayer in the Antoniterkirche (Cologne) .

literature

  • Evangelical Congregation Cologne (ed.): 150 years of free proclamation of the gospel in Cologne. Festival book of the Evangelical Congregation Cologne for the rededication of the Antoniterkirche on May 18, 1952. Self-published Cologne 1952.
  • Barbara Becker-Jákli : The Protestants in Cologne. The development of a religious minority from the middle of the 18th to the middle of the 19th century. Series of publications by the Association for Rhenish Church History 75. Rhineland-Verlag Cologne, 1983.
  • Barbara Becker-Jákli: Fear God, honor the king. Evangelical life in Cologne on the left bank of the Rhine 1850-1918 . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1988, ISBN 3-7927-0998-8 ( series of publications by the Association for Rhenish Church History. Volume 91).
  • Günther A. Menne, Christoph Nötzel (Hrsg.): Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007. ISBN 3-7616-1944-8 .
  • Hermann von Wied: Simple doubts. Reformation draft for the Archbishopric of Cologne from 1543. Translated and edited by Helmut Gerhards and Wilfried Borth. Düsseldorf: Press Association of the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, 1972 (series of publications by the Association for Rhenish Church History No. 43).
  • Rudolf Löhr: Protocols of the Dutch Reformed Congregation in Cologne 1651 - 1677 , 2 vols., Rheinland Verlag Düsseldorf: Cologne 1971
  • Hiltrud Kier: The Protestant Cologne. The churches until 1939. Photographs by Celia Körber-Leupold. Bachem, Cologne 2002. ISBN 3-7616-1639-2
  • Armin Beuscher, Asja Bölke, Günter Leitner, Antje Löhr-Sieberg & Anselm Weyer: AntoniterCityTours present: Melaten tells of Protestant life. A tour. Published by Annette Scholl on behalf of the Evangelical Community of Cologne . 2010, ISBN 978-3-942186-01-8
  • Wilma Falk-van Rees, Dietrich Grütjen, Annette Scholl (eds.): I know which ones I believe in. A tour of the evangelical cemetery in Cologne-Mülheim . Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-942186-00-1 .
  • Barlach's angel. Voices to the Cologne floating. Edited by Antje Löhr-Sieberg and Annette Scholl with the assistance of Anselm Weyer. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3774304819 .
  • Günter Leitner, Bernhard Buddeberg: I know that my Redeemer lives - A tour of the evangelical Geusenfriedhof in Cologne . Ed .: Evangelical Congregation Cologne. Cologne 2007.
  • Anselm Weyer: Ina Gschlössl. The dream of the parish office . Cologne 2010 ( ISBN 978-3942186025 )
  • Silke Lechner, Christoph Urban: German Evangelical Church Congress 2007 - Documents. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007, ISBN 3-579-00466-2
  • Nikolaus Schneider, Anne Schneider: lively, strong, sharper - experiences and thoughts on the biblical texts of the 31st Evangelical Church Congress in Cologne. Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2007, ISBN 3-7975-0162-5
  • Silke Lechner, Ellen Ueberschär: Lively and strong and sharper. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007, ISBN 3-579-00465-4
  • To exist in freedom. Experienced Kirchentag Cologne 1965. Published on behalf of the Presidium of the German Evangelical Church Congress by Carola Wolf, Gerhard Schnath and Hans-Joachim Beeg. Kreuz-Verlag Stuttgart 1965.
  • German Evangelical Church Congress Cologne 1965. Documents. Published on behalf of the Presidium of the German Evangelical Church Congress. Kreuz-Verlag Stuttgart 1965.
  • Klaus Schmidt: The rise of a minority - 500 years of Protestants in Cologne . Series: Church history regional, vol. 6. Lit-Verlag Münster 2016. ( ISBN 978-3-643-13361-8 )
  • Anselm Weyer: Liturgy from the left. Dorothee Sölle and the Political Night Prayer in the Antoniterkirche. Edited for the Evangelical Congregation in Cologne by Markus Herzberg and Annette Scholl. Greven Verlag Cologne, 2016. ( ISBN 978-3-7743-0670-7 )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the City of Cologne: Table 102 p. 21 (information on Catholic and Protestant denomination), .pdf document . Website of the city of Cologne. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
  2. ↑ Axel Bluhm (ed.): God's Word alone. Lectures, speeches, sermons and reflections on the occasion of the 450th anniversary of the death of the martyrs Adolf Clarenbach and Peter Fliesteden. Cologne 1981.
  3. ↑ Hans-Georg Link: The Reformation turn of a Cologne archbishop and its consequences. On the 450th anniversary of Hermann von Wied's death on August 15, 2002. kirche-koeln.de ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 77 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  4. ↑ Klaus Schmidt: Faith, power and freedom struggles. 500 years of Protestants in the Rhineland . Cologne 2007, p. 33 .
  5. ^ Rudolf Löhr: Protocols of the Dutch Reformed Congregation in Cologne 1651 - 1677 , 2 vols., Rheinland Verlag Düsseldorf: Cologne 1971.
  6. ^ Barbara Becker-Jákli : The Protestants in Cologne. The development of a religious minority from the middle of the 18th to the middle of the 19th century . Series of publications by the Association for Rhenish Church History 75. Rhineland-Verlag Cologne, 1983.
  7. ↑ http://www.antonitercitykirche.de/Geschichte.aspx Retrieved on October 16, 2011.
  8. ↑ Stefan Rahmann: 200 years of Protestant Antoniterkirche - three church services and an exhibition ( memento of the original from November 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website kirche-koeln.de. Retrieved May 4, 2005. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  9. ^ Günther A. Menne, Christoph Nötzel (ed.): Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, p. 56 ISBN 3-7616-1944-8 .
  10. ^ "New impulses in Cologne's economy through Protestant immigrants" - Lecture by Dr. Ulrich S. Soénius, September 29, 2002 at the annual reception of the Evangelical City Church Association in Cologne.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / alt.kirche-koeln.de  
  11. ^ Rolf Domning for the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region (Ed.): Toccata: 150 years of the Evangelical Trinity Church in Cologne; Inauguration of the Klais organ op.1643, Rheinbach 2010, ISBN 978-3-87062-110-0
  12. ^ Matthias Pesch: Kreuzkirche becomes an inn. . Kölner Stadtanzeiger website from February 12, 2009. Accessed December 04, 2017.
  13. ^ A b c Günther A. Menne, Christoph Nötzel (ed.): Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007. ISBN 3-7616-1944-8 .
  14. ↑ Evangelical Congregation Cologne (ed.): Thomashaus. A gift for parishioners and friends of the house on the occasion of the inauguration of the church. Self-published, Cologne 1987.
  15. ^ Pastor Albrecht Adam: 160 years of St. Johannis parish. In: Community letter of the Evangelical Lutheran St. Johannis Congregation Cologne-Bonn-Aachen , October-December 2011.
  16. ^ Günther A. Menne, Christoph Nötzel (ed.): Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, p. 56f.
  17. ^ Adolf Klein: Cologne in the Third Reich. Greven Verlag: Köln, 1983, p. 195.
  18. ^ Resistance and persecution in Cologne 1933-1945. Exhibition by the Historical Archives of the City of Cologne, Cologne 1974, p. 257.
  19. ^ Adolf Klein: Cologne in the Third Reich. Greven Verlag: Köln, 1983, p. 194.
  20. ^ Adolf Klein: Cologne in the Third Reich. Greven Verlag Cologne 1983, p. 196ff. ( ISBN 3-7743-0206-5 )
  21. ^ Homepage of the Carthusian Church in Cologne on the work of Georg Fritze.
  22. ↑ List of the winners of the Georg Fritze Memorial Gift on the homepage of the Carthusian Church in Cologne, the place where Georg Fritze worked ( Memento of the original from August 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kartaeuserkirche-koeln.de
  23. ^ Antje Löhr Sieberg / Annette Scholl (eds.): Barlachs Engel. Voices on the Cologne Floating , Cologne 2011, p. 31
  24. ^ Siegfried Kuttner (ed.): The Peace Church in Cologne-Ehrenfeld. Festschrift for the 120th anniversary , Cologne undated, p. 11f.
  25. ↑ Article on kirche-koeln.de ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  26. ↑ Helmut Fußbroich: The Lutheran Church Nippes , Cologne 1989, p. 5
  27. ↑ Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region (ed.): What is where? Interesting facts about the Evangelical Church in Cologne and the surrounding area. With texts by Anselm Weyer and Pastor Christoph Nötzel. Cologne 2009.
  28. ↑ Christoph Nötzel / Christian Parow-Souchon: Individuality and cohesion. From an underground church to the Evangelical Church Association in Cologne and the region. In: Günther A. Menne / Christoph Nötzel (ed.): Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, p. 23.
  29. ↑ Self-presentation of the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region ( Memento of the original from August 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  30. ↑ Offices and institutions of the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  31. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated August 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  32. ↑ www.kirche-koeln.de ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  33. ^ Map of the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region. ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  34. ^ Günther A. Menne, Christoph Nötzel (ed.): Evangelical churches in Cologne and the surrounding area. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, p. 247 ISBN 3-7616-1944-8 .
  35. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated August 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.evkirche-roesrath.de
  36. ↑ Self-presentation of the Evangelical Church Community Volberg ( Memento of the original from March 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.evkirche-roesrath.de
  37. ↑ Wilma Falk-van Rees (ed.): 400 years evangelical in Mülheim am Rhein. Rheinsberg 2010.
  38. ↑ Interview with the outgoing city superintendent Karl Schick on kirche-koeln.de ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  39. ↑ Page of the city superintendent of the Evangelical Church Association Cologne and Region ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de
  40. ↑ To exist in freedom. Experienced Kirchentag Cologne 1965. Published on behalf of the Presidium of the German Evangelical Church Congress by Carola Wolf, Gerhard Schnath and Hans-Joachim Beeg. Kreuz-Verlag Stuttgart 1965.
  41. ^ German Evangelical Church Congress Cologne 1965. Documents. Published on behalf of the Presidium of the German Evangelical Church Congress. Kreuz-Verlag Stuttgart 1965.
  42. ↑ Silke Lechner, Christoph Urban: German Evangelical Church Congress 2007 - Documents. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007, ISBN 3-579-00466-2
  43. ↑ Article on www.kirche-koeln.de ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-koeln.de