Philipp Nicolai

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Philipp Nicolai
Seal Philipp Nicolai

Philipp Nicolai (born August 10, 1556 in Mengeringhausen ; † October 26, 1608 in Hamburg ) was a Lutheran court preacher and pastor in Herdecke , Alt- Wildungen , Unna and Hamburg as well as a song writer.

Life

Philipp Nicolai was born in Mengeringhausen in 1556. He was a student of Ludwig Helmbold in Mühlhausen and then became a pastor in Herdecke . Here he was driven out by Spanish mercenaries during the Counter Reformation . He worked as a preacher for the Lutheran underground church in Catholic Cologne . In 1579 he lived for a short time with his brother Jeremias in the vacant monastery in Volkhardinghausen (today Bad Arolsen ). In the spring of 1587 he became a chaplain (second pastor) at the church in Nieder-Wildungen. In this capacity he held the vacant position of pastor from October 1587 to June 1588 (1st pastor). From October 1588 he officiated as court preacher and educator of Count Wilhelm Ernst von Waldeck in neighboring Alt-Wildungen. Since 1596 he was pastor in the Westphalian city of Unna in the county of Mark . On August 2, 1597, he gave the funeral sermon for Pastor Joachim Kerstin, who had an important role in the city ​​church in Unna for the Lutheran denomination and who had died of the plague . Nicolai had the gravestone in the church put: “O Creator! In this grave lies the intrepid watcher who drove the furious wolves out of this house of God, who brought the scattered sheep back and cleaned the church again and led his flock to pasture in a salvific worship service. ”The inscription closes in the hope“ that never that purified Unna, fall away from the faith ”. During this time of the plague Nicolai interrupted his campaign against the Reformed and in 1599 wrote the joyful mirror of eternal life . In this book he published his two famous hymns for the first time. How beautiful does the morning star shine and watch, the voice calls us .

From 1601 Nicolai worked as the main pastor at St. Katharinen in Hamburg, where he died in 1608. Georg Dedeken , who was a close friend of Nicolai, gave the funeral sermon and in 1617 published the writings that Nicolai had left behind.

He was a relentless defender of Lutheranism against the Roman Catholic and Calvinist churches , but at the same time a mediator of an inward mystical piety.

Commemoration

Protestant memorial day is October 25th .

Philipp Nicolai was the namesake for church buildings and parishes, u. a. the Nicolaikirche (Münster-Roxel) .

Works

The most detailed list of his writings can be found in the Lexicon of Hamburgischer Writers V, p. 526 ff. ( Digitized version )

  • Pacis pietatisque periclitatio (Latin poem with theological content), Wittenberg 1574, published under the name Philippus Nicolai Mengeringhusanus
  • Commentariorum de rebus antiquis Germanicarum gentium libri sex , 1580
  • Philippi Nicolai apud Herdecanos in Westphalia Verbi Ministri Fundamentorum Calvinianae sectae, cum veteribus Arianis & Nestorianis communium detectio. Qua Collatis Partium Argumentis, Neminem Christianorum Calvinianis adhaerere posse demonstratur, quin unam necessariam Arianismi & Nestorianismi suscipiat defensionem; Ad haec, Quemadmodum Ab Arianis & Nestorianis, procreatus est Mahumetism: ita eundem a Sacramentariis hodie, occulta haereseωn cognatione foveri, et sensim in montes Israelitarum attrahi. Verba Neuseri Apostatae. Qui scheduled sibi, ne incidat in Arianismum, caveat Calvinismum. (Des Philipp Nicolai, servant of the word among the Herdeckers in Westphalia, uncovering the common foundations of the Calvinian sect with the old Arians and Nestorians. By comparing the arguments of the parties, it is shown that none of the Christians can cling to the Calvinists without He thereby undertakes at the same time the defense of Arianism and Nestorianism. It is also shown that just as Mohammedanism was brought about by the Arians and Nestorians, so it is promoted by the Sacramentarians today through a hidden kinship with the heresy and gradually into the Mountains of the Israelites is being carried away. Words from Neuser, the apostate: “Anyone who fears to fall into Arianism, beware of Calvinism.”) Gruppenbachius, Tübingen 1586 (2nd edition Hamburg 1609) ( digitized ).
  • Disputatio De Duo bus anti Christi Prima Riis, Mahumete et Pontifice Romano, Cuius Propositions, deodorant Clementer adiuvante, praeside Aegidio Hunnio, Theologiae Doctore & Professore that 15 Augusti pro gradu Doctoreo in theology consequendo publice tuebitur Philip Nicolai Minister Verbi In Aula Ecclesiaque Wildungensi paleopolitanâ , Marburg 1590 ( digitized version ).
  • Theses de persona Christi, praedestinatione filiorum Dei, et libero arbitrio , Wittenberg dissertation 1594, authors: Hunnius, Aegidius; Mamphrasius, Wolfgangus; Runge, David; Nicolai, Philipp
  • Methodus controversiae de omniapraesentia Christi secundum naturam eius humanam; Additum est responsum breve… ad duos Antonii Sadeelis libellos, quorum priorim de Spirituali & alterum de Sacramentali manuducatione coporis Christi inscripsit , Frankfurt 1596
  • Short report from the Caluinists God and their religion Jn several questions and answers to all godly simple-minded people so ... weighed down and challenged against their conscience with such angry doctrine ... composed and put together: Sampt approached short form like a Christian ... home father his child and household for the same… Caluinismo… to warn and to prevent dauon , Hall 1597 ( digitized version ).
  • Necessary and completely perfect report of the whole Caluian religion outside of all other books and writings taken from H. Schrifft Refutation: Everything according to the order of the five chiefs of the Catechismi D. Lutheri ... written by Philippvm Nicolae, the H. Schrifft Doctorn and servants on Word of God to Vnna in Westphalen , Frankfurt a. M. 1597 ( digitized version ).
  • Historia deß Reichs Christi, That is: Thorough description of the miraculous expansion of strange happiness and certain specific times of the churches of Christ in the Neuwen Testament , Frankfurt a. M., Spies 1598 ( digitized version )
  • Mirror of joy of eternal life , Frankfurt a. M., 1599 ( digitized - written after the plague in Unna, it contains the texts and melodies of the chorales How beautifully the morning star shines (EG 70) and Wachet, the voice calls us (EG 147 and 535 with the Bach movement of the third verse "Gloria be sung to you") of today's Protestant hymn book included. Both songs are also in the Catholic Gotteslob included ( "Awake" no. 554, "How beautiful lights of the morning star" with slightly modified text no. 357). Johann Sebastian Bach used Nicolai's chorals for his cantatas, his chorale cantatas How beautifully the morning star lights up, BWV 1 and Wachet, the voice calls us, BWV 140 are based on them).
  • Mirror of the evil spirit that stirs in the Caluinist books, and briefly for a god because he is honored ... , Frankfurt 1599 ( digitized version ).
  • Abortion of the defenseless worthless and dung-rotten relief which the Caluinists at Unna, against the hammer blow, let go of the daily word in the controversial article of the Ubiquitet; In it the presence of our Lord and Heylandes Jesus Christ according to his human nature in heaven and on earth ... is proven ... by Philippum Nicolai the H. Schrifft Doctorn and servants on the word of God at Unna in Westphalia ... , Franckfurt am Mayn 1599
  • The first Victoria, triumph and jubilation, the bitter and much hated, but still praising God of exalted and invincible truth about the Calvinist spirit Niderlag; Inside, the Zurich preachers repeated miserable peeping chant, under the title: Handling of the blasphemy Philippi Nicolai, spewed out by an open truck, answered to the mercy and your lost dispute was presented to the Christian reader brightly and clearly , Frankfurt 1600 ( digital copy )
  • Responsibility of the Evangelical Churches in Hollandt / against the blasphemy of Petri Plancii the Calvinist preacher in Amsterdam and his consorts: Therein particularly the secret of heaven and the controversial ubiquity / as well as the difference between the Augsburg Confession / and the Calvinist religion thoroughly explained and [d ] is discovered , Hamburg 1603 ( digitized version ).
  • Freid response to D. Philippi Nicolai, Evangelical Preacher in Hamburg. On the lazy handling of D. Urbano Pierio, Calvinian preacher in Bremen / several days ago against the well-founded exam Examinis blown out in an open truck , Hamburg 1603 ( digitized ).
  • Foundation and correct explanation of the controversial article of the presence of our Säligmacher Jesus Christ according to both natures in heaven and on earth; To prevent the Calvin swarm and the right collection of pure truth in questions and answers, written by Philippum Nicolai , Hamburg 1604
  • Report of the Protestant Christians Resistance to Amsterdam in Hollandt; recently written to the strict Calvinist Petro Plancio there for information and to the troubled community for consolation and salutary manification , Hamburg 1604 ( digital copy ).
  • Theoria vitae aeternae or historical description of the whole mystery of eternal life , Lübeck and Hamburg 1606 ( digitized version ).
  • Of Christ Jesus the Bawm of Life and its Noble Fruits, A Christian Sermon on the Word of the Lord. Trousers. 14. I want to be like a green fir tree , Lüneburg, Hamburg 1607 ( digitized version ).
  • De Antichristo Romano Perditionis Filio, Philippi Nicolai Sacrae Theologiae Doctoris cum Loiolitana societate ... : Conflictus Primus, Hamburg 1609 ( digitized version ).
  • ... Theil, Aller Teutschen Schrifften, des weyland ... Mr. Philippi Nicolai ... of the Catharinae Church in Hamburgk well-deserved pastors: Which he not only had differently printed one after the other while he was still alive, but which were also found after his fatal departure .. .; 1 , Hamburg 1617 ( digitized version ).
  • ... Theil, Aller Teutschen Schrifften, des weyland ... Mr. Philippi Nicolai ... of the Catharinae Church in Hamburgk well-deserved pastors: Which he not only had differently printed one after the other while he was still alive, but which were also found after his fatal departure .. .; 2 , Hamburg 1617 ( digitized version ).
  • Chronologia sacra , Wreittoun, Edinburgum 1630
  • Follow beautiful chants by D. Philippi Nicolai and other pious Christians, never before in such a format, but printed too well for travelers: Many beautiful spiritual songs taken from the joyful mirror of eternal life by D. Philippum Nicolai , 1650 ( digitized ).
  • Hn. D. Philippi Nicolai Weyland Highly deserved pastor at the Church of S. Catharinen in Hamburg Answer to the question: Is the door of grace open to all sinners who bit of death? , Leipzig circa 1701 ( Online (PDF) PDF, 422 KB)

literature

Contemporary literature:

  • Anonymous: Horror of the ubiquitous hammer blow D. Philippi Nicolai Predigers zu Unna By several citizens there who do not comply with the Ubiquitet ... Siegen 1597 ( digitized version ).
  • Anonymous: Counter report Auff Philippi Nicolai disgraceful book, which he blew up this running 97th year in an open truck under the title Of the Calvinists God and their religion Ask and answer wise. Hubertus Scutteputaeus, Zurich 1597 ( digitized version ).
  • Anonymous: Abortion of the defenseless vain and dung-rotten relief which the Caluinists at Unna against the hammer blow of God let the daily word go out in the disputed article of the Ubiquitet: therein the presence of our Lord and Heylandes Jesus Christ according to his humanity Nature in heaven and on earth ... proven ... is made by Philippum Nicolai der H. Schrifft Doctorn and servants on the word of God in Unna in Westphalia ... Frankfurt 1599
  • Georg Dedeken: Christian trawr and lament sermon / About the saddened / However Christian and blessed Abscheidt / Deß residing venerable and highly learned Mr. / Philippi Nicolai, The H. Schrifft Doctoren and ... pastors of the churches of S. Catharinen in Hamburg / who the 26 October. of the 1608th year now running ... to fall asleep. Hamburg 1608 ( digitized version ).

Later literature:

Web links

Commons : Philipp Nicolai  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Philipp Nicolai  - Sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Bad Wildungen town archive, box bills 1586/87 to 1587/88, A 6.
  2. ↑ Willy Timm: History of the Protestant City Church Unna (= Kleine Hellweg Bücherei. Issue 3), 1959, p. 10; Willy Timm: Confessio Augustana and the Reformation in Unna . Unna 1980, p. 23; Friedrich Wilhelm Bauks: The beginnings of the Reformed Church in the county of Mark . In: Yearbook for Westphalian Church History Volume 84, 1990, p. 121 f.
  3. ↑ Jutta Braden: Dedeken, Georg . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 3 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0081-4 , p. 90 .
  4. ↑ Peter Zimmerling: Evangelical mysticism . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-525-57041-8 . Philipp Nicolai (1556–1608): Mystik und Eschatologie, pp. 58–61
personal data
SURNAME Nicolai, Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Lutheran pastor and song poet
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1556
PLACE OF BIRTH Mengeringhausen
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1608
Place of death Hamburg