Brill (Wuppertal)

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Wuppertal coat of arms
Brill (13)
district of Wuppertal
Location of the Briller Quarter in Wuppertal
Coordinates 51 ° 15 '30 "  N , 7 ° 7' 40"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 15 '30 "  N , 7 ° 7' 40"  E.
surface 1.22 km²
Residents 4523 (December 31, 2016)
Population density 3707 inhabitants / km²
Proportion of foreigners 8.3% (Dec. 31, 2016)
Incorporation 1929
Post Code 42115
prefix 02 02
Borough Elberfeld-West
Transport links
bus 601 613 619 649

NE1 NE2

Source: Statistics - spatial data
Castle-like villa in the street Am Buschhäuschen
Villa on Katernberger Strasse
Villa on Moltkestrasse

The Wuppertal city quarter Brill , usually called the Briller quarter , is an urban district in the Wuppertal district Elberfeld-West . The quarter is located on the eastern slope of the inner-city Nützenberg on the right lower reaches of the Briller Bach , which is now followed by Briller Straße as the eastern border of the quarter to the Elberfelder Nordstadt with the " Ölberg ".

The residential quarters include the locations and places of residence Am Brill , Brillerhöhe , Buschhäuschen , Hackland , Ottenbruch , Am Schaffstal and Schörren .

The southern part, designated by the monument protection authority as “Briller Viertel”, forms one of the largest Wilhelminian style villa areas in Germany. The city of Wuppertal is planning to combine the more than 245 listed buildings in the district into a common monument area.

Else Lasker-Schüler and Hans Knappertsbusch , among others, were born in the Brills area .

history

The Briller district was laid out between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as an upper-class residential area of ​​the then independent city of Elberfeld . The narrow valley area of ​​the Wupper had been settled in this area in several stages since the 18th century. This development originated in the expanding city of Elberfeld, which had become a European center of textile production and trade since the early 18th century. As a result of the continuing boom in this industry, the bottom of the valley in the late 19th century was marked by numerous textile and chemical factories as well as workers' accommodation. In early industrialization, the factory owners had mostly built their representative villas right next to their operations, but now the spatial confinement of the valley floor, the industrial exhaust fumes from the factories and the increased comfort requirements of the factory owners, who had developed an upper-class self-confidence in the meantime, made the construction of a villa district necessary . The quarter was deliberately placed on the eastern slope of the Nützenberg, as it was both close to a large green area ( Nützenbergpark ) including an observation tower ( Weyerbuschturm ) and in the shadow of the westerly wind that transported the industrial exhaust gases from the large chemical factories (including Bayerwerk ) .

The layout of the streets corresponds to the design ideas common at the time: curves in the course of the street are avoided where the topography allows. The streets form long straight axes that often allow wide views and often intersect at right angles. Central squares, often highlighted with monuments and horticultural design, are located at such intersections. The geometrical-axial street plan does not take into account the moving relief of the terrain, which is why the central access axis of the slope section (Sadowastraße) has extreme gradients. The development of the quarter consists of both detached villas and row houses. The predominant styles in the early phase are late and neo-classicism.

For the middle construction phase up to around 1905, eclectic styles dominate, which use elements of Neo-Gothic, Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque and sometimes combine them with one another. Since 1900, Art Nouveau ornamentation has appeared more and more frequently, but in its pure form it has hardly found favor. Since 1910, many villas have been built in the Bergisch Heimatstil, which during this time became popular in the entire Bergisch area, especially in villa construction and in public and sacred buildings. The well-known late Baroque Bergische style of construction (slated façades, white window frames and elaborate white wood-carved elements, tail gables and green shutters) is interpreted in a contemporary way. Often the lower floors are designed in a very matter-of-fact and restrained manner compared to the gable and roof landscape. Few buildings in the Briller Quarter were still being built in the twenties and thirties, as the quarter was soon completely expanded.

In the post-war period, larger pieces of land were occasionally divided and new buildings were built on them. Almost all of its architecture is of high quality, but hardly makes any reference to the older, detached villas. The trend towards the division of land and the densification of buildings in the district continues to this day and is sometimes highly controversial among residents. The huge listed villas cause high costs for the owners, which is perhaps one of the reasons for the parceling of the large gardens. However, due to its upscale character, the district is extremely popular in Wuppertal.

  • House in Sadowastraße where Else Lasker-Schüler grew up

  • Houses in Roonstrasse, u. a. Roonstrasse 41

  • House on Roonstrasse

  • Villa on Moltkestrasse

  • Villa on Sadowa Street

  • Street train on Roonstrasse

  • Street train on Katernberger Strasse

  • Villa in Viktoriastraße

See also

literature

  • Michael Magner: Wuppertal-Elberfeld: Briller Viertel and Nordstadt. Sutton Verlag, 2003, ISBN 978-3897025332 .
  • Hermann J. Mahlberg and Hella Nussbaum: Heinrich Metzendorf and his villas in the Rhineland. The lost castle in the Briller district and a rediscovered architect. Müller + Busmann 2016, ISBN 978-3941217102 .

Web links

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