Lichtenplatz

Lichtenplatz (59) ; District of Wuppertal
Coordinates	51 ° 14 '47 " N , 7 ° 11' 26" E Coordinates: 51 ° 14 '47 " N , 7 ° 11' 26" E
height	235- 350 m above sea level. NHN
surface	3.42 km²
Residents	4648 (December 31, 2016)
Population density	1359 inhabitants / km²
Proportion of foreigners	5.0% (Dec. 31, 2016)
Post Code	42285
prefix	0202
Borough	Barmen
Transport links
bus	620 630 640 646 CE61 CE62 NE6
	Source: Wuppertal statistics - spatial data

The Wuppertal residential quarter Lichtenplatz is one of ten quarters in the Barmen district in the Unterbarmen district . Due to its comparatively high topographical location, it is also referred to as Hochbarmen in older literature .

geography

Lichtscheid with the water tower, high-flyer of the L419, the former barracks area of the Colmar barracks, hardware stores and Vorwerk Autotec factory buildings

The 3.42 km² residential area is located on the southern heights of Wuppertal and, with Lichtscheid, has the highest point in the city (350 m above sea level). It is separated from the inner city areas in the valley by parts of the forest areas Kothener Busch and Christbusch . In the south and east it borders on the edge of the former training area Scharpenacken on the urban districts of Ronsdorf and Heckinghausen and in the west on Elberfeld . The most important rivers are the Murmelbach , Auer , Kothener and Bendahler Bach .

The development is mostly loose and consists mainly of one and two-family houses with a few rows of houses with multi-family houses along the main streets. In the area of Toelleturms is a residential area , to which the Vorwerk Park borders. The Lichtscheider water tower is the most striking structure.

One of the four Wuppertal barracks , the former Colmar barracks, has been converted into a business park and a new residential area since June 2008. In the police training institute one is using hundred of riot police stationed. The infrastructure includes a primary school and the former Bergische Sonne leisure pool . The head office of Barmer GEK and Vorwerk Autotec are the largest employers.

In the residential area there are the locations Böhlerfeld , Brassiepen , Dausendbusch , Domenjan , Heide , Kapellen , Lichtscheid and Marpe . The settlement areas Eich and Birken have gone.

history

The farms on Lichtscheid were first mentioned in a document in 1466 in a Beyenburg official invoice from the Beyenburg rentmaster . At that time, the three courtyards Wilhelms Lichtenscheid , Peters Lichtenscheid , Gockelsheid (later Heide location) and the Kotten Schafferts Kothe existed there . Other courtyards from this time in today's residential area were Capell ( chapels ). The immediately neighboring Buer ( Baur ) also existed at that time, but is now in the residential area of Ronsdorf-Mitte / Nord . In the Middle Ages, Baur had to pay taxes to the Steinhaus monastery and it is believed that the neighboring chapel was a former chapel for the monastic courtiers. To the east of Lichtscheid was the neighboring Marpe farm .

The eponymous residential area Lichtenplatz is first recorded in 1715 in the map series Topographia Ducatus Montani by Erich Philipp Ploennies as grauleitschütt . In 1789 he is on the Charter of the Duchy of Berg of the Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking first time as a light place named. The Lichtenplatz residential area was at the confluence of today's Wettinerstraße with Obere Lichtenplatzer Straße .

In 1815/16 there are 176 inhabitants. The place, categorized as a hamlet according to the statistics and topography of the Düsseldorf administrative district in 1832 , was called Lichtenplatz and at that time had 55 residential houses and 25 agricultural buildings. At that time 576 inhabitants lived in the place, 23 of them Catholic and 553 Protestant.

On today's Schliemannweg , in 1789, on the map of the Duchy of Berg by Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking, a Kölschejan residential area is recorded, which is also called that on the topographical survey of the Rhineland from 1824.

The area of today's residential area belonged to the Elberfeld parish in the Beyenburg district until its own parish was founded in Barmen . The eastern border of today's quarter was the parish border between the parishes of Elberfeld and Schwelm until modern times and was protected in the Middle Ages by the Barmer Line of the Bergische Landwehr . The western border of the quarter was also protected by a Landwehr, the Elberfeld line. It separated the Bergische Amt Beyenburg from the Amt Elberfeld , but goes back to an older border in the Free County of Volmarstein . Later it was the border line between the major cities of Elberfeld and Barmen, which were independent before 1929 . The southern border of today's quarter also goes back to an older demarcation. Since the Middle Ages, the parishes of Lüttringhausen and Elberfeld have been divided here, and later Barmen. At the same time it was the outer border of the Bergisch Amt Bornefeld until 1407 , in the 19th century the city border between Barmen and Ronsdorf.

The western part of the quarter around the Böhler Bach was forested. The forest was a ducal Kameralwald , in contrast to the Barmer Wald , which was a marrow forest of the Barmer Hofesverband. Around 1715 the forest areas Christbusch and Kothener Busch formed a closed forest area with the Barmer forest.

Loose housing development along the main roads did not emerge until the 18th century. The Marper School , built in 1789 , was the second oldest school building in Wuppertal. A successor building from the beginning of the 20th century on the opposite side of Wettinerstraße is still used today as a primary school. Two churches are located in the residential area: the Protestant Lichtenplatz Chapel, built in 1904, and the Catholic Church of St. Christopher, built in 1956, which replaced a temporary wooden church on the old Lichtscheider water tower .

Jägerhof area

On the city limits of Ronsdorf, the park at the Jägerhof restaurant with its high observation tower was a popular attraction on Lichtscheid at the end of the 19th century . The area opposite the former Colmar barracks is now a desert overgrown with forest.

Area Böhler Weg (Domenjan), Bergfrieden, Dausendbusch

Apart from the Kapellen courtyard, which presumably had a chapel , the west of the quarter was sparsely populated until the 18th century. The chapel presumably served the court people of the neighboring Baur court, which was owned by the Steinhaus monastery in Beyenburg . The existence of this chapel is not guaranteed, but is assumed solely on the basis of the name of the farm.

In the map of the Duchy of Berg , in addition to a single farm at the source of the Bendahler Bach, the property Dosenbusch (Dausendbusch) is recorded as part of the forest. In later maps the single farm was named Dausendbusch.

At the turn of the 20th century, Villa Elise was built a few meters northwest of the Dausendbusch farm. The owner of the property and entrepreneur Marie Demrath-Vollmer donated a large part of her property in 1918 to enable the construction of a Bergfriede settlement for war invalids and war widows of the First World War . The houses and gardens were designed so that residents with self-sufficiency and small arts and crafts workshops could earn their own living and were not dependent on their Versehrten- or widows' pensions.

By 1924, 17 of the 46 planned one-and-a-half-story single-family houses had been built along the new Bergfrieden and Am Dausendbusch streets . The foundation stone was laid on July 24, 1918, the executive architect was Karl Siebold from Bethel near Bielefeld . From 1923 the Siedlerbund Bergfrieden e. V. on behalf of the client foundation . The city of Barmen was initially open to the project, but refused to make its own financial contribution. Backing and material assignments came from the Berlin War Ministry . With the inflation of 1923, the foundation's assets shrank rapidly and the project ran into financial difficulties. As a result, further construction was stopped after 17 houses were completed. Marie Demrath-Vollmer died of a heart attack while trying to get financial aid in Berlin in 1923 . The Pniel leisure home was built at the western end and is now used as a residential building.

In 1919 the Bundeshöhe , the headquarters of the YMCA-Westbund , was built north of the Bergfrieden settlement on Böhler Weg . Even today there is a home and a conference center of the YMCA on the site . The area south of Böhler Weg was owned by the Vorwerk family and was loosely built with four semi-detached houses in the 1930s. The houses were leased to employees of the Vorwerk factory, and a plot of land housed a radio transmitter. In the 1990s the property was sold and around 35 new semi-detached houses were built on today's Käthe-Kollwitz-Weg . The new headquarters of the Barmer Ersatzkasse were built above the new settlement, to which a data center was later attached.

To the north of the Bergfrieden settlement and west of the federal level there was a barrack camp in the forest , which housed forced laborers from the Vorwerk factory during the National Socialist era . After the end of the Second World War, the barrack camp offered refugees shelter. In the meantime, nature has recaptured the camp, which had been demolished to the ground.

Three of the houses in the Bergfrieden settlement were destroyed in the air raids on Wuppertal , the Villa Elise was also partially destroyed, but in 1948 the Wuppertal textile manufacturer Ewald Kellermann bought and rebuilt the property together with the property. The characteristic, walkable spire of Villa Elise was not restored. New buildings then filled the gaps in the post-war period, and the development also gradually closed on Böhler Weg above the Dausendbusch farm.

Lichtscheid / Kapellen / Lichtenplatz area

Heide area (Oberbergische Strasse / Böhlerweg)

Toelleturm area

The settlement of the Toelleturmviertel on the Wuppertaler Südhöhen began at the end of the 19th century with the construction of the Toelleturm in 1888 on the edge of the Barmer facilities . There was the mountain station of the Barmer Bergbahn , which opened on April 16, 1894 as the first double-track electric rack railway in Germany , which was shut down and dismantled on July 4, 1959 despite strong resistance from the population. The Ronsdorf-Müngstener Railway also began at the mountain station . With the Barmer facilities, the Barmer Luftkurhaus (destroyed by bombing in 1943) and the Turmbahn (demolished in 1908), the Toelleturmviertel was a popular destination. Since the beginning of the 20th century, numerous villas have been built in the Toelleturmviertel by manufacturers from Barmen such as the Vorwerk family. It is still considered to be the most exclusive district in Wuppertal.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Johann Georg von Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf , 1836

↑ ^a ^b Christoph Heuter: City Creation . Settlements from the 1920s in Barmen, Wuppertal , Müller + Busmann, 1995, ISBN 3-928766-15-5

Web links

Commons : Lichtenplatz - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[Viebahn-1] Johann Georg von Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf , 1836