Mündelheim

Mündelheim is an old farming and former fishing village on the right bank of the Rhine in the large Rhine bend between Kaiserswerth and Ruhrort at river kilometer 765, since the municipal reorganization of 1929 administratively the name of a district of the Duisburg district in the Duisburg-Süd district .

The district consists of the eponymous place Mündelheim from the places Serm, Ehingen, Rheinheim and Holtum or Holtumer Höfe and has 5,946 inhabitants. It differs in its history, population structure and its appearance from the Ruhr area city of Duisburg. The place appears to be seen over the green fields surrounding Mündelheim and the houses in the shadow of the Gothic-Romanesque church are still village-like. It is often referred to as a place of rest . It is also influenced by its proximity to the neighboring towns of Düsseldorf-Wittlaer and Krefeld-Uerdingen . In fact, the old village of Mündelheim was dominated by agriculture for over 1000 years. Due to its location on the large bend of the Rhine , Mündelheim is surrounded by water on three sides. To protect against flooding, it is separated from the river by a Rhine dike.

Until 1929 the village of Mündelheim belonged to the Bergisches Amt Angermund . According to a deed of gift from the year 956 bequeathed King Otto I 947 the pen Gandersheim in the Harz his possessions in Mundilincheim . A language border of the German-speaking area, the Uerdinger line, runs through the district .

geography

Mündelheim - the most south-westerly district of Duisburg

location

Mündelheim is the southernmost part of the Ruhr area city of Duisburg. The place borders in the north on Duisburg-Hüttenheim and in the east on Duisburg-Ungelsheim , the southern border forms Düsseldorf-Wittlaer . In the west, the Rhine forms the border with Krefeld-Uerdingen and Meerbusch - Nierst , whereby the Rhine bridge only creates a close connection to Krefeld-Uerdingen.

The village itself lies in a large arch of the Rhine, which has shaped the surrounding area. Over the centuries, gears and rubble were repeatedly brought in and removed from the bed of the Rhine as a result of shifting. Main and middle terraces were created by uplifting; on the Niederterrasse is only a few meters above the Rhine, in a valley, the so-called floodplain , the village. Layers of clay were washed ashore again and again by flooding. As far as the soil allowed, forest grew in the floodplain, but most of it is overgrown with meadows and some bushes. In the past 2000 years, the Rhine near Mündelheim has only changed its river bed slightly.

In the north there are two dunes from the last Ice Age , with a height of 41 and 39 m above sea level. NN . They were created during a dry spell when fine sand was blown from the gravel surfaces by westerly winds. The dunes known today under the name Ehinger Berge served as a place of refuge during the Rhine floods due to their height in the past.

Naming

Probably the place was named after an important man of the first residents who settled or were settled in the local area. The earlier place name was probably home of Mundilio , which changed over the centuries. That was the name of the place u. a. Mundulingheim (around 947), Mundelchem (around 1565) or Mulchem (around 1820). About 20 other names are known.

On the other hand, it is wrong to believe that the place name comes from Mühlenheim , because there was never a mill in Mündelheim, and the sand mill on the Heidberg was responsible for the village .

Local development and districts

Rhine bridge in the evening light

Today Mündelheim means the Duisburg district 710, which consists of the districts Mündelheim, Ehingen, Serm and Rheinheim.

In 1975 the localities Mündelheim, Ehingen, Rheinheim and Serm were combined in the new district 710 Mündelheim, which is why it is difficult to give the exact population of the individual districts. At the 1970 census, the village of Mündelheim had 1,554 inhabitants, Serm had 1,482 inhabitants and Ehingen had 1,553 inhabitants. Today the district of Mündelheim, which can be divided into Alt-Mündelheim and the settlements Im Bonnefeld and Am Ehinger Berg , has around 4,100 inhabitants.

Alt-Mündelheim / center of Mündelheim

Old Mündelheim

Alt-Mündelheim refers to the part of the village south of Bundesstraße 288 (also called Oberdorf ) around the parish church of St. Dionysius, as well as the part to the north of Bundesstraße 288 and west of Uerdinger Straße (Unterdorf) .

At the beginning of the 10th century Mündelheim was a large fishing village. The first reliable population figures come from 1801, when Mündelheim lived 546 people. With the industrial revolution Mündelheim experienced a strong influx, in 1871 Mündelheim had 757 inhabitants, in 1907 there were 902 and by 1939 the number rose to 1,150. Due to the increasing demand for housing, the use of space for residential development increased.

After the Second World War, the population was 858, after which it rose steadily for a long time. Mündelheim grew through numerous new development areas. In 1969 in Alt-Mündelheim the so-called terrace houses, condominiums on the Schwalbenwerg were built in 2 and 3-storey construction, the name of which goes back to large, continuous terraces.

Settlements Am Ehinger Berg and Im Bonnefeld

Immediately after the Second World War, the members of the Siedler am Ehinger Berg eV community built the so-called settlement east of Ehinger Strasse, which also gave the Siedlerstrasse its name, on their own and with mutual help . In the early 1970s, the high-rise housing estates in Im Bonnefeld and Am Ehinger Berg were built, among others by the pension fund of the medical association. The high-rise buildings brought an influx of more than 1,000 people to Mündelheim.

Serm district

With around 2,000 inhabitants, Serm is now the largest district after Mündelheim. Serm, whose name could mean Langendorf in Celtic , was first mentioned in 1072. Today the district is one of the most prominent archaeological sites within the urban area of Duisburg. Finds and findings convey the establishment of a supra-regionally important predecessor settlement under late Roman rule in the second half of the late 4th century. It is a rechtsrheinische bridgehead settlement on a Rhine crossing over the developed in the time of Constantine to a late ancient castle Kastell Gelduba ( Krefeld district Gellep-Stratum ). Today's district of Serm, which is east of Mündelheim, was re-established a few hundred meters further to the east by farmers who had fled the constant threats from the floods of the Rhine after the late antique settlement was abandoned, the name of which has not been passed down . In 2014, extensive projects by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR) began to research the older predecessor settlement. According to the rich finds, the square, together with the fort on the left bank of the Rhine, dominated the river crossing of a long-distance path from the Maas region towards Westphalia. Today Serm has a rural character. The village is particularly known for its exuberant carnival on Mardi Gras Sunday, which every year causes a rush of "fools" from the surrounding area.

District Ehingen

Duisburg-Ehingen

Ehingen in the north of Mündelheim lies on one of the two dunes from the Ice Age. The name is traced back to the Ehinger Hof, which was first mentioned in 1221 . Over the centuries this developed into a small fishing village that has almost completely disappeared due to the expansion of heavy industry on the Rhine. Today Ehingen presents itself as a small green oasis, located directly on the Rhine, in the immediate vicinity of the steel industry.

District Rheinheim

The smallest district is Rheinheim , which is south of the TuS Mündelheim sports facility. It only consists of a farm and three houses. About 20 people live in the small town. Before the Rhine shifted, Rheinheim was many times larger. It was first mentioned in 1072, now Rheinheim is endangered by an intended dike relocation.

District of Holtum / Holtumer Höfe

Until 1929 the Holtumer Höfe, which are also shown as a small place Holtum in some older maps, belonged to Bockum (Düsseldorf) . In 1929 the northern areas of Bockum, the Holtumer Höfe, were added to the municipality of Duisburg-Hamborn, while the rest of Bockum was merged with the towns of Wittlaer, Einbrungen, Froschenteich, Kalkum and Zeppenheim to form the new large municipality of Wittlaer . Due to the close location, the Holtümer Höfe are now mostly part of the (Duisburg-Mündelheimer) district of Serm, but are strictly speaking in Bockum, which today extends to the two cities of Duisburg and Düsseldorf. The place is mentioned in a document as Holtheim as early as 802 . Then a sold Betto the Becoming Abbot Liudger a Kothen in Holtum. Early mentions of farms in Holtum come from the 14th century. In the Holtum area, a Frankish grave field was also found that dates from around the 5th to 8th centuries. Today the area known as Holtumer Höfe is largely formed by the Holtumer Mühlen-, the Holtumer and the Postenhof.

Evangelical parish hall
High-rise housing estate in Bonnefeld
New Apostolic Church
Mündelheim was first mentioned in 947

History of Mündelheim

Prehistory and early history

The first settlement in today's Mündelheim area came into being around 750 AD. It was one of the younger Franconian settlements in the area, which can be deduced from the final syllable -heim . Older localities have the endings -um such as Walsum , Alsum or Kalkum , where, in contrast to Mündelheim, references to the Franconian period were found, such as Franconian cemeteries. The settlement of the Franks in the region was a consequence of the end of the Roman era , of which only a few traces can be found in Mündelheim (which can be explained by the Rhine as a natural border). The withdrawal of the Rhenish legions of General Stilicho in 405 triggered a migration of several Germanic tribes .

400 years earlier, the great arch of the Rhine was the scene of an episode of the Batavian uprising. According to a report by Tacitus , a Roman grain ship destined for Gellep , which was stranded at what is now Mündelheim, was attacked by local Brukterers . At the beginning of the village's history stood the Rhine, which in the following centuries played a large part in Mündelheim's history.

It was not until May 4th 947 that Mündelheim was first mentioned in a document. It was Mundulingheim in a donation King Otto I to the pin Gandersheim transferred in the resin. The first mention of Mündelheim coincides with the birth of Germany. On December 29, 1072, Emperor Heinrich IV gave the imperial estate Kaiserswerth to villae Mundulingheim in order to make cities, nobles and ministerials more popular. At that time it was a rural village on the Rhine.

middle Ages

In the 13th century, rulership in the Lower Rhine region changed again after Count Adolf V von Berg had sold the inheritance rights of Limburg and Duisburg to Duke Johann von Brabant . This had the goal of gaining dominance between the Rhine and the North Sea , as well as creating a large territory on the Lower Rhine. Thereupon he got into a conflict with the Archbishop of Cologne Siegfried von Westerburg , which ended with the Battle of Worringen in 1288. The Duke emerged victorious and strengthened the position of Count von Berg.

The next written mention of Mündelheim comes from the year 1326, when the Mündelheim spouses Adeleidis and Konrad bequeathed a pension to the canons of Kaiserswerth . At the same time there was a regional battle for supremacy on the Lower Rhine between Cologne and Kleve . During the following centuries there were repeated clashes between the Archbishop of Cologne and the Duchy of Kleve , Mündelheim was spared. Peace only came to the area at the beginning of the 16th century, after Johann III. Maria von Jülich-Berg had married and the duchies and counties of Kleve, Mark , Jülich , Berg and Ravensberg were connected.

The Reformation split the duchy on a religious basis. Mündelheim developed into a Catholic center for today's south of Duisburg and north of Düsseldorf. This explains why the parish church of St. Dionysius, which was built from 1220/1221 to 1230, assumed large dimensions. At that time it replaced a previous church from the 12th century. The St. Dionysius Church and its outbuildings are today the landmark of Mündelheim and the most frequently photographed motif. Since Mündelheim was incorporated into Duisburg, it has also been the oldest church in the city of Duisburg.

In the 12th century, the population of Mündelheim suffered from severe droughts several times , including in the years 1130, 1135 and 1137. In 1194, an extreme drought dried up the rivers and streams, all cattle died and was the cause of a large number of fires.

Modern times

St. Dionysius Chapel

Years of constant unrest followed for Mündelheim. While the Augsburg Reichstag from 1555 brought Germany a 60-year period of peace, the Lower Rhine, and consequently Mündelheim, suffered particularly from the Eighty Years War between Spain and the Netherlands , who fought for their independence. The situation became dramatic in the summer of 1572 when Wilhelm von Oranien crossed the Rhine near Duisburg and advanced into the Duchy of Geldern to fight against Spanish troops. This was followed by strong troop movements, from which the population suffered greatly. The situation worsened during the Truchsessian War 1583–1587, which broke out after the bishop's seat in Cologne was occupied. During the wars, the region always tried to be neutral, but it was plundered and pillaged, especially by Spanish troops. Presents such as money, wine or oxen to the troop leaders couldn't change that.

The Rhineland suffered considerably from the Thirty Years War and its aftermath, which made for a period of more than 100 years. The war years of 1641 and 1643 were the negative climaxes, when Hessian troops murdered and set fire to Mündelheim in 1641, before the village was destroyed in a fire two years later. As a result of the Peace of Westphalia, after the Lower Rhine had become Brandenburg-Prussian , there were repeated armed conflicts in the region, as various troops repeatedly fought for power on the left and right of the Rhine.

It took until 1760 for the troubled times to come to an end. In the years before, there was intensive French troop movements , including in 1703 and 1741. The end of French domination was in 1758 when the French troops were defeated in the battle of Krefeld by the troops of Ferdinand von Braunschweig . The time of peace lasted 35 years. On the night of September 5th to 6th, 1795, war broke out again after French troop movements. This war had emerged because large numbers of troops had been stationed between Koblenz and Kleve in the summer . In return, the imperial guns drove up on the right bank of the Rhine. In an area from the Anger to the Wupper were the troops of General Erbach, who had his headquarters between Wittlaer and Mündelheim. However, the Bergische area at Eichelskamp, which did not belong to the neutral area on the right bank of the Rhine, remained unprotected because it was assumed that the French would adhere to the peace borders agreed with Prussia. However, the French troops landed in Eichelskamp and broke through the Angerbach line. As a consequence followed war years, thereby ending that Duke Maximilian IV. As a result of 1805 closed the Treaty of Schönbrunn in March 1806, the Duchy of Berg to Napoleon abdicated . Napoleon entrusted his brother-in-law Joachim Murat with the government and elevated the duchy to a grand duchy in connection with the establishment of the Rhine Confederation .

In addition to wars, the population also suffered from many natural disasters during this period . In 1692 and 1756 the region was shaken for minutes by severe earthquakes . Another catastrophe was a severe hailstorm in 1754 , which completely destroyed the year's harvest. In addition, there was a series of severe floods towards the end of the 18th century, including the ice flood in 1784 , which caused great damage to the village, and in 1799 the flood with the largest floods ever known in Mündelheim. In addition, Mündelheim was hit by an epidemic in 1794 and 1795 .

Prussian-German history

High water marks

In 1806 the old constitution of offices was abolished and the Grand Duchy of Berg was initially divided into six arrondissements , Mündelheim was part of the Düsseldorf arrondissement . Two years later, the region was newly divided into a total of four departments , the arrondissement of Düsseldorf, and thus Mündelheim, was assigned to the department of the Rhine . Like all of today's south of Duisburg, the place was administered by Mairie Angermund in the canton of Ratingen . After Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Leipzig (1813), French rule ended in the Rhineland on the right bank of the Rhine , which was assigned to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna . From the Mairie Angermund the for was county Dusseldorf belonging mayoralty Angermund with at that time 4141 inhabitants.

In 1817 the Mündelheim pastor Franz Xavier Jägers was also dean of Christianity in Düsseldorf. On July 6, 1817, he gave the first speech for the 1,100th anniversary of Saint Suitbertus in the parish church of Kaiserswerth . A new school in Mündelheim was built under him in the same year.

In 1876, the mayor's council (the first was formed in 1824) rejected an initial application from the city of Duisburg to incorporate parts of the Huckingen community into Duisburg. In 1882 Mündelheim was hit by a severe flood, a high water mark at the Kreifelts restaurant still indicates this event.

The industrial revolution , which strongly influenced the development of the mayor's office in Angermund and thus also Mündelheim , also fell during this period . The settlement of industrial companies in Uerdingen and Huckingen gave the mayor's office a strong increase in population. In 1832, 549 people lived in the so-called “ Special Community of Mündelheim”; at the turn of the century, almost 900 people lived in the town on the Rhine. In the municipality of Mündelheim, consisting of the districts of Mündelheim, Serm, Ehingen and later Hüttenheim, there were more than 9,000 inhabitants in 1900 1394, in the entire mayor's office. The influx was strengthened by the establishment of Mannesmann works in the north ward home in 1912. During the period of industrialization ended after 2000 1870, introduced by the Romans Treidelschifffahrt in Mündelheimer space. The streets in Mündelheim were given names in 1914.

In the same year the First World War broke out. At first, as in the rest of the Reich, people in Mündelheim were confident that the war would quickly end successfully, but the longer it lasted, the more the population suffered from nutritional problems. However, the rural population in Mündelheim had it better than the urban population, as they could plant vegetables and keep animals in the gardens. This was mainly the job of the women and children, while the men had to work in shifts in the factories. In addition to the food shortage, the population also suffered from a lack of shoes and clothing. This state of affairs persisted for years after the war. A total of 22 Mündelheim residents lost their lives in the war. The situation worsened with the last bad flood in the village in 1919/20 ( the situation was improved with the construction of the Rhine dike in the 1920s), and the inflation in Germany in 1923 , which pushed many people into the debt trap.

After the war, a citizens 'and peasants' council was founded in the community to represent the interests of the citizens and peasants in relation to the workers 'and soldiers' council. Both were dissolved in 1920. Three years later, the French returned to the region and occupied the Rhineland and the Ruhr area in the so-called Ruhrkampf . The mayor's office in Angermund was used as a warm-up area for the French troops to occupy the Ruhr area . The Versailles Treaty tied the Weimar Republic 's hands to take action against the French occupation, but the French allies England and the United States disliked the French approach, which put the French government under pressure. The Rhineland was evacuated in 1930 without any lasting restoration of political and economic stability. However, Mündelheim was able to develop further during this time, so street lights were installed and all households were supplied with gas and water.

On August 1, 1929, the Angermund office was split up. Mündelheim was spun off to Duisburg (together with Huckingen, Serm, Ehingen, Rahm, Großenbaum, Wedau, Bissingheim and Buchholz) . The other part (Lintorf, Angermund, Kalkum, Wittlaer, Bockum) went into the new Amt Ratingen Land (Prussian Rhine province , administrative district Düsseldorf ), later renamed Amt Angerland . As in the entire mayor's office , there were also many protests in Mündelheim against the incorporation into Duisburg due to the law on the reorganization of the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial area that the Prussian state parliament had passed.

From the time of National Socialism to the present

After the end of the French occupation, right-wing and left-wing radical ideas developed, and finally the right-wing radical party groups under the leadership of Adolf Hitler prevailed and brought uneasy times for the entire country. The Dechanate Schumacher and the chaplain Gail felt their power in Mündelheim. While Schumacher was banned from teaching (1935), the chaplain was charged with an alleged violation of the treachery paragraph (1939). In the Third Reich , the Rhine bridge was built between Uerdingen and Mündelheim, which replaced the ferry connection between the two places. Reich Minister Rudolf Hess came to the inauguration of the new bridge on June 7, 1936 , and the place was dressed up to receive him. He christened the building the Adolf Hitler Bridge . After the Second World War, the ferry service was resumed for the duration of the repair work on the Rhine bridge.

In 1939 the Second World War broke out , but it did not bring disaster to Mündelheim until the end, after the Lower Rhine had developed into the decisive arena for fighting on the western front at the beginning of 1945. Air raids were carried out on Mündelheim as early as October and November 1944 . In February 1945 the village was almost completely destroyed in a heavy air raid. Life was made even more difficult by the severe winter. The 400 to 500 residents of Mündelheim had to suffer from artillery fire from American troops advancing on the left bank of the Rhine from March onwards . The light and power supply as well as the town center and the church tower, where German soldiers were suspected to be, were destroyed. In order to prevent an advance of the American armed forces, the Mündelheim Rhine bridge was blown up on April 4th on the orders of a German general. However, the advance could not be stopped. The troops, which had already occupied the north of Duisburg on March 28, advanced to the south of the city about two weeks later. When the American armed forces occupied Mündelheim on April 13, the remaining residents had to assemble on Rheinheimer Weg and wait there without food or drink until the soldiers had searched the place. The next evening the dean Schumacher succeeded in getting all residents to return to their destroyed houses. This ended the Second World War for Mündelheim on the evening of April 14, 1945. A total of 63 Mündelheim residents lost their lives as a result of the war, and twelve more were missing.

After the successful reconstruction , many residents returned and the Mannesmannwerke resumed production. This resulted in a large influx, which required new living space. The demand was met with the Ehinger Berg and Im Bonnefeld settlements . In 1975 the localities of Mündelheim, Ehingen, Rheinheim and Serm were combined to form District 710 Mündelheim. In 1983 the new parish hall of the Protestant community was inaugurated. With the strong increase in population, many Protestants also moved to Mündelheim, who for years could only celebrate their services in makeshift arrangements, later also in the parish church of St. Dionysius. In addition to the Protestant congregation, the New Apostolic congregation also grew, and around 50 members were able to inaugurate their own church in 1996.

A day care ward is now located in the Emmaus parish hall. According to reports, the Protestant Church is in negotiation to continue using the basement for community work. In 2005, the meeting days were celebrated in Mündelheim as part of the World Youth Day, to which a group of young believers from New Caledonia came. The highlight of the numerous events was a breakfast table on Sermer Straße between Mündelheim and Serm with 8,000 participants.

Today Mündelheim with its districts Ehingen, Rheinheim and Serm has 5,970 inhabitants.

Culture and leisure

Interior of the Church of St. Dionysius

The Rhine bridge between Mündelheim and Krefeld-Uerdingen

Rheinauen with a view to the north

Attractions

The Mündelheimer church is well worth seeing and is the oldest church in Duisburg, the first written mention of the current church dates back to 1221. The previous church, which was built on the same site, dates from the 12th century, the mighty west tower, which is still standing today, was built in the 11th century. Century erected. At that time the tower was intended as a refuge. It is five storeys high and has narrow windows like a defense tower . Today there are four bells hanging in the west tower, the oldest dating from 1643 and 1681.

The church dedicated to St. Dionysius of Paris is a three-aisled late Romanesque basilica. The balanced grouping of the building, which is staggered from east to west, is striking. The church is very large for Mündelheim, as it was responsible for a large part of the south of Duisburg until the 19th century.

The chapel is a small, listed chapel from 1723 between the towns of Mündelheim and Serm. Although it is in the Sermer area, the chapel is owned by the Mündelheim parish. The chapel also has a saint Dionysius as patron, but not that of the parish church, but Dionysius Areopagita . In Latin, above the entrance there is "sanCto DIonysIo areopag Itae eXtrVCtVM" ("Saint Dionysius, built by Areopagitus"). The large letters form a so-called chronogram as Roman numerals ; when added together, they give “MDCCXVVIII” the year of construction of the chapel.

The old Middelhof Auf dem Hunsrück is known as Klösterchen . After the First World War, sisters of the Order of the Cellites founded a branch in Mündelheim under the leadership of Pastor Schumacher. The courtyard was converted into a monastery with a chapel, an enclosure, a kindergarten, a private girls' vocational school and apartments for the sick. A retirement home was added after the Second World War. With the move of the kindergarten in 1957 and the closure of the nursing home in 1979, the monastery came to an end. Today there are apartments in the building.

Until 1936, the towns of Mündelheim and Uerdingen, separated by the Rhine, could be reached by ferry; With the inauguration of the Rhine Bridge, then under the name “Adolf Hitler Bridge”, by Rudolf Hess, there was a new way of crossing the river. The first considerations for building a bridge existed as early as 1910, but the implementation failed when the First World War broke out. It took until the 1930s for construction to begin. Nine years after the inauguration, the bridge was blown up by the Wehrmacht before the advancing Allies , restored in 1950 and reopened as the Krefeld-Uerdinger Bridge . The federal highway 288 runs on it .

Mündelheim is located in the large Rhine bend and therefore also has a large Rheinaue, which is partly used for agriculture. Many paths invite you to go for a walk or bike ride, you can relax in the meadows or on the small “beaches”. In summer you can see the Uerdingen fireworks from here. During the Rhine floods, the Rheinaue serves as a receiving area.

There are still three half-timbered houses that were built in the 18th century in Mündelheim. Two are on Kegelstrasse and one is across from the church.

In 1935 the memorial was inaugurated at the Mündelheimer Friedhof and was donated by the war association. It was meant to commemorate the victims of the First World War. It was redesigned in 1992 and every year the members of the Mündelheim associations gather in the cemetery on Memorial Day to lay a wreath.

In spring 2008, at the intersection of Krefelder Strasse (B 288) and Uerdinger Strasse, the citizens' association created the new Mündelheim landmark, the gateway to Mündelheim . It is a 4.5 meter high and five meter wide natural stone wall that is adorned with Mündelheim lettering and the town's coat of arms, and is illuminated at night.

See also Mündelheimer architectural monuments in the list of architectural monuments in Duisburg-Süd .

Culture

Culture and leisure center

The old school on Barberstrasse from 1930 is a facility for recreational activities. The building was renovated and officially designated as a culture and leisure center by the city of Duisburg in 1980. Various artists work there and exhibit their works of art, such as the artist group Turm 66 or Jochen Duckwitz, a master student of Joseph Beuys . Courses in pottery and gymnastics and language courses are also offered in the building, and there is a Carrera track in the basement . The school yard is available for private use, children and young people can play sports there and parties are celebrated there, for example the shooting festival, the candle market and the fire brigade festival.

Another cultural event is the Art Night, which takes place every year in May in the parish church of St. Dionysius and combines art and church. The event is accompanied by lectures and musical contributions.

societies

TuS sports field

St. Martin's Parade

There are various clubs in the village that offer different fields of activity, including some sports clubs . The largest of them is the Turn- und Sportgemeinschaft (TuS) Mündelheim with around 700 members. It was founded in 1970 and is the successor to Blau-Weiß Mündelheim. The largest department is the football department , which in October 2017 was able to inaugurate a new field, an almost entirely self-financed artificial turf field . The members are also offered gymnastics , tennis and table tennis . Former departments in the club were tea-kwan-do and volleyball . The Mündelheim fishing club dates from 1949. At that time the Rhine, at that time still a clean river, was the fishing area. Meanwhile, fishing is not only done in the Rhine, but also on the Sechs-Seen-Platte in Duisburg-Wedau. The free Wasserfreunde Duisburg is a canoe club located in the Ehinger boathouse. The Mündelheim hiking group has existed since 1985. From March to November, members meet once a month to hike in the area. The pigeon breeding association (BVZ) Südpfeil Mündelheim has existed since 1962. It promotes targeted rearing, species-appropriate keeping and conducts races and exhibitions. In Mündelheim there is also a rescue station for injured, sick and stray animals.

The St. Sebastianus Rifle Brotherhood Mündelheim-Ehingen 1712 is one of the larger clubs in town . Every year at Pentecost, she organizes the King's Shooting at the shooting range on Ehinger Berg. The Schützenfest is celebrated on the third weekend in September. The rifle brotherhood includes a total of eleven companies, including the parent company and the Hubertus company, as well as the young riflemen with the flag throwers. Furthermore, there is the Tambourkorps Rheinklang in Mündelheim , which was founded in 1926 by members of the former mandolin club. The approximately 25 members take part in the rifle festival and St. Martin's parades in Mündelheim, but are also represented outside of Mündelheim at rifle festivals and carnival parades. There is also the Duisburg-Mündelheim 1988 e. V., which works for the common good of the Mündelheim population. The previous projects include, among other things, the reduction of traffic noise in the village, tree-planting campaigns and the construction of a second playground. The citizens' association organizes a summer festival every year. The younger clubs include the Slotracing Club (SRC) Mündelheim, which has been running a Carrera track in the basement of the culture and leisure center for several years , and the Friends' Association of St. Sebastian Stift, which was founded in March 2007. He takes care of offers for senior citizens that cannot be financed from public funds.

In the past there were other associations that have since been dissolved, for example the South Pole Carnival Society founded in 1936 , which was dissolved in the 1970s when the activities of some members subsided. The society was followed between 1970 and 1980 by the clubs All under one hat and Laughing South , which broke up after a short time after trying unsuccessfully to hold carnival events in the town . Before TuS Mündelheim was founded, there were other gymnastics and sports clubs, such as the Gut Heil gymnastics club in the 1920s. Football was played at the Deutsche Jugendkraft (DJK) Mündelheim, whose members founded the successor club Blau-Weiß Mündelheim , which only existed for a few years. From 1882 to 1975 there was the men's choir Eintracht in Mündelheim , which was dissolved due to the lack of members.

Events

The most important events at a glance.

event	time
May festival of the volunteer fire brigade	1st of May
Art Night Mündelheim	Second Saturday in May
King's shooting	Pentecost
Parish festival of the Catholic parish	First Sunday in June
Shooting and coronation festival with fair	Third weekend in September
St. Martin's Parade	November 11th
Wreath laying	Memorial Day
Candle market	First warning
Nicholas parade	6th of December

There are numerous events in town throughout the year. Of great importance on the third weekend in September is the shooting and coronation festival , which is celebrated for three days. Highlights during the festival are the big tattoo on Saturday, the parade on Sunday and the Klompenball on Monday. At the same time, the Mündelheim fair , which has traditionally been held this weekend for over 150 years, was previously held in June. There is no bird shooting during the shooting festival; instead, the shooter king is determined during the coronation shooting on the weekend of Pentecost . Together with the members of the volunteer fire brigade, the drum course and the church choir and the citizens, the Rifle Brotherhood meets every year on Memorial Day at the Catholic cemetery to lay a wreath at the memorial.

The parish of St. Dionysius also organizes numerous events during the year. The art night in the church, which takes place every year in May, is known beyond the local boundaries, and the parish church is used as an exhibition space for various artists. In addition, there is the Easter bonfire on Holy Saturday , the Corpus Christi procession , the parish festival on the first Sunday in June and the harvest festival on the first Sunday in October , which is celebrated together with the Protestant community.

The Mündelheim Citizens' Association also organizes several events. The best known is the candle market , which has been taking place every two years on the First Advent since 1979 . The market offers art, handicrafts and junk as well as food and drinks typical of the season such as mulled wine and Christmas stollen. All stands are lit with candles, hence the name. A few days later, on December 6th, the St. Nicholas Parade takes place. In summer, the citizens' association organizes a barbecue on the premises of the primary school.

In memory of St. Martin , the students from Mündelheim will march through the village with colorful lanterns on November 11th. They are musically supported by the drum course and accompanied by the members of the volunteer fire brigade. The day before, the two kindergartens organize their St. Martin's parade. Another event is the May Festival of the volunteer fire brigade on May 1st.

The carnival used to be of great importance for the place, which developed rapidly at the beginning of the 20th century and reached its climax after the Second World War. The Eintracht men's choir organized well-known masked balls far beyond the local borders before its members founded the South Pole Carnival Society in 1936 . After the war there was a big parade every year , in which the clubs took part with themed cars; the South Pole was the leading society until the mid-1960s. As the activities of many members eased, so did the carnival festivities. From the 1970s the carnival came to an end in Mündelheim, and the societies All Under One Hat or Laughing South couldn't prevent that. The carnival is now celebrated in the Serm district.

Economy and Infrastructure

Ironworks in the north of Mündelheim

economy

The former large fishing village turned into an agricultural community. Agriculture still plays an important role today. There are still a few farms in the village and Mündelheim is surrounded on three sides by agricultural land. In contrast, fishing has not been practiced since the middle of the 20th century, as the fish stocks in the Rhine continued to decline.

In addition to agriculture, small craft and service companies are now important economic sectors in the village. In the north of Mündelheim there is a waterworks, a steelworks and an industrial area . Well-known companies are Brenntag (chemical distribution), Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann , Rheinisch-Westfälische Wasserwerkgesellschaft and ThyssenKrupp Tailored Blanks .

A large part of the Mündelheim population commutes to the cities of Duisburg and Düsseldorf on a daily basis.

Uerdingen Rhine bridge with Duisburg-Mündelheim

traffic

Düsseldorf Airport , Germany's third largest airport, can be reached from Mündelheim in just 15 minutes.

Mündelheim is divided by the federal highway 288 (Krefelder Strasse) , which between Ratingen-Breitscheid and the highway intersection Duisburg-Süd has already been developed as the highway 524 , and from there continues as the federal highway to Krefeld. In the coming years it is to be completely expanded into a motorway; if it would cross Mündelheim, to avoid noise in a tunnel in the local area. The eleven kilometer long federal road runs in an east-west direction and connects the federal highways 52 (Essen-Düsseldorf) and 57 (Nijmegen-Cologne).

The Rhine crossing of the B 288 forms the Krefeld-Uerdingen bridge , built in 1936 , which replaced a ferry connection between Mündelheim and Uerdingen . The first mention of the ferry between Mündelheim and Uerdingen comes from the year 1659. For pedestrians and cyclists, the only way to cross Krefelder Straße is a footbridge.

Local public transport in Mündelheim is made up of the bus lines 941 (Krefeld-Uerdingen - Duisburg-Mündelheim - Hüttenheim - Buchholz - Großenbaum - Duisburg-Wedau) and 942 (Duisburg-Mündelheim - Serm - Ungelsheim - Huckingen - Buchholz - Wedau - Duisburg-Bissingheim) of the Duisburg transport company . The bus lines provide connections to the tram lines 903, U79 and 043, which serve the inner cities of Dinslaken , Duisburg, Düsseldorf and Krefeld .

The nearest train station is in Krefeld-Uerdingen , which can be reached by bus (line 941) and car in five minutes. From there the regional train 33 (Aachen – Wesel) and the RegionalExpress 11 (Mönchengladbach – Hamm) u. a. to the major cities of Aachen , Mönchengladbach , Krefeld , Duisburg , Essen and Dortmund . The nearest S-Bahn stops are in Duisburg-Großenbaum and Duisburg-Rahm .

Medical supplies

Mündelheim has had its own medical practice only since the 1970s. Before that, the population had to visit doctors from Huckingen or Krefeld, but doctors from Hüttenheim or Großenbaum also came to Mündelheim to take care of the people living there.

In addition to the general practice, there is also a dentist, a veterinarian and a practice for physiotherapy.

There are no hospitals in Mündelheim, the St. Anna Hospital in Huckingen, the Accident Clinic in Buchholz and the Duisburg Clinic in Wedau are in the immediate vicinity .

In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century there was a midwife in the village who was responsible for looking after mothers and newborns in Mündelheim, Ehingen, Rheinheim, Serm and Bockum. From 1919 the sisters of the monastery took over the home nursing .

The fire station of the Mündelheim fire department

St. Sebastian pen

Public facilities

In 1906 the Mündelheim-Ehingen-Serm volunteer fire brigade was founded and has been part of the Duisburg fire brigade since Mündelheim was incorporated into Duisburg . Due to the outskirts of the district, the extinguishing group 705 drives its two vehicles ( HLF 20/16 and LF 16 ) in the first use and is only used in the case of major incidents in the entire urban area. In June 2007 the unit had 31 members.

The St. Sebastian Monastery of Malta was opened in March 2005 on the site of the former Roßkothenhof, in the immediate vicinity of the Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius . The senior citizen monastery is equipped with 60 rooms for fully inpatient care, 16 apartments for living with service, a cafeteria with an open lunch table, a prayer room and multi-purpose rooms. The administration building is housed in an old building in the courtyard. There has been a sponsorship association since 2007.

The cemetery in the district of Ehingen is operated by the Duisburg municipal cemetery in Mündelheim. The first considerations for establishing a communal cemetery in Mündelheim occurred in the first decade of the 20th century, due to the First World War the project was initially postponed before the efforts became more concrete in the 1920s. Finally, the community built the burial place on a two-hectare site on the Ehinger Berg. It has been in operation since 1924. The chapel, which dates back to when the cemetery was founded, was rebuilt and expanded in 1978/79 after a new building could not be completed in the 1960s.

education

The first school in Mündelheim, which was run by the parish of St. Dionysius, probably existed in the 17th century. From this time there are reports that the pastor taught. The first reliable information about a school building dates back to 1753. The building, which was already dilapidated at the time, was demolished in 1817 after the new school on the church square had been completed. This was replaced by a new building in 1867, which still exists today and is used commercially. Another new building that served as a school until 1975, the so-called old school , was built in 1930; it is used today as a cultural and leisure center. The new school, which was inaugurated in 1975 and is now the primary school , was built because the number of pupils rose sharply at that time and new classrooms therefore had to be created. A large gym, which is shared by the primary school students from Serm, belongs to the school grounds. In Mündelheim there are still two kindergartens, the Catholic kindergarten St. Dionysius and the municipal kindergarten Korbmacherstraße . There is also a primary school and a kindergarten in the Serm district.

Secondary schools are nearby. Schoolchildren who are striving for a humanistic education and study can from Mündelheim to the Archbishop's St.-Suitbertus-Gymnasium and the Protestant Fliedner-Gymnasium in Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth, the Gymnasium Fabritianum and the Moltke-Gymnasium in Krefeld, as well as in Duisburg-Mitte reach Landfermann-Gymnasium and Steinbart-Gymnasium . With the aim of enabling the children of workers to receive further education, the nearby Mannesmann Gymnasium, the comprehensive school south in Großenbaum, the secondary schools in Ungelsheim and Wanheim, the school center south at Biegerhof with that of the secondary school south and the Bertolt-Brecht- Vocational college established. In addition, two international schools can be reached with the St. Georges International School in Duisburg-Ungelsheim and the International School of Düsseldorf (ISD) in Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth.

Former schools in the village were the two Ehingen elementary schools (one Protestant and one Catholic), which had to give way to the Mannesmann factory in 1960, a private girls' vocational school in the old monastery (1922 to 1936) and the fruit tree school from the mid-19th century, which promoted fruit growing in the village.

literature

Citizens' Association Duisburg-Mündelheim (Hrsg.): Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend . Duisburg 1997.
Citizens' Association Duisburg-Mündelheim (ed.): Mündelheim - Heimat im Großer Rheinbogen , Volume 2, Duisburg 2013.
Jakob Kau: Before the last candle goes out. On the history of the Holtumer Hof, the Postenhof and the Holtumer Mühle , in: Heimat-Jahrbuch Wittlaer 1984, Ratingen 1984, pp. 48–52.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Population statistics of the city of Duisburg from December 31, 2017 (PDF; 21 kB)

↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ German Research Foundation, "Ports" project
↑ 59th Merry Carnival Procession - 25,000 jackets sway through Serm
↑ City districts in the southern district ( Memento of the original dated August 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Gut Postenhof
↑ ^a ^b Kau (1984), p. 48 ff.
↑ Brief history of the city of Duisburg , p. 29 and p. 106.
^ Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 16.
↑ Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 16 f.
↑ Mündelheim - Heimat in the great Rheinbogen , p. 177.
↑ Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 17 f.
↑ Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 178.
↑ Mündelheim - Heimat in the great Rheinbogen , p. 192.
↑ First speech at the eleven-hundred-year jubilee celebration of the holy Bishop Suitbertus, apostle of the local area and the neighboring countries, delivered on the 6th of the month of Julius 1817 in the parish church of Kaiserswerth by Franz Xavier Jägers, dean of Christianity in Düsseldorf and pastor in Mündelheim. With the approval of the Most Reverend Arch-Abbey of Cologne General Vicariate. Düsseldorf, printed by Franz Friedrich Stahl, court printer. (together with the 2nd to 8th speech in one volume, n.d. probably 1817), seven ceremonial speeches on the seven holy sacraments: at the 1125 year jubilee celebrated in July 1842 at Kaiserswerth for the veneration of Saint Suitbertus, given by pastors of the Deanery Düsseldorf . Roschütz, Düsseldorf 1843 ( digitized edition )
^ Johann Georg von Viebahn: Statistics and Topography of the Government District Düsseldorf , Volume 1, Appendix (Statistical Place and Distance Table of the Government District Düsseldorf), Düsseldorf 1836, p. 77. ( Google books )
^ Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 19.
↑ Mündelheim - Heimat im Großer Rheinbogen , pp. 193–195
↑ Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 19 f.
↑ ^a ^b Mündelheim - home in the great Rhine bend , p. 308.
↑ Mündelheim - Heimat im Großer Rheinbogen , pp. 196–203.
↑ Artificial turf inauguration. Retrieved January 9, 2018 .
↑ City timetable of the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft, as of June 2008.
↑ Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, local edition Duisburg, June 30, 2007, article "Löschgruppe has reorganized".

Web links

Commons : Duisburg-Mündelheim - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

[EinwohnerStatistik-1] Population statistics of the city of Duisburg from December 31, 2017 (PDF; 21 kB)