High water mark
High water marks are firmly embedded notices or markings on structures that indicate the maximum level of high water . The historical high water marks are among the small monuments .
history
The tradition of recording floods by means of markings is documented in Germany as early as the 14th century. The design of these brands can be very different: In addition to inscriptions that have been carved into existing buildings or monuments, there are also panels made of stone or metal that have been walled in or attached at the appropriate place, and inscriptions simply painted on can also be found. For many of them, a horizontal line shows the (supposedly) exact water level. In some places the application of high water marks was continued, so that here many (mostly uniformly designed) marks from different years are next to and on top of each other.
However, the accuracy of historical high water marks must be viewed with caution in many cases: often it was not possible to mark the water level during a flood, and the mark was only applied later based on the discoloration of the masonry, ignoring the moisture can rise depending on the type of masonry or plaster. Later alterations or renovations may also have had an effect. An impressive example can be found on the embankment on the right bank of the Rhine in Koblenz-Ehrenbreitstein , where a brand was walled up during a renovation at a height of over six meters and upside down.
Types of high water marks
The following are examples of different types of high water marks:
- Explanation boards
- free-standing high water marks
- Markings with and without further information
High water mark in Regensburg with the exact date
High water marks in Cologne
High water marks in Lauenburg / Elbe
High water marks in the Donau-Auen National Park
Warning sign mast at the Marburg -Nord canal
High water marks according to the Rhine Navigation Police Ordinance
- According to the Rhine Shipping Police Ordinance RheinSchPV , high water mark I means that all (with the exception of non-machine-driven) watercraft must stay in the middle of the fairway when descending and in the middle third of the river width when ascending. Suction and waves should be avoided; In any case, the maximum speed, measured on the bank, must not exceed 20 km / h. In addition, there are other regulations that must also be observed.
- When the high water mark II is reached and exceeded , shipping is completely stopped.
- Information signs from the picture table of inland navigation signs in Germany
"E.22 / I high water mark mark I"
"E.22 / II high water mark mark II"
See also
Web links
- Historical high water marks (accessed January 15, 2012)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. on this with further examples from the Middle Rhine region: Heinz Mühl: Great floods of earlier centuries. An attempt at a chronicle, in: Hansenblatt 55 (2002), pp. 110-132.