St. Maria Magdalena (Geldern)
The Catholic parish church of St. Maria Magdalena is a three-aisled hall church in the center of Geldern .
First written mention of a church in Geldern
The church was built in 1339 as the monastery church of the Carmelite Monastery of Geldern, founded in 1306 . Written records indicate a possible previous building from the 13th century. The sources mention an "ecclesia Gelrensis infra oppidum" shortly after 1290 . Since the church in Nieukerk is still mentioned in 1067 as "in Gelre ecclesia" and in 1249 as "ecclesiae in Gelren" , it is assumed that St. Dionysius Nieukerk did not parish from Geldern until the 13th century. Count Rainald I von Geldern left the court chapel to the newly founded Carmelite monastery as a monastery church in 1306, although this building could not be precisely located and does not necessarily have to be identical to the current location of St. Maria Magdalena.
Building history
The former two-aisled basilica from 1339 was expanded in the years 1400–18 to form a three-aisled hall church with a three-apse, the floor plan of which corresponded to the current church. After the Dutch took Geldern in 1578, St. Maria Magdalena was temporarily reformed. Recatholization took place under Spanish rule in 1587. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Prussian troops bombed Geldern in 1703. The church building was also hit and destroyed. From 1707 to 1715 it was rebuilt as a result of which the church was given a baroque interior. In the course of the historicism of the 19th century, St. Maria Magdalena was regotified. This building, too, was hit during air raids on February 14th and 24th, 1945, and destroyed to the ground. Today's church is the work of Dominikus Böhm (1880–1955), which the Cologne architect and church builder built from 1949 to 1952. In addition to parts of the outer masonry, only the north-west tower has survived from the original building. After the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council , Böhm's concept had to be adapted. The architect Phillip Glitz (1913–1998) rearranged the interior so that the cafeteria made of Belgian granite became the center of the seating.
Furnishing
A Gothic cross from the 15th century hangs over the modern altar with a representation of the crucified one made of oak in the so-called three - nail type . In this type, the feet are laid one on top of the other and penetrated by a single nail.
In the western part of the south aisle there is a baroque marble baptismal font, visually separated from the rest of the church. Also on display in the south aisle are the twelve bronze Apostles candlesticks , which were made to a design by Dominikus Böhm.
The golden shrine of Saints Galen and Valenus is particularly prominent in the north transept. The relics were donated by the auxiliary bishop Gottfried von Greveray (1415-1504) from the year 1478. Galen and Valenus are Roman legionnaires have been under Emperor Hadrian on Mount Ararat in Turkey today the martyr died (see ten thousand martyrs ). They have been the patron saints of the city of Geldern since the donation . The neo-Gothic shrine itself is the work of the Cologne goldsmith Franz Wüsten (1844-1893) from 1882. In 2004 the reliquary was given a marble base made from the former altar.
During the reconstruction work in 1952, the grave of Katharina von Geldern (1439–1497) was discovered inside the building . The grave cover made of three solid brass plates is decorated with an engraved representation of the sleeping duchess and comes from the workshop of the Cologne artist Wilhelm Loeman († 1512). It was integrated into the new building and is set up in the north choir.
Another Gothic grave slab, rediscovered in 1952, shows a fragmentary half-relief of an unknown young woman in a Spanish habit. This work of art can also be viewed in the north choir.
Organs
There are two organs in the church . The choir organ was built by the organ builder Reinhold Hansen (Geldern). The instrument has 5 registers on one manual . The main organ was built in 1971 by the Orgelbau Romanus Seifert & Sohn company . the instrument has 32 registers on three manuals and a pedal .
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Peal
There are three bells in the tower. They were cast by Johannes Petit in 1723, by his nephew Alexius Petit the Elder in 1767 and by Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock in 1971.
| Surname | Our Father Bell | Marienbell | John Baptist |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caster | Johannes Petit | Alexius Petit the Elder | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock |
| Casting year | 1723 | 1767 | 1971 |
| diameter | 1330 mm | 1030 mm | |
| Weight (approx.) | 1400 kg | 950 kg | |
| Chime | fis ' | G' | f ' |
A fourth, historical bell, the sound of which did not match the rest of the ringing, was given to the Kevelaerer Museum .
archeology
In autumn 2008 the church square was redesigned. In this context, archaeological investigations were carried out during the construction, during which the foundations of a connecting passage between the Carmelite monastery and the west portal of the church came to light.
Monument protection
The area of the church is a ground monument according to the law for the protection and care of monuments in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Monument Protection Act - DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, random finds must be reported to the monument authorities.
literature
- Paul Clemen : The Art Monuments of the Rhine Province II, 1. The art monuments of the district of Geldern. Düsseldorf 1891. pp. 14-20.
- Stefan Frankewitz : The monuments of the city of Geldern. Geldrisches Stadtarchiv 6, Geldern 2001.
- Stefan Frankewitz: The Geldrischen offices of Geldern, Goch and Straelen in the late Middle Ages. Publications of the historical association for Geldern and surroundings 87, Geldern 1986.
- Stefan Frankewitz: The Carmelite Monastery in Geldern in the Middle Ages. In: Geldrischer Heimatkalender 1998. Geldern 1998. pp. 277–284.
- Thomas Frings : Designed upheavals. Churches in the diocese of Münster between redesign and conversion . Dialogverlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-937961-69-9 , pp. 24-27.
- Georg Dehio , Ernst Gall : Handbook of German art monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia, I. Rhineland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1967. p. 201.
- Christoph Joosten: Catholic parish church of St. Maria Magdalena. Funds. Schnell Art Guide No. 2592, Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2004. ISBN 3-7954-6543-5
- K. Keller, R. Nagel, P. Stenmans: Contributions to the Church and School History of Gelderland Geldern 2004, pp. 9–287.
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oedinger: The Archdiocese of Cologne around 1300. Second issue. The churches of the Archdeaconate Xanten . Bonn 1969, p. 153, 243 .
- ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The monuments of the city of Geldern . Geldern 2001, p. 89 .
- ↑ Frankewitz 1998 p. 277.
- ↑ Dehio 1967 p. 201.
- ↑ Information on the organ
- ↑ Law on the protection and maintenance of monuments in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Monument Protection Act - DSchG)
Web links
- Official website of the Catholic parish of St. Maria Magdalena
- Three from a dynasty; Rheinische Post from March 25, 2011
Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ′ 3.7 ″ N , 6 ° 19 ′ 15.6 ″ E