Houlbec-Cocherel
| Houlbec-Cocherel | ||
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Les Andelys | |
| Canton | Pacy-sur-Eure | |
| Community association | Its Normandy agglomeration | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 4 ′ N , 1 ° 22 ′ E | |
| height | 35-143 m | |
| surface | 11.64 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,305 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 112 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 27120 | |
| INSEE code | 27343 | |
| Website | www.houlbec-cocherel.fr | |
 Mairie Houlbec-Cocherel |
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Houlbec-Cocherel is a French commune with 1,305 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . The district of Cocherel became known through the Battle of Cocherel (1364). The Neolithic dolmen grave of Cocherel, discovered in 1685, was scientifically described in 1722. This publication is considered to be the oldest archaeological publication in northern France.
geography
Houlbec-Cocherel is located in northern France on the eastern edge of the Eure department on the edge of the Madrie plateau , 75 kilometers northwest of Paris and nine kilometers southwest of Vernon . Neighboring municipalities of Houlbec-Cocherel are Sainte-Colombe-près-Vernon in the northwest, Mercey in the northeast, Saint-Vincent-des-Bois in the east, Rouvray in the west and Hardencourt-Cocherel in the southwest. The municipal area covers 1164 hectares, the mean height is 89 meters above sea level , the Mairie stands at a height of 130 meters. The Eure flows along the southwestern municipal boundary.
The municipality consists of the northern district of Houlbec, the southern district of Cocherel and several hamlets . The part of Houlbec that lies on a plateau is called Haut-Houlbec ('High Houlbec'). To the northwest of it lies the Houlbec forest. Bas-Houlbec ('Nieder-Houlbec') lies in the valley of the stream. The Cocherel plain lies partly on the municipality of Hardencourt-Cocherel.
In the district of Cocherel there is a risk of the Eure being flooded. In December 1999, Hurricane Lothar overflowed the river. The soil in Houlbec-Cocherel is very clayey . In 1996 and 2003 dehydration caused stability problems.
Houlbec-Cocherel is assigned to a climate zone of type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ): warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
Archaeological finds
The municipality has been populated since the Neolithic Age. Tools made of flint , cut stone axes and so-called polissoirs , stone blocks that were used for grinding, were found in various places .
In 1685 the Seigneur von Cocherel had the Eure extended to make it navigable. The workers found a collective grave from the Neolithic Age ( late Neolithic , around 3500–2800 BC) that contained 20 people buried. It was the first known Neolithic find in all of France. The scholar Bernard de Montfaucon mentioned the grave in an overview in 1721. The pastor of Cocherel published the results of the excavation in 1722. This archaeological report was the first publication of its kind in northern France. There were about twenty skeletons and several artifacts in the tomb . In clay pots to ashes and were charcoal .
In 1885, Abbé Brunet found a Gallo-Roman house (52 BC to 486) during excavations between the Route de Cocherel and the Eure River . The interior walls were plastered and painted. Black or black-brown wall paintings were on the white background . The walls also had strips of white marble . A tripod and fragments of Terra Sigillata were found in the building.
In the hamlet of Cocherel on the Côte aux Brebis ('sheep slope'), a Franconian sword and a burial place from the Merovingian period (486–751) were found in the 19th century .
Ancien Régime
1011 Cocherel was first mentioned as Raoul d'Ivry of the Abbey of Saint-Ouen in Rouen two water mills gave and fishing rights in the Eure in Bas-Cocherel.
In the 12th century, Houlbec was first mentioned as Holbec . Ernest Nègre lists the place name as "non-Roman" and quotes François de Beaurepaire. According to Beaurepaire, the place name is composed of the Old Norse word holr for 'hollow' and bekkr for ' brook '. Roger de Baudemont, Seigneur of Houlbec, presented the 1144 founded Cistercian monastery La Noë in La Bonneville-sur-Iton the 474 Acre large district Chantelou , later la Moinerie (, Mönchshof ') was called. In 1165 the monks built a fortified estate there.
In the Ancien Régime, each district consisted of two fiefdoms . There was Houlbec le Prey, Houlbec la Salle, Haut-Cocherel and Bas-Cocherel. Houlbec le Prey was particularly large with 786 hectares. Houlbec la Salle was part of the Pacy-sur-Eure castellany . Haut-Cocherel belonged to the Barony Crévecœur (near La Croix-Saint-Leufroy ). Bas-Cocherel belonged to the Saint-Ouen Abbey in Rouen until 1578.
Battle of Cocherel
On May 16, 1364 the Battle of Cocherel took place in the course of the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) on the plain of Cocherel. The opponents were Charles V of France and Charles II of Navarre . Bertrand du Guesclin commanded Charles V's army and won the battle. The Captal de Buch led the Anglo-Navarre army. The Mayor of Rouen, Jacques Le Lieur, fought alongside Du Guesclin with his troops. Charles II's advisor, Pierre de Sacquenville, was captured and later beheaded in Rouen. The memorial for this battle stands in the municipality of Hardencourt-Cocherel.
Modern times
In 1578 Jean Le Prévost bought the Bas-Cocherel fief from the Abbey of Saint-Ouen in Rouen . The fiefdom remained in the family until the end of the 17th century. Then it changed hands several times. Haut-Cocherel came into the possession of the Seigneurs of Acquigny through marriage in the 16th century .
In the 17th century the monastery of la Noë lost its importance. The derelict buildings at la Moinerie were restored in the 18th century. On the eve of the French Revolution (1789–1799), the monastic property of la Moinerie was 134.26 hectares.
Modern
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1793 | 460 |
| 1821 | 531 |
| 1872 | 437 |
| 1881 | 506 |
| 1911 | 432 |
| 1936 | 325 |
| 1968 | 407 |
| 1982 | 859 |
| 1999 | 1188 |
| 2009 | 1346 |
| 2017 | 1305 |
The feudal system in France ended with the French Revolution. The farm of the monastery of la Noë was sold as a national good on April 30, 1791 . The buildings were rebuilt or replaced by new buildings. The manor of the fief of Houlbec la Salle stood in Bas-Houlbec near the church. It was destroyed during the revolution. In 1793 Houlbec-Cocherel received the status of a municipality and in 1801 through the administrative reform under Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) the right to local self-government .
The 15th century manor house at Houlbec le Prey burned down in the late 19th century. The stables were preserved, but were renewed in 1880.
Cocherel Castle was built in the first half of the 17th century. From 1791 to 1920 it was owned by the de La Croix family. In 1944 the castle was set on fire during the Second World War (1939–1945) and then demolished. Only the former horse stables have been preserved, they are now used as residential buildings.
General Robert Petiet (1880–1967) succeeded in June 1940 in slowing the advance of the Wehrmacht on the Eure near Acquigny, La Croix-Saint-Leufroy, Cocherel and Ménilles . Houlbec-Cocherel was bombed by the air force . The bridge at Cocherel was destroyed.
The population has increased rapidly since the second half of the 20th century.
Culture and sights
The Cocherel watermill was built in the 18th century. In 1943 it formed a site classé (cultural and natural monument) together with the water mill on the other side of the river, which belonged to the Hardencourt-Cocherel municipality . Later it was rebuilt and used as a residential building.
The Roman Catholic community Ménilles belongs to the parish Pacy Vallée d'Eure of the diocese of Évreux . There are two churches in the parish. The church of Saint-Pierre in Houlbec and Notre-Dame in Cocherel.
The Notre-Dame church was built in the 12th century. The church patronage was first the Saint-Ouen Abbey in Rouen, then the Seigneur von Houlbec and Cocherel. The entrance portal with its Gothic ornaments has been preserved. The church was restored in the 16th, 18th and 19th centuries. The church tower dates from the 18th century. In 1955 the church was restored and the furnishings were renewed. In the church there are several paintings and statues from the 15th to 17th centuries. Some objects are as historique Monument (historic monument ') classified this includes a silver chalice from the 18th century, a statue of James Zebedee from the late 15th or early 16th century and a statue of bound Jesus from the same time.
The Saint-Pierre church was built in the 16th century; only the north arm of the transept has survived from that time . The church was enlarged in the 19th century. The nave was lengthened, re-tiled, new windows were inserted, the roof was re-covered and an entrance portal was built. The church tower was repaired. In 1986 the 19th century windows were restored. There are also listed objects in this church , for example a statue of Simon Peter from the 16th century. In addition, the processional flags of the Confrérie de Charité ('Brotherhood of Mercy') are in the church.
The church and cemetery of Cocherel with the grave of Aristide Briand are listed as Site classé , the plain of Cocherel, where the battle took place, and the bridge of Cocherel are listed as site . The bridge stands in the same place as the bridge over which Du Guesclin rode to battle in 1364. In 1846 a new passable bridge was built, it was destroyed in 1940 and soon afterwards replaced by a bridge in the same style.
Economy and Infrastructure
In 2009, 11.8 percent of the workforce were employed in the municipality, the rest were commuters . 5.2 percent of the employees were unemployed .
There are two guesthouses ( Chambre d'hôtes ) in Houlbec-Cocherel with a rating of three ears of corn , which are part of the Gîtes de France initiative . The gîtes are classified, with 1 to 5 ears of grain being awarded as a quality mark. There are also several shops and craft businesses as well as a dog boarding facility.
The primary school in Houlbec-Cocherel is also used as a kindergarten . Secondary schools are colleges in Saint-Marcel and Vernon and a high school in Vernon.
The nearest train station is in Vernon. The nearest airport is Évreux Airport, 11.7 kilometers away .
Local products
Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) apply to pork ( Porc de Normandie ) , poultry ( Volailles de Normandie ) and cider ( Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand ) in the municipality .
Personalities
- Aristide Briand (* 1862 in Nantes ; † 1932 in Paris) bought the Les Hulottes farm in Cocherel in 1913 or 1914 and later owned 700 hectares of land in the municipality.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Pierre Le Brasseur: Histoire civile et ecclésiastique du comté d'Evreux . 1722.
- ^ A b Vincent Carpentier, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Cyril Marcigny: Archéologie en Normandie . Ed .: Inrap. Éditions Ouest-France, Rennes 2007, ISBN 978-2-7373-4164-9 , pp. 15th f. + 19 (French).
- ↑ C. Masset, Ph. Soulier: Allées couvertes et autres monuments funéraires du Néolithique de la France du Nord-Ouest. Editions errance, 1995.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry No. 27343 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ a b c List of the Communes. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved August 22, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Le village d'Houlbec-Cocherel. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved August 21, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Bernard de Mountfaucon: L'Antiquité expliquée et représentée s figures. Cocherel, 1721.
- ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 18 + 36–38 + 76 (French).
- ^ Dominique Cliquet: L'Eure . 27. In: Michel Provost, Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Ministere de la culture (ed.): Carte Archéologique de la Gaule . Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-87754-018-9 , chap. 659 , p. 249 (French).
- ^ Ernest Nègre: Toponymie générale de la France . tape 2 . Librairie Droz, 1996, ISBN 2-600-00133-6 , pp. 1011 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 228 (French).
- ^ A b c Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2 ( formally incorrect ) , p. 56 f . (French).
- ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 169 (French).
- ↑ Jean-Yves Marin (Ed.): La Normandie dans la guerre de Cent Ans . 1346-1450. Musée de Normandie, Caen 1999, ISBN 88-8118-552-0 , p. 27 + 32 + 44 (French).
- ↑ a b c Houlbec-Cocherel - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved August 21, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 398 (French).
- ↑ Pacy Vallée d'Eure. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on October 18, 2014 ; Retrieved August 22, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Entry No. 27343 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Commune: Houlbec-Cocherel (27343). Theme: Tous les thèmes. In: Insee.fr. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on August 13, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Gîtes de France. In: gites-de-france.com. Gîtes de France, accessed on August 21, 2012 (French).
- ↑ La CAPE. In: cape27.fr. Communauté d'agglomération des Portes de l'Eure, accessed on August 21, 2012 (French).
Remarks
Since Nègre mainly uses abbreviations, it is necessary to explain his information in more detail.
- ^ François de Beaurepaire: Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de l'Eure.
- ↑ Ernest Négre writes Hollr but according to Walter Baetke that means : Dictionary of Old Norse prose literature . 8th edition. tape 1 . Oldenbourg Akademieverlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-004897-0 , p. 268 . gracious, affectionate, benevolent, gracious, loyal, devoted, reliable. holr means 'hollow'. Beaurepaire had translated the word 'deep'.
- ↑ Walter Baetke: Dictionary of Old Norse prose literature . 8th edition. tape 1 . Oldenbourg Akademieverlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-004897-0 , p. 44 .