St-Ouen (Rouen)
The Saint-Ouen Abbey Church is an important Gothic church in Rouen . It is famous for its architecture and the Cavaillé-Coll organ .
history
The Benedictine monastery in Rouen was founded around 750. Their patron was the apostle Peter .
The nucleus of the monastery was the church built in the 7th century. Audoenus ( Saint Ouen ), later revered as a saint, was involved in its creation . He was an adviser to the Merovingian king Dagobert and entrusted with various offices at his court. From 640 he was Archbishop of Rouen . After his death in Clichy near Paris in 684, his body was transferred to Rouen and buried in the local church of St-Pierre. His grave became a destination for pilgrims ; so his name passed on to the abbey .
In 841 the Vikings plundered and destroyed the abbey, as did that of St. Wall regisel founded Fontenelle Abbey and St. Philibert founded Jumièges Abbey , in whose founding Archbishop Audoenus was involved.
After the Viking leader Rollo 911 had himself baptized, his descendants, the Norman dukes , had the three abbeys rebuilt. Abbot Hildebert (called "Heldebertus" or "Hildebertus" in documents) is considered to be the re-founder of the Abbey of Saint-Ouen. He was possibly abbot of Saint-Ouen since 960, at the latest since 989 and headed the abbey until his death in 1006.
architecture
The current church was built from 1318, interrupted by the Hundred Years War , and was not completed until the 16th century in the Flamboyant style . It is distinguished from comparable late Gothic churches by the unusually steep proportions of the central nave and the almost complete dissolution of the walls into windows. The triforium is also glazed.
The west facade was only built with a different type of limestone in the 19th century because the city had limited financial resources. She selected the cheapest project by the architect Henry Grégoire from among the applicants, the individual forms of which are based on the High Gothic architecture of Cologne Cathedral . The two west towers (which, in contrast to Cologne Cathedral, have been transferred to the octagon from the first floor ), the three portals and the figures come from this period, but not the finely designed rosette , which is an original from the 16th century. The late Gothic crossing tower is not unusual in Normandy, but is characterized by a daring statics, as the crossing pillars are only slightly thicker than the other pillars.
Stained glass window
Saint Ouen is home to the largest collection of 14th century stained glass windows in France, which can be found in the choir chapels. Elsewhere in the choir and nave, the upper and lower windows have glazing from the 15th and 16th centuries. As everywhere in the city of Rouen, the old stained glass windows were relocated in 1939 to avoid their destruction during the war. Only two historical glass windows are missing in this church: in the central upper window of the choir, the glazing is a modern work by glass master Max Ingrand with a depiction of the crucifixion because the former work was destroyed by a businessman during the French Revolution. The blue abstract glass window in the rose window is also a modern work.
Bells
There are five bells hanging in the crossing tower, the two smaller ones in a shortened rib that served as chiming bells for the clock . The three large bells form the liturgical peal, which sounds in the disposition a 0 –h 0 –cis 1 (ut – re – mi). It hangs in a monumental medieval wooden belfry with a multi-storey substructure. For Angelus the smallest bell is rung.
organ
- organ
The church houses a large four-manual organ with 64 registers , built in 1890 by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll . It is one of the most important organs in the world and is the last great work of Cavaillé-Coll, in which he brought to the greatest possible perfection the concept of the symphonic organ developed in the last phase of his life and work. Charles-Marie Widor , creator of great organ symphonies, who played them at their inauguration in 1890, is said to have compared them with admiration to Michelangelo. The disposition is as follows:
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- Manual compartments: C – g 3 , pedal range: C – f 1 .
- Coupling : Tirasse GO, Tirasse Pos., Tirasse Réc., Anches Ped., Anches Bomb., Anches GO, Anches Pos., Anches Réc., Octaves graves GO, Octaves graves Réc. / GO, Appel GO, Pos./GO , Réc. / GO, Bomb./GO, Octave graves Réc., Pos./Réc., Octave aigues Réc., Bomb./Réc.
- Titular organists
Marie-Andrée Morisset-Balier has been titular organist at the organ of the St-Ouen Abbey Church since 1977 . In June 2015, Jean-Baptist Monnot was appointed co-titular organist.
literature
in order of appearance
- André Masson: L'abbaye de Saint-Ouen de Rouen . Defontaine, Rouen 1930.
- René Verwer: The Cavaillé-Coll organ in the abbey church of St. Ouen in Rouen . 2nd Edition. Edition Lade, 1995, ISBN 3-9500017-1-9 .
- Peter Seyfried: The former abbey church of Saint-Ouen in Rouen . VDG, 2002, ISBN 978-3-89739-270-0 .
- Henry Decaëns: Saint-Ouen. Chef-d'oeuvre du gothique rayonnant . Éditions des Falaises, Rouen and Paris 2019, ISBN 978-2-84811-430-9 .
Web links
- Description of Church and Organ (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Henry Decaens: Saint-Ouen. Chef-d'oeuvre du gothique rayonnant . Éditions des Falaises, Rouen and Paris 2019, p. 11.
- ^ Jean-François Pommeraye: Histoire de l'Abbaye royale de S. Ouen de Rouen . Piget, Paris 1664, pp. 43-46.
- ^ Jean-François Pommeraye: Histoire de l'Abbaye royale de S. Ouen de Rouen . Piget, Paris 1664, pp. 13-18.
- ^ Véronique Gazeau: Normannia monastica (Xe - XIIe siècle) , Vol. 2: Prosopographie des abbés bénédictins . Center de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHM), Caen 2007, ISBN 978-2-902685-44-8 , pp. 241–242.
- ^ "Il ya du Michel-Ange dans cet orgue." S. René Verwer: The Cavaillé-Coll organ of the abbey church of St. Ouen in Rouen . Langen near Bregenz, 1991, p. 52.
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↑ In the orthography of the register plates, see René Verwer: The Cavaillé-Coll organ of the abbey church of St. Ouen in Rouen . Langen bei Bregenz, 1991, p. 64ff and p. 88ff.
The "jeux de combinaison" are in italics. - ↑ 5-fold, 1 '.
- ↑ a b Harmonique, "en chamade".
- ↑ Cf ° 1 ', from fs ° 2 2 ⁄ 3 ', 1 3 ⁄ 5 ', 1'.
- ↑ 5 times, 8 ', from c 1 .
- ↑ As a kick.
- ↑ Ab c 1 16 ′, 8 ', 5 1 ⁄ 3 ′, 4', 3 1 ⁄ 5 ′.
- ↑ 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′.
- ↑ As kicks, in the order on the table from left to right.
- ↑ Sic [!]. There is no coupling Réc. / Pos.
- ↑ 3 questions à Jean-Baptiste Monnot, organiste titulaire de l'abbatiale Saint-Ouen de Rouen - Orgue mythique et "orgue du Voyage". In: concertclassic.com. Retrieved February 10, 2018 (French).
Coordinates: 49 ° 26 ′ 33.2 " N , 1 ° 5 ′ 59" E