Angelus chimes
The Angelus is in the Catholic Church in the morning, midday and evening ringing of church bells in which the Angelus prayer is recited. The morning and evening chimes can also indicate when the church will open and close.
history
The momentum for the introduction of the evening ringing came from the Franciscan order , as the General Chapter of the Order in Pisa in 1263 under the direction of St. Bonaventure recommended to guide the faithful at the evening ringing for Compline the Blessed Mother to greet and the incarnation of God to remember because Mary heard the message of the Archangel Gabriel in the evening and received Jesus . In the 14th century, the morning bell came into use, originally accompanying a prayer for the public good and peace. It was then reinterpreted in 1423 by the particular councils in Cologne and Mainz as “a reminder of the pain of Mary at the Passion of Christ ”.
The noon bells came up again almost a century later: in 1456 Pope Calixt III ordered. to ring the bell at noon for a prayer for a victory of the Hungarian-Serbian troops in Belgrade against the besieging Turks. This was maintained after the victory of the Christian troops on July 22, 1456. It merged with the differently motivated morning and evening bells since, under the influence of the Jesuits in the 17th century, the interpretation that the morning bells reminded of the resurrection of Jesus Christ , the midday bells of his passion on the cross and the evening bells of the incarnation of Christ became decisive .
execution
The times for the morning and midday ringing of the Angelus are different (at noon usually around 12 noon or a little earlier), in the evening it usually rings at 6 p.m.
In the Rhineland and beyond, it is a widespread custom to initiate the ringing of the angelus with a sequence of strokes. This consists of three pulses of three beats each, which are separated by a pause of 10 to 20 seconds. In these interim times, The Angel of the Lord is to be prayed. This is followed by a one to five minute chime or finish with a specific bell (such as the Marienglocke). This ringing can also take place in reverse order; first the bell, then the three times three beats ( three times one beat in the Swiss canton of Valais ). The most widespread, however, is simply ringing a single bell (see ringing afterwards).
In summary:
- simple ringing of a bell (e.g. Mary's bell) for one to five minutes
- three strikes of three strikes each on a bell of lower pitch, followed by ringing with a bell of higher pitch for one to five minutes
- Pre-chiming with a bell of a higher pitch for one to five minutes, followed by a sequence of strikes on a bell with a lower pitch
Alpine room where bells with clappers scavengers are equipped (particularly in Tyrol , South Tyrol , Salzburg ), at the Angelus the clapper is held twice for some bells swings. This results in three ring sets of about one to two minutes each. Depending on the importance of the day in the liturgy, different bells are rung, for example on a church holiday with the largest bell.
Among other things, a chime with the smallest bell is added to the evening angelus in the alpine region to commemorate those who died that day. The ringing of the largest bell, which is again connected to it on a Thursday, reminds of Christ's fear of death on the Mount of Olives and is therefore called "ringing of fear" or "ringing in memory".
Angelus chimes in the Triduum Sacrum
Between the Gloria on Maundy Thursday and the Easter Vigil, the bells are silent in mourning in Catholic churches. Pickguards, ratchets, rattles, and similar wooden tools are used as substitutes to remind believers of the times for prayer and liturgy . Children walk the streets with these instruments; this is called ratcheting , also called rattling , etc.
Prayer rings in the Protestant church
In most Protestant churches, too, there is a form of daily bells as an invitation to prayer. In the Reformation church ordinances , the ringing of prayer (also called "prayer times") was retained. Typical is the passage in the Hamburg church ordinance of 1529 by Johannes Bugenhagen , which also found its way into later north German church ordinances, in which he understands the ringing as an invitation to prayer pro pace (for peace) and wants to retain it as "not a bad habit" ; however, one should say the Our Father or other prayers, but not the Ave Maria . In the Brunswick church order of 1528 it says:
“It is not a bad habit that people still beat pro pace d here. i. to peace. But it is not right to have made a Marian service out of it, and not let it remain when pious people first found it and did it: because the old name 'pro pace' shows that it started because there was a lot of war in these areas has been that one should ask in all houses and in the fields for a temporary peace. "
It has essentially remained so to this day; hence the ringing of prayer is sometimes also called “ringing the Lord's Prayer”. It begins with the invocation of God, the seven petitions follow in accordance with the Lord's Prayer and it ends with the praise of his glory. To do this, a bell is struck nine times with short pauses. The chronological sequence can be carried out by a special striking mechanism of a tower clock set up for this purpose , the so-called prayer bell mechanism.
Others
_001.jpg)
Sometimes there are legal disputes over alleged violations of the Federal Immission Control Act about the morning bell , but these regularly fail because ringing the Angelus is considered a cultural tradition within an appropriate framework. A permissible limit value of 58 decibels applies to purely residential areas. However, the bell for church services is excluded from this limit, as this enjoys greater legal protection.
The ringing of the angelus is the title of the most famous picture by the French painter Jean-François Millet . This depiction of rural piety, created in the mid-19th century, inspired Salvador Dalí ,among others, whose work contains numerous allusions to it.
In addition to the Angelus and the tolling of a church service at the beginning there is also the holiday bell announcing the liturgical beginning of Sundays and high holidays. Ringing bells on Friday at 3 p.m. reminds of the hour of Jesus' death in many places.
literature
- Ansgar Hense: ringing bells and striking the clock. The use of church bells in ecclesiastical and state legal systems. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 1998 ISBN 3-428-09346-1
Individual evidence
- ↑ Andreas Heinz : Angelus . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 1 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1993, Sp. 653 f .
- ↑ Andreas Heinz: Angelus . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 1 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1993, Sp. 653 f .
- ↑ Wen me sleyt pro pace
- ↑ The hour strike of a Furtwängler tower clock and nine strikes of the prayer bell mechanism in St. Magnus Church in Beber , shown on YouTube, accessed on December 3, 2017
- ↑ 16. BImSchV - single standard. In: www.gesetze-im-internet.de. Retrieved June 13, 2016 .