Saint-Wandrille Abbey
The Abbey of Saint Wandrille , former Abbey Fontenelle is a Benedictine - Abbey in Seine-Maritime in Normandy , which was founded in the 7th century and is still used today. It has been under monument protection as Monument historique since 1862 .
history
The monk Wandregisel , who was active in the mission in Normandy, founded the Fontenelle Abbey in 649 on an area that the Neustrian caretaker Erchinoald had made available to him. After an initial heyday among the West Franconian Merovingians , the abbey lost a large part of its property to secular aristocrats during the time of Karl Martell (especially under Abbot Teutsind). In 787, on the orders of Charlemagne, Landry, the abbot of Jumièges , and Richard, the count of Rouen , had a winged altar made for the abbey , which has now disappeared. Also from the year 787, a record of the entire property of the monastery, which was made on the orders of Charlemagne. This comes to the conclusion that the abbey had 4264 farms (manses) and 28 mills as well as other property, which, however, was practically lost due to mismanagement. Fontenelle was the third abbey in the province of Rouen after St-Ouen and the Abbey of Saint-Évroult .
The Gesta sanctorum patrum Fontanellensium (German: "Deeds of the holy abbots of Fontenelle"), written around 830, are considered to be the earliest evidence of monastic historiography in the Middle Ages. In general, the abbey developed an extremely active writing activity in the first half of the 9th century. The lives of saints about the abbots Wandregisel, Lantbert and Ansbert as well as about the hermit Condedus, Bishop Erembert of Toulouse , Bishop Wulfram of Sens and the abbess Childemarca of Fécamp were created here.
In a deed from Charles the Bald dated March 21, 854, the possessions of the monks of Fontenelle are listed: in Le Pecq ( Yvelines department ), Chaussy ( Val-d'Oise department ), Pierrepont in the municipality of Grancourt ( Somme department ), Bution (a place not localized that must be near Arpajon ) and Marcoussis ( Essonne department ). A short time later, around 858, the abbey was sacked by the Normans and then abandoned.
Around 960, Richard I of Normandy ordered the restoration of the abbey under the leadership of Gérard de Brogne . Duke Robert the Magnificent signed a charter that returned the lost property to the abbey, on the basis of which the monastery established its extraordinary wealth in the Middle Ages .
During the Wars of Religion , the abbey was sacked by Protestants in May 1562 , and it was dissolved and sold during the French Revolution (1789–1799).
Saint-Wandrille was reopened in 1895 by the Solesmens Benedictine monk Joseph Pothier and first run as a subsidiary of the Abbey of Saint-Martin de Ligugé , then raised to an independent Benedictine abbey in 1898 and Pothier consecrated first abbot of the abbey. For a few years it was also leased to the writer Maurice Maeterlinck .
architecture
Only ruins are left of the 13th century abbey church with stylistic elements from Normandy and Île-de-France . A new abbey church was built by the newly drafted monks themselves using material that came from a demolished manor house in the Eure department and from the time the previous church was built. The cloister of the monastery with the statue of Notre-Dame de Fontenelle dates from the 14th century, the Chapelle de Saint-Saturnin probably from the 10th or 11th century.
The relics of the canonized Wandrille, which had been kept in Belgium for a thousand years , were returned to the monastery after it was reopened.
Abbots
Fontenelle
- Heiliger Wandrille , 649–668
- Saint Lantbert , 668–678, † 695 (also Archbishop of Lyon)
- Saint Ansbert , 678–690 (also Archbishop of Rouen)
- Saint Hildebert I, 694–701
- Saint Bainus, 701–710 (formerly Bishop of Thérouanne 667–701)
- Saint Benignus, 710-724
- Saint Hugo of Champagne , 725–730 (also Bishop of Paris , Rouen and Bayeux around 720–730, Abbot of Jumièges )
- Saint Lando, 732-735
- Teutsind, 735–741 (Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours )
- Wido, 742-744, lay abbot, executed, and lay abbot of the abbey of Saint-Vaast (see guideschi )
- Rainfroy, 744-747
- Saint Wandon, 747-748
- Saint Bienheureux Austrulf, 748–753
- Witlaïc, 754-787
Saint-Wandrille
- Saint Gervold, 789–807 (previously Bishop of Evreux )
- Trasaire, 806-817
- Hildebert II, 817-818
- Einhard , 817-823
- Saint Ansegis , 823-833
- Joseph I., 833-834
- Holy Fulk, 834-841
- Hérimbert, 841-850
- Ludwig , 850–867, grandson of Charlemagne ( Rorgonids )
- Ebles, 886-892
- Womar, 950-960
- Meinhard I., 960–966, who gives up Saint-Wandrille for Mont-Saint-Michel
- Enjoubert, around 980 († 993)
- Saint Gerhard I, 1008-1031
- Saint Gradulphe (1029-1048)
- Robert I. (1048-1063)
- Saint Gerbert (1063-1089)
- Lanfranc (1089-1091)
- Gerhard II (1091–1125)
- Alain (1125–1137)
- Saint Walter I (1137–1150)
- Roger (1150-1165)
- Anfroy (1165-1178)
- Walter II (1178-1187)
- Geoffroy I. (1187-1193)
- Robert II (1193-1194)
- Reginald (1194-1207)
- Robert III de Montivilliers (1207-1219)
- Guillaume I. de Bray (1219-1235)
- Robert IV d'Hautonne (1235-1244)
- Pierre I. Mauviel, 1244-1255
- Geoffroy II. De Noytot, 1255-1288
- Guillaume II. De Norville, 1288-1304
- Guillaume III. Le Douillé, 1304-1342
- Jean I. de Saint-Léger (1342-1344)
- Richard de Chantemerle (1344-1345)
- Robert V. Balbet (1345-1362)
- Geoffroy III. Savary (1362-1367)
- Geoffroy IV. De Hotot, 1367-1389
- Jean II. De Rochois (1389-1412)
- Jean III de Bouquetot (1412-1418)
- Guillaume IV. Ferrechat (1419-1430)
- Jean IV. De Bourbon (1431-1444)
- Jean de Brametot, 1444-1483
- André d'Espinay, 1483–1500 (Commendatarabbot, also Archbishop of Bordeaux)
- Jean VI. Mallet
- Philippe de Clèves, 1502–1504 (Commendatar Abbot)
- Jacques Hommet, 1504-1523
- Claude de Poitiers 1523–1546 ( Commendatarabbot )
- Michel Bayard, 1546-1565
- Gilles Duret 1565-1567
- Pierre II. Gourreau, 1567-1569
- Cardinal Charles I. de Bourbon , 1569–1578
- Gilles de Vaugirault, 1578-1585
- Nicolas de Neufville, 1585-1616
- Camille de Neufville, 1616-1622
- Ferdinand de Neufville, 1622-1690
- Balthazar-Henri de Fourcy, 1690–1754
- Cardinal Frédéric-Jérôme de la Rochefoucauld de Roye , 1755–1757
- Louis Sextius Jarente de La Bruyère , 1757–1785
- Cardinal Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne , 1785–1790
- Joseph Bourigaud, Apostolic Administrator 1895–1898 (also Abbot of Ligugé)
- Joseph Pothier , OSB, first regular abbot of Saint-Wandrille since Jacques Hommet in the 16th century, first abbot since the abolition of the monastery by the Revolution, prior of Saint-Wandrille in 1895, abbot 1898–1923
- Jean-Louis Pierdait, OSB 1923–1941 (Prior in Silos, Coadjutor in Saint Wandrille)
- Gabriel Gonthard, OSB 1943–1962
- Ignace Dalle, OSB 1962-1969
- Antoine Levasseur, OSB 1969-1996
- Pierre Massein, OSB 1996-2009
- Jean-Charles Nault, OSB 2009 -...
literature
- John Howe: The Hagiography of Saint-Wandrille. In: Martin Heinzelmann (Ed.): L 'hagiographie du haut moyen âge en Gaule du Nord. Manuscripts, textes and centers de production. (Supplement to the Francia , vol. 52). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-7446-8 , pp. 126-192 ( online )
- Eustache-Hyacinthe Langlois: Essai historique et descriptif sur l'abbaye de Fontenelle ou de Saint-Wandrille, et sur plusieurs autres monuments des environs , éd. de Fontenelle, Saint-Wandrille, 1827.
- Ferdinand Lot : Etudes critiques sur l'abbaye de Saint-Wandrille , Honoré Champion, Paris, 1913.
- Fernand Lohier and Jean Laporte: Gesta sanctorum patrum Fontanellensium , Société d'Histoire de Normandie, Rouen-Paris, 1936.
- Ch. Fr. Toustain and René-Prosper Tassin: Histoire de l'abbaïe de Saint-Vandrille depuis l'an 1604 jusqu'en 1734 , éd. Jean Laporte, Saint-Wandrille, 1936.
- Jean Laporte: Inventio et miracula sancti Vulfranni. in Mélanges , 14th row, Société d'Histoire de Normandie, Rouen-Paris, 1938, pp. 8-83.
- Jean Laporte: Annales Fontanellenses priores (Chronicon Fontanellense). in Mélanges , 15th series, Société d'Histoire de Normandie, Rouen-Paris, 1951, pp. 65-90.
- Jean Laporte: Fontenelle. in DHGE , Volume XVIII, Columns 915-953.
- Gabriel Gontard: l'Abbaye Saint-Vandrille de Fontenelle , éd. de Fontenelle, Saint-Wandrille, 1954.
- Pierre Le Gall: Saint-Wandrille, le monastère au quotidien , Dieppe, 1979.
- Pascal Paradié: Chronique Des Abbés de Fontenelle (Saint-Wandrille). Les Classiques De L'Histoire de France au Moyen Age, Vol. 40, Paris, 1999. (New edition of the Latin text with French translation).
- Yves Poncelet: Le temporel de l'abbaye de Saint-Wandrille aux XIVe et XVe siècles. in Annales de Normandie , October 29, 1979, pp. 301-330.
- Michel Nortier: Les sources de l'histoire de la Normandie à la Bibliothèque Nationale. in Aspects du monachisme en Normandie , Paris, 1982, pp. 158-183.
- Yves Poncelet: Recherches sur le temporel médiéval de l'abbaye Saint-Wandrille de Fontenelle des origines au XIVe siècle , Mémoire de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 1984.
- Joseph Daoust: l'Abbaye de Saint-Wandrille , Ouest-France, Rennes, 1987.
- Yves Poncelet: Le temporel de l'abbaye des origines à la restauration de 960. in l'Abbaye Saint-Wandrille , 36, 1987, pp. 10-42.
- Yves Poncelet: Les possessions anglaises de l'abbaye de Saint-Wandrille. in Annales de Normandie , 37, May 1987, pp. 149-171.
- l'Abbaye Saint-Wandrille de Fontenelle , éditions de Fontenelle, Saint-Wandrille-Rançon, 1989.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry of the abbey in the Base Mérimée , accessed on May 13, 2011.
- ↑ Kuchenbuch, Ludolf: Grundherrschaft im early Mittelalter, Idstein 1991, p. 100
Coordinates: 49 ° 31 ′ 46.4 " N , 0 ° 45 ′ 59.6" E