Fécamp Abbey
The Abbey of La Trinité de Fécamp (lat. Abbatia Sancta Trinity Fiscampus . Od Fiscamnensis ) is a former Benedictine - Abbey in Fécamp ( Seine-Maritime , Normandy ). The abbey has been classified as a Monument historique since 1840 .
history
The abbey dates back to the 7th century and arose from a community of monks around a holy blood relic. The construction of a church began in 659 and was consecrated in 665. In May 841 the abbey was the victim of a Viking raid .
Around the year 1000, Duke Richard I, who was born in Fécamp, began to rebuild the monastery. His son Richard II asked the monastery reformer William of Dijon for help in restoring the monastic community. Wilhelm traveled to Fécamp with monks, to whom he entrusted the monastery according to the Benedictine rule. About the abbey church, of which nothing remains, Dudo von Saint-Quentin reports , it has several towers, is made of both natural stone and bricks, whitewashed on the outside and painted on the inside. William of Dijon, who died in Fécamp in 1031, was buried in the church. His pupil, the important theologian Johannes von Fécamp , headed the abbey from 1028 to 1079.
Duke Wilhelm , the later conqueror of England, celebrated Easter in Fécamp in 1066 after Johannes von Fécamp had secured the financing of the campaign. In 1106 the abbey was enlarged and in 1168 it was struck by lightning. A new Gothic style church was completed in the 13th century.
In 1789 the abbey was looted and shortly afterwards abandoned by the monks.
Abbey church
Today's church building, built around 1170–1220, is one of the most significant and interesting examples of the transition from Romanesque to early Gothic in Normandy. Little remained of the previous building, consecrated in 990 and 1099: of the latter, which burned down in 1168, only two chapels remain on the north side of the ambulatory (consecrated in 1106, the oldest on the Norman mainland). Immediately afterwards, a new building began in the styles of the beginning Gothic. The abbey’s wealth, amassed by crowds of pilgrims, allowed for rapid construction progress by medieval standards. Before 1219 , the building was essentially completed with the five western bays of the nave, with their slender shapes in the pillar cross-sections and the arcades of the galleries, a more developed style than the five eastern bays. The unusual length of the nave (the church is two meters longer than Notre-Dame in Paris ) and architectural elements such as the ambulatory can also be explained by the role of the building as a pilgrimage church. The choir and transept still belong to the 12th century. The Lady Chapel in the apex of the choir was renewed towards the end of the 15th century. In 1748 the west building was replaced by a facade in the classic French Baroque style. The entrance is lined with statues of the dukes Richard I and Richard II, who are the most important donors for the abbey, who are also buried in the church in the south transept. Typical of Norman building habits is the lighted, 65 meter high crossing tower . The furnishings come from different eras. The stained glass windows from the 13th century have been brought together in the Marienkapelle, the stained glass paintings with depictions of the Trinity, St. Taurinus and Susanna . Its creator was probably Arnold von Nijmwegen, an important glass painter from Rouen . The main altar also dates from the Renaissance . In the 18th century, the altar canopy and stalls were placed in the choir.
Crossing tower , interior view
Abbots
- 1001-1029: William I of Dijon
- 1029-1080: Jean I. d'Allie
- 1080-1107: Guillaume II. De Ros
- 1108-1139: Roger d'Argences
- 1139-1187: Henri de Sully
- 1187-1190: vacancy
- 1190-1219: Raoul d'Argences
- 1220-1222: Richard I. d'Argences
- 1222-1227: Richard II. Morin de Paluel
- 1227-1259: Guillaume III. de Vaspail
- 1259-1284: Richard III. de Treigos
- 1285-1296: Guillaume IV. De Putot
- 1296-1307: Thomas de Saint-Benoît
- 1308-1326: Robert I. de Putot
- 1326–1328: Pierre I. Roger (later Pope Clement VI)
- 1329-1329: Philippe I. de Bourgogne
- 1329-1332: Robert II. De Breschy
- 1332-1334: Guillaume V. Bourget
- 1334-1343: Guillaume VI. Chouquet
- 1343-1357: Nicolas de Nanteuil
- 1357–1372: Jean II. De La Grange , 1375 cardinal
- 1372–1381: Philippe II du Fossé
- 1381-1390: Pierre II. Cervaise de Riville
- 1390-1423: Estod d'Estouteville de Torcy
- 1423-1444: Gilles de Duremont
- 1444-1465: Jean III. de La Haulle de Grémonville
- 1465–1482: Jean IV. Balue , 1467 cardinal
- 1482-1504: Antoine I de La Haye de Passavant
- 1504-1505: Antoine II. Le Roux
- 1505-1519: Antoine III. Bohier , Archbishop of Bourges in 1514 , Cardinal in 1517
- 1519–1525: Adrien Gouffier de Boissy, cardinal
- 1525–1550: Jean V. de Lorraine , 1518 cardinal, 1524 archbishop of Narbonne , 1533 archbishop of Reims , 1537 archbishop of Lyon ,
- 1550–1574: Charles I. de Lorraine , 1538 Archbishop of Reims, 1547 Cardinal
- 1574–1588: Louis I de Lorraine , 1574 Archbishop of Reims, 1578 Cardinal
- 1588-1603: Aymard de Clermont-Chaste
- 1603–1615: François I de Joyeuse , 1583 cardinal, archbishop of Narbonne, Toulouse and Rouen
- 1615-1617: vacancy
- 1617–1642: Henri II. De Guise , 1629 Archbishop of Reims, 1640 Duke of Guise
- 1642–1668: Henri III. de Bourbon-Verneuil
- 1669–1672: John VI. Kasimir Vasa , 1648–1668 King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania
- 1672-1674: vacancy
- 1674–1694: Ludwig II. Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg , 1691 Bishop of Worms
- 1694-1698: vacancy
- 1698–1731: François II. Paul de Neufville de Villeroy , 1693 Marshal of France
- 1731-1745: vacancy
- 1745–1761: Claude-François de Montboissier de Canillac de Beaufort
- 1761–1777: Charles II. Antoine de La Roche-Aymon , Archbishop of Narbonne, 1763 Archbishop of Reims, 1771 Cardinal
- 1778–1791: Dominique de La Rochefoucauld , 1778 cardinal, 1747 Archbishop of Albi , 1759 Archbishop of Rouen
literature
- Katrin Brockhaus: L'abbatiale de La Trinité de Fécamp et l'architecture normande au Moyen Âge (= Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie. Vol. 44). Société des Antiquaires de Normandie, Caen 2009, ISBN 978-2-9510558-7-2 .
- Antoine Roux de Lincy : Essai historique et littéraire sur l'Abbaye de Fécamp. Édouard Frère, Rouen 1840, ( digitized ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gall, pp. 55, 298-301
- ↑ The section follows the description of the building history in Schäfke, pp. 119–123
Coordinates: 49 ° 45 ′ 19 ″ N , 0 ° 22 ′ 54 ″ E