Jean de Lorraine
Jean de Lorraine (born April 9, 1498 in Bar-le-Duc ; † May 18, 1550 in Nogent-le-Roi ) was cardinal (1518), archbishop of Reims , Lyon and Narbonne and bishop of Metz , Toul , Verdun , Thérouanne , Luçon , Albi , Valence , Nantes and Agen .
family
Jean was the son of René II of Lorraine (1451–1508) and his second wife Philippa von Geldern (1465–1547) and brother of Claude , Anton II of Lorraine and Louis , Bishop of Verdun (1508–1522).
Life
He received his training from private tutors. He was already in childhood between 1501 and 1505 coadjutor of his uncle Henri de Lorraine-Vaudémont as Bishop of Metz . He officially followed this up in 1505.
From 1517 to 1524 he was also administrator or bishop of Toul . A year later he actually took the bishopric in Metz. In the consistory of May 28, 1518 he was created by Pope Leo X. cardinal with the titular church of Sant'Onofrio . At the same time he was appointed papal legate for Lorraine. Francis I of France played an important role in the appointment .
In 1519 he campaigned for Francis I to be elected Roman-German king. At the conclave 1521-1522 he did not participate. He took part in the following conclave of 1523 . Between 1521 and 1524 he was also Bishop of Valence et Die . He was also administrator for the Diocese of Thérouanne . From 1523 to 1544 he was also Bishop of Verdun . From 1524 to 1550 he also took over the administration of the Archdiocese of Narbonne .
This extraordinary accumulation of offices is explained by his position at the French court. He was an influential statesman at the court of Kings Franz I and Henry II . He had the full confidence of Francis I, who used him in numerous diplomatic negotiations. He was present at various meetings between the king and Henry VIII . After Francis I was captured by the troops of Emperor Charles V at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 , Jean de Lorraine campaigned for the king's release. In return he received the Abbeys of Cluny and Fécamp .
During this time he was also responsible for the burning of the penitential preacher Jean Châtelain and the beginning persecution of Protestants in his sphere of influence. In 1525, a bunch of rebellious peasants in Lorraine were defeated in connection with the German Peasants' War. In 1527 he ceded the county of Saar Werden to his brother Antoine. In 1530 he renounced the diocese of Metz in favor of his five-year-old nephew Nicolas , but remained administrator of the diocese until 1547.
He participated in the conclave of 1534 . From 1532 to 1538 he also administered the Archdiocese of Reims . Jean de Lorraine took over the diocese of Toul from 1533 to 1537 . There he was again bishop from 1542 to 1543. He was involved in the peace negotiations with Habsburg in 1537/38 after he had previously failed to prevent the war. He was also the administrator of other dioceses ( Archdiocese of Albi 1535–1550, Archdiocese of Lyon 1537–1539, Bishopric Agen 1538–1550). From 1542 to 1550 he was Bishop of Nantes and from 1547 to 1550 again Bishop of Metz. He also represented French interests at the Curia in Rome and was after the death of Paul III. 1549 the ultimately defeated French candidate for the papacy.
Jean de Lorraine distinguished himself as a promoter of scientists and artists. He corresponded with Erasmus of Rotterdam from 1524 and at times also supported him financially. Erasmus dedicated one of his works to him.
Jean de Lorraine died of a stroke in the castle of Neuvy-sur-Loire and was buried in the collegiate church of Saint-Laurent. The body was transferred to Nancy three weeks later. There he found his final resting place at the side of his father in the Cordeliers monastery church .
literature
- Cédric Michon: Les richesses de la faveur à la Renaissance. Jean de Lorraine (1498-1550) and François Ier. CAIRN-INFO (French).
- Contemporaries of Erasmus. A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. Vol. 1-3, Toronto 1995, p. 350.
Web links
- Entry on Jean de Lorraine on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- Lorraine, Jean de. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed July 20, 2016. (English)
- Jean de Lorraine in the Saarland biographies
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry on Jean de Lorraine at catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved July 20, 2016.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
|
Henri de Lorraine-Vaudémont Nicolas de Lorraine |
Bishop of Metz 1505–1543 1548–1550 |
Nicolas de Lorraine Charles de Guise |
|
Hugh des Hazards Hector de Ailly-Rochefort Antoine II. Pellagrin |
Bishop of Toul 1517–1524 1532–1537 1542–1543 |
Hector de Ailly-Rochefort Antoine II. Pellagrin Toussaint de Hossey |
| Gaspà de Tournon |
Bishop of Valence 1520–1522 |
Antoine Duprat |
| François de Melun |
Bishop of Thérouanne 1521–1535 |
François de Créquy |
| Louis de Lorraine |
Bishop of Verdun 1523–1544 |
Nicolas de Lorraine |
| Giulio de 'Medici |
Archbishop of Narbonne 1524–1550 |
Ippolito II d'Este |
| Robert III de Lénoncourt |
Archbishop of Reims 1533–1538 |
Charles de Lorraine-Guise |
| Antoine Duprat |
Archbishop of Albi 1535–1550 |
Louis I. de Lorraine-Guise |
| François II de Rohan |
Archbishop of Lyon 1537–1539 |
Ippolito II d'Este |
| Marc-Antoine de La Rovère |
Bishop of Agen 1538–1550 |
Matteo Bandello |
| Louis I. d'Acigné |
Bishop of Nantes 1542–1550 |
Charles I. de Bourbon |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lorraine, Jean de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Johann of Lorraine-Guise |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Cardinal of Lorraine |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 9, 1498 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bar-le-Duc |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 18, 1550 |
| Place of death | Nogent-le-Roi |