Guidons

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The Guidonen (also Widonen , or Lambertiner ) were a noble , originally Franconian family who ruled the Lombard Duchy of Spoleto in Italy from the middle to the end of the 9th century . Because of their married relationship with the Carolingians and the power they had over the city of Rome and the Pope , they achieved the title of King of Italy in 889 , and three years later even the Roman emperor .

Tribe list

Count Wido († 802/814) is the descendant and successor of the property of Warnharius , who founded the Hornbach monastery in the Palatinate around 742 ; Also descendants of Warnharius are Willigart (828 donor from Wilgartswiesen (Palatinate)) and her Nepos Warharius; Werner , the progenitor of the Salians , is also one of the successors of the property and probably also one of Warnharius' descendants , which shows that the two families are related: Emperor Heinrich IV emphasized in 1105 that Hornbach was founded by his ancestors.

  1. Gerwin , Count of Paris at the end of the 7th century; ∞ Gunza, sister of Basinus , Archbishop of Trier
    1. Liutwin , † 722, Bishop of Reims , Bishop of Trier , founder of the Mettlach Abbey ∞ NN, probably daughter of the house maker Chrodobertus II (Robert II) ( Robertiner )
      1. Wido, † 739, count, perhaps identical to the lay abbot Wido von Fontenelle, who was executed in 739
      2. ? Rotrude von Trier , * 690, † 724, first wife of Karl Martell
      3. Milo von Trier , Bishop of Trier , Bishop of Reims
      4. ? Warnharius, † after 771, brother of Adalbert (see below), founded the Hornbach monastery in Palatinate around 742
        1. Nantharius (Nanther)
        2. Erluin (Herloin), attested around 742, transfers his ownership rights to Hornbach on Wido
        3. Rotharius
      5. ? Adalbert, attested around 742, † after 771, Brother Warnharius' (see above)
  1. Lantbert, probably as a relative of the founder Liutwin, “estranged” the Mettlach monastery in 757/768, probably in 782 King Karl rejected his sons' claims to Mettlach; ∞ probably Deotbric, possibly from the house of the Buvinids
    1. Guido von Nantes , † 802/814, count, 796 trader to Hornbach Abbey and owner of the same with his brother Warnharius, 799 Margrave of the Breton Mark , 802 Missus Regius in Touraine
      1. Lambert I of Nantes , † between September 1st and November 10th 836 in Italy with an epidemic, Count, Margrave of the Breton Mark, 818/830 Count of Nantes and Angers 834 expelled, 819/833 together with a Herard owner of a monastery Hornbach, goes to Italy with Emperor Lothar I in 834
        1. Wido I. von Spoleto , Count, before 842/844 placed in possession of the Mettlach Monastery by Emperor Lothar, probably from 842 to 858/60 Count and Duke of Spoleto , brother-in-law of Siconulf, Duke of Benevento and Prince of Salerno ; ∞ probably 834/838 Itana, daughter of Duke Sico of Benevento or descendant of the Guelph family .
          1. Lambert, † 880 before July 8th, Count, 858 / 860–871 and 875 / 876–879 Count and Duke of Spoleto, around 879 also Margrave of Spoleto, 875/876 imperial "Defensor Patrimonii Sancti Petri", 876/878 Adopted by Pope John VIII , excommunicated in 878 for raiding Rome ; ∞ NN
            1. Wido (II.), † 882/883, Count, Duke of Spoleto 879 / 880–882 / 883
            2. "Several children"
          2. Guido von Spoleto , † 12./30. December 894 am Taro , Count, 875/876-probably 887/888 Count and Margrave of Camerino , 875/876 "Defensor Patrimonii Sancti Petri", 882/883-probably 887/888 Count and Duke of Spoleto, 886 from Pope Stephan V . Adopted, appointed King of Neustria (West Franconia) in Langres in March 888 , resigns as King of Italy in February 889 in Pavia , February 21, 891 Roman Emperor, cousin of Margrave Adalbert von Ivrea († after 928) and Archbishop Fulko von Reims († 900), buried in Parma ; ∞ around 870/876 Ageltrude , † after August 27, 923 as a nun in Fontana Brocoli near Salsomaggiore , Countess, 894 regent, daughter of Adalgis, Duke of Benevento
            1. Lambert von Spoleto , † October 15, 898 hunting near Marengo , Count, May 891 fellow-king, 892, probably fellow-emperor on February 23, 894 king of Italy and emperor, buried in Piacenza
            2. ? Itta; ∞ around 875/878 (she had three grown children in 898) Waimar, Count of Salerno , pretender of the Duchy of Benevento , probably 886/887 Byzantine patrician , blinded in 897 , † February / March 901
            3. ? Wido IV., † by Count Alberico murdered August 897, probably 887/888, certainly 891/895 to probably 898 Count and Duke of Spoleto, Margrave of Camerino, 895/897 Duke of Benevento
          3. Rothilde, † after May 24, 884, ∞ before 863 Adalbert (I.) , Count of Lucca , Margrave of Tuscien , † 884/889 ( House of Bonifacius )
        2. Doda, abbess of the Saint-Clément monastery in Nantes , around 846 abbess of Craon
        3. Lambert II of Nantes , X May 1, 852, Count "ex territorio Nannetense ortus": conquered the county of Nantes in 840/41 , recognized by the king as margrave of the Breton march in 845 , count of Nantes and Angers, expelled December 846, 849 again in office, 849 lay abbot from Saint-Aubin in Angers, buried in Savenay ; ∞ around 850/851 Rotrud, baptized 835/840 in Pavia , daughter of Emperor Lothar I ( Carolingian )
          1. Witbert (Wicbert), count, ward of King Lothar II , 869 guardian of his son Hugo, Duke of Alsace , by whom he was murdered after September 18, 892.
            1. ? Witbert (Vuibertus), Count, attested on December 21, 896 as a court assessor in Courtenot near Bar-sur-Seine
        4. Warnarius, count in Brittany 841, † executed 853
        5. ? NN
          1. Gunfer (Gunferius), nephew of Count Lambert of Nantes, from which it at 842 with Herbauges is invested
        6. ? Cunrad (Cohunradus, Cunerad), "patruus" (ie in the narrower sense uncle on the father's side) of Emperor Wido and "patruelis" (ie son of the father's brother) of Emperor Lambert, Margrave, Count of Lecco , 892 with the royal court Almenno northwest of Bergamo enfeoffed
          1. Radalt, Count of Lecco, 877/895 Count, 913/926 Count and Margrave, 895 "summus consiliarius" by Emperor Lambert
            1. ? Witbert, Count of Lecco, 949 Missus Regius or X 939 near Spoleto
              1. Subscription, 975 deacon
              2. Atto, attested in 956, † March 28 / March 20 July 975, Count of Lecco, gives Almenno 975 to the Bishop of Bergamo , buried in Almenno; ∞ Ferlinda, † after October 14, 1001, daughter of Bertarius von Bevulco
                1. Wido, 973 attested, † young
              3. Ermengarde, Countess, † after 1010; ∞ I NN; ∞ II around 967 Gandulf, 971 Count of Verona , † before June 14, 995, son of Riprand von Basilica Duce
      2. Wido, Count, probably from 813 to 831/32 Count of Vannes , perhaps identical to Count Wido of Maine , X 834
    2. Hrodolt (Ruodolt, Rhodoldus), Graf, donated property in 772 near Alzey and Bingen and in the Taunus to the Fulda monastery
    3. Werner I. (Prefect of the East) (Warnharius, Werin, Warinharius), † murdered in 814 in the Aachen royal palace , Count, 766 co-owner of Hornbach Monastery , gave four times from 767 to 812 in Lobdengau , Oberrheingau and Wormsgau to Lorsch Monastery . 814 property in the Taunus goes to Fulda Monastery (see: Salier )

literature

  • Lexicon of the Middle Ages Volume 9 Column 67 ff.
  • Detlev Schwennicke (Ed.): European family tables . Family tables on the history of the European states. New episode, volume 2: The states outside Germany, the governing houses of the other states of Europe. Stargardt, Marburg 1984, plate 188b, as well as (improved version): New series, volume 3, part volume 1: Dukes and counts of the Holy Roman Empire, other European royal houses. Stargardt, Marburg 1984, in the corrections and additions in the appendix, used therein:
  • Georg Waitz : About the origin of the Margrave Wido of Spoleto. In: Research on German History. Vol. 3, 1863, pp. 149–154, ( digitized , outdated).
  • Theodor Wüstenfeld: About the dukes of Spoleto from the house of the Guidons. In: Research on German History. Vol. 3, 1863, pp. 383-432, ( digitized , outdated).
  • Ludwig Schirmeyer: Emperor Lambert. 1900, (Göttingen, University, dissertation 1900).
  • Adolf Hofmeister : Margraves and Margraves in the Italian Kingdom in the time from Charlemagne to Otto the Great to Otto the Great (774–962). In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . Supplementary Vol. 7, No. 2, 1907, pp. 215–435, ( digital version (PDF; 11.86 MB) ).
  • Hermann Müller: Topographical and genealogical studies on the history of the Duchy of Spoleto and the Sabina 800–1000. 1930, (Greifswald, University, dissertation, 1929/1930).
  • Tullia Gasparrini Leporace: Cronologia dei duchi di Spoleto (569-1230). In: Bollettino della Deputazione di Storia patria per l'Umbria . Vol. 35, 1938, pp. 5-68.
  • Jean Dhondt: Études sur la naissance des principautés territoriales en France. (IXe – Xe siècle) (= Faculteit van de Wijsbegeerte en Letteren, Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Werken. 102, ZDB -ID 777318-3 ). Tempel, Brugge 1948.
  • Hermann Schreibmüller : The ancestors of Emperor Konrad II and Bishop Brunos of Würzburg. In: Herbipolis Jubilans. 1200 years of the Diocese of Würzburg. Festschrift for the secular celebration of the collection of the Kilian's relics (= Würzburg diocesan history sheets. 14/15). Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsverein, Würzburg 1952, pp. 173-233, (obsolete).
  • Gerd Tellenbach (Ed.): Studies and preliminary work on the history of the Greater Franconian and early German nobility (= research on the Upper Rhine regional history. Vol. 4, ISSN  0532-2197 ). Albert, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1957, (here in particular the work of Josef Fleckenstein and Tellenbach).
  • Tullia Gasparrini Leporace: Ageltrude. In: Dizionario biografico degli Italiani. Volume 1: Aaron - Albertucci. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1960, pp. 384-386, ( online ).
  • Eduard Hlawitschka: Franconia, Alemanni, Bavaria and Burgundy in Northern Italy (774–962). To understand the Franconian royal rule in Italy (= research on the history of the Upper Rhine region. Vol. 8). Alber, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 1960, (to the Counts of Lecco).
  • Rudolf Hiestand : Byzantium and the Regnum Italicum in the 10th century. A contribution to the ideological and power-political struggle between East and West (= Spirit and Work of the Times. 9, ISSN  0435-1673 ). Fretz and Wasmuth, Zurich 1964, (at the same time: Zurich, university, dissertation, 1958).
  • Wolfgang Metz : Miscommunication on the history of the Widonen and Salier, mainly in Germany. In: Historical yearbook . Vol. 85, 1965, pp. 1-27.
  • Eduard Hlawitschka: Were Emperor Wido and Lambert descendants of Charlemagne? In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries . Vol. 49, 1969, pp. 366–386, (against Emil Kimpen: Zur Königsgenealogie der Karolinger- bis Stauferzeit. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins . Vol. 103 = NF Vol. 64, 1955, pp. 35–115 , and Jürgen Sydow: Die Gegenkaiser Arnulfs von Kärnten. In: Negotiations of the Historical Association for the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. Vol. 96, 1955, ISSN  0342-2518 , pp. 431-436).
  • Michael Mitterauer : Carolingian margraves in the southeast. Franconian imperial aristocracy and Bavarian tribal nobility in Austria (= archive for Austrian history . Vol. 123). Böhlau, Graz et al. 1963, (revision of: Vienna, University, dissertation, 1960: The count families of the Bavarian brands in the Carolingian era. ).
  • Vito Fumagalli : Vescovi e conti nell'Emilia Occidentale da Berengario I a Ottone I. In: Studi Medievali . Seria 3, Vol. 14, 1973, pp. 137-204 (on the Graen von Lecco; digitized version (PDF; 5.24 MB) ).
  • Theo Raach: Mettlach Monastery / Saar and its property. Investigations into the early history and the rulership of the former Benedictine abbey in the Middle Ages (= sources and treatises on the Middle Rhine church history . Vol. 19). Society for Middle Rhine Church History, Mainz 1974, (At the same time: Saarbrücken, University, dissertation, 1971).
  • Liliana Martinelli: Note sui beni fondiari di un grande proprietario del X secolo: il conte Attone di Lecco. In: Studi di Storia Medioevale e di Diplomatica. Vol. 1, 1976, ZDB -ID 426647-x , pp. 1-16.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Gerwin, Count of Paris in "Genealogy Middle Ages"
  2. ^ Liutwin, Archbishop of Trier in "Genealogy Middle Ages"
  3. ↑ on marriage cf. Detlev Schwennicke: European Family Tables II (1984) Table 10
  4. ↑ Milo, Archbishop of Trier in "Genealogy Middle Ages"
  5. ↑ Werinheri at "Genealogy Middle Ages"
  6. ↑ in its legal meaning: (a) give away, sell, secure against access by a creditor, give (a right) out of hand, (b) deprive something of the property of another, cf. [1]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.danielbruederle.de  
  7. ^ Almenno San Bartolomeo or the neighboring Almenno San Salvatore