Friedrich Kruger
Daniel Christian Friedrich Krüger (born September 22, 1819 in Lübeck , † January 17, 1896 in Berlin ) was a lawyer and Hanseatic diplomat in Copenhagen and Frankfurt am Main, as well as a Lübeck representative to the German Reich in Berlin.
Life
origin
Krüger was born as the son of the Schonenfahrers and Lübeck Senator Joachim Friedrich Krüger . He attended the Katharineum until Easter 1839 and studied law in Bonn , Berlin and Göttingen . After receiving his doctorate in Göttingen and the state examination at the Higher Appeal Court of the Four Free Cities , he went to Paris in 1843 for seven months to study law there and to deepen his language skills.
career
In 1844 he became a lawyer and procurator at the higher appeal court in Lübeck, where he became an active member of the Jung-Lübeck group . In addition to his collaboration on the new Lübeck constitution of 1848, he soon showed a fundamental interest in the problems in trade and transport that existed for the commercial city of Lübeck, which resulted from the fact that Lübeck was isolated from inland Germany by Denmark as a result of the Congress of Vienna Opposed improvement of the transport infrastructure of Lübeck. Krüger represented Lübeck in the Erfurt Parliament in 1850 and in the Elbe Shipping Commission in Magdeburg in 1851.
In 1856 he entered the diplomatic service and was sent to Copenhagen as Hanseatic Minister- Resident of the three Hanseatic cities of Bremen , Hamburg and Lübeck . The cancellation of the sound tariff in 1855 by the government of the United States of America led, at the invitation of the Danish government, to the international conference in Copenhagen (1857), which negotiated the abolition of this tariff. He succeeded in convincing the contracting parties of the connection between the Sund tariff and the Elbe tariff and the road tariff levied by Denmark in the area of the Duchy of Lauenburg, which fell to him in 1815 or in Holstein, between Lübeck and Hamburg or the inland, so that Denmark was finally ready to to include them in the agreement. As a result, in addition to the elimination of the sound tariff, the transit tariff was also reduced to a fifth of the original level. In 1858, after long negotiations, he obtained Danish approval for the construction of the direct Lübeck – Hamburg railway line , which was then built from 1863 to 1865.
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From 1864 to 1866 he served as the Bundestag envoy of the free cities to the Bundestag in Frankfurt am Main . With the establishment of the North German Confederation , the Hanseatic cities gave him their diplomatic representation in Berlin . Here he was first in the rank of Minister Resident and after the accession to the throne Friedrich III. from March 10, 1888, in the position of a Hanseatic ambassador extraordinary and authorized minister at the royal Prussian court and as the Lübeck representative to the Federal Council. He developed his successful work in the Federal Council primarily in the committees for maritime affairs, for trade and transport, for the railways , judiciary and for Alsace-Lorraine . One of his last tasks there was the legal safeguarding of the new construction of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal . In this capacity he was on May 31, 1895 for the laying of the foundation stone of the canal in Lübeck. After the blows with the silver hammer by the ministerial director, Schultz, the ambassador hit the granite stone in the ceremony , followed by the commander of the 33rd Infantry Brigade in Altona , Major General von Fragstein and Niemsdorf .
In October 1891, on his 25th anniversary as envoy, he received numerous honors. The emperor sent him a magnificent vase with a handwriting on it. In the same year he celebrated his 50th anniversary as a doctor. For this, the Senate awarded him the golden commemorative coin Bene Merenti with which he paid tribute to his services. The Hamburg and Bremen Senate , the chambers of commerce of the three Hanseatic cities, the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities , the Berlin University and many other learned bodies congratulated him on this. At the end of the year, Krüger could also look back on 25 years of membership in the Federal Council. On this occasion, the emperor sent the jubilee a life-size picture in a gold frame and honored with the personal dedication “Navigare necesse est, vivere non est necesse”.
Krüger was also a keen connoisseur and promoter of science and art. His involvement in child and poor care was also unforgettable.
The Vice Chancellor Karl Heinrich von Boetticher gave him an honorable obituary. The senates of the Hanseatic cities had a bust of Robert Baerwald made in his memory , the marble finish of which was carried out by Reinhold Felderhoff in 1897 . Krüger's successor as the Hanseatic envoy in Berlin was the Lübeck Senator Karl Peter Klügmann .
As a painter, he had an exhibition of his charcoal drawings in the Hamburger Kunsthalle in 1890 .
family
Friedrich Krüger married Elisabeth, born on March 23, 1850. Donnenberg (1831–1889) from Hamburg. The couple had 8 children.
On his 100th birthday, his hometown named a street in the city park after him as a lasting symbol of gratitude . His tombstone in the Burgtorfriedhof still exists today, but is no longer accessible as it is now in the middle of many bushes.
Honors
-
Order of the Red Eagle 2nd class with star -
Order of the Crown (Prussia) 1st class -
Order of the crown with the Red Cross on the commemorative ribbon, 3rd class - Bavarian Cross of Merit for the years 1870/71
-
Guelph Order , Commander 1st Class -
Order of Henry the Lion , Grand Cross
-
Dannebrogorden , commander 1st class with star -
Order of the Crown of Italy , Grand Cross
-
Oldenburg House and Merit Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig , Grand Commander
-
Albrechts Order , Grand Cross
- Honorary member, Association for Lübeck History and Archeology
- Honorary member, German Archaeological Institute
Works
- Commentatio de Veterum in Germania Provincalium Ordinum Origine Atque Natura. Dissertation. Goettingen 1843.
- The Lübeck-Schwerin Railway in its relationship to Mecklenburg and its seaside towns. Lübeck 1845.
- Lübeck's Nordic trade, taking into account its importance for German manufacturing. Lübeck 1848.
- The traffic protection in Holstein and the direct Lübeck-Hamburg railway. Hamburg 1858.
literature
- Georg Fink : Dr. Friedrich Krüger / a statesman in the service of the Hanseatic city. In: The car . 1937, pp. 163-168.
- Hedwig Seebacher: Friedrich Krüger. In: Lübeck résumés. Neumünster 1993, ISBN 3-529-02729-4 , pp. 214-216.
- Werner Schubert: Materials for the creation of the BGB. Walter de Gruyter 1978, ISBN 3-11-007496-6 , p. 113 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
- Carl Friedrich Wehrmann : The participation of Lübeck in the replacement of the Sundzolls. In: Journal of the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology. Volume 6, Lübeck 1892, pp. 405-430.
- Emil Ferdinand Fehling : Fifty years ago. In memory of Friedrich Krüger and Lübeck's politics on the Sunde. In: Hansische Geschichtsblätter. Volume 33, 1906, pp. 219-243.
- P. Hasse : Krüger, Daniel Christian Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 51, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 404-408.
- Dr. jur. Krüger, Daniel Christian Friedrich. In: Jochen Lengemann : The German Parliament (Erfurt Union Parliament) from 1850. A manual: Members, officials, life data, parliamentary groups (= publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia. Large series, Vol. 6). Urban & Fischer, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-437-31128-X , pp. 191f.
- Hanseatic envoy Dr. Friedrich Kruger. For his 100th birthday. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1919, No. 1, edition of October 12, 1919.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ (1788-1848); Emil Ferdinand Fehling : Lübeck Council Line . Lübeck 1925, No. 986
- ^ Hermann Genzken: The Abitur graduates of the Katharineum zu Lübeck (grammar school and secondary school) from Easter 1807 to 1907. Borchers, Lübeck 1907. (Supplement to the school program 1907), No. 369
- ↑ See also: Lübeck-Büchener Railway
- ^ The laying of the foundation stone for the Elbe-Trave Canal. In: Lübeckische Blätter ; Volume 37, number 44, edition of June 2, 1895, pp. 297–301.
- ↑ Preserved in the holdings of the Museum of Art and Cultural History of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, see Seebacher (lit.), p. 216.
- ↑ Order and order according to the manual on the Royal Prussian Court and State 1895, p. 74
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| August Wilhelm Pauli (until 1848) |
Hanseatic envoy to Denmark 1855–1864 |
vacant |
| vacant |
Hanseatic envoy to the German Confederation 1864–1866 |
Office dissolved |
| Friedrich Heinrich Geffcken |
Hanseatic envoy to Prussia 1866–1895 |
Karl Peter Klügmann |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kruger, Friedrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Krüger, Daniel Christian Friedrich (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German lawyer and Hanseatic diplomat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 22, 1819 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lübeck |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 17, 1896 |
| Place of death | Berlin |