Body
A committee ( Latin for “lap, innermost”) is a group of experts formed to fulfill a specific task . Synonymous terms are committee , committee , in Switzerland also commission .
Committee (festival committee) is also the common name for groups that are charged with various tasks for planning celebrations .
Working method
The functioning of committees is usually determined by meetings called meetings at certain time intervals. The respective question is discussed or based on written templates . At the end there is usually a resolution , a recommendation or a final report . It can be a fixed, but also a changeable group of people who work on a factual issue, exchange information and thus usually prepare or take a decision. Its members mostly gather specialist knowledge or at least specialist interest ; they often come from different disciplines, institutions , organizational units or political directions . The different qualifications and the different origins of the members enable the committee to consider a task from different technical or political points of view and can thus contribute to increasing quality or to reaching consensus with regard to the decision-making body.
features
Committees are sometimes formed for specific tasks with temporary work focuses and perform decision-making tasks, information tasks, advisory tasks or executive tasks, for which certain functions are delegated to them. Committees can be formed both ad hoc and permanently in the private sector as well as in public administration . They are characterized by a flat organization. A distinction is made between full-time (management group, working group ) and part-time committee (committee, problem-solving group ) according to the characteristics of the extent of the work (full-time or part-time), the type of group task (unlimited permanent tasks / limited special tasks) and the time aspect (continuous / discontinuous) . Project groups can act as full-time or part-time bodies. Committees often act as an organ of a legal person .
Advantages and disadvantages
Usually, better results are achieved due to the consideration of the problems from different points of view and increased problem-solving acceptance. These advantages arise primarily due to the different backgrounds of experience and knowledge of the group members, increased motivation, a better working atmosphere and stronger goal orientation through the integration of individual interests.
On the other hand, dysfunctional factors such as communication problems, emotional tension and personal selfishness often arise. This can not only hinder the smooth workflow, but in extreme cases it can lead to the group breaking up. Depending on the size and structure of the committee, the respective laws of group dynamics apply .
Classes of bodies
There are different hierarchies in the state and in the economy. As a body , a parliament often has several committees that work on specific issues. Committees also play an important role in public companies .
Often there are the following committees for a body:
- Mediation Committee
- Personnel Committee
- Examination Board
- Technical Committee
- Advisory Board
Examples
Individual bodies
- International Working Group on Bone Tumors
- European Convention
- Austrian Music Council
- Expert committees of the German Research Foundation
- Board of Trustees of the University of Potsdam
- Women's committee of the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the Free University of Berlin
- Austrian midwifery committee
- Council of Elders and committees of the German Bundestag.
- United Nations Security Council
In business
-
Supervisory board , possibly with
- Examination Board
- Presidential Committee
- Personnel Committee
- Nomination Committee
- Mediation Committee
- Further
- Advisory Board
- works Council
- Shareholders' meeting
- Meeting of creditors
- Board of Trustees
- Bureau
- Board of Directors
State organs
- Local council , community council , city council
- houses of Parliament
- Parliamentary committees like
- Federal Council (Germany)
- Federal Council (Austria)
- government
- State Council
- Soviet
- Federal Council
- City council
- Municipal council
- Council of People's Representatives , Government in Germany, 1918–1919
- Council of People's Commissars , Government of Soviet Russia, 1917–1922
- Committees in governments like
- Cabinet Committee
- inter-ministerial committee
- National Ethics Council
- Federal Security Council
- Crisis team for emergency situations
- other
- Hofrat , advisory body in Austria
- District Administrator , z. B. in Switzerland some cantonal parliaments
- Privy Councilor in the Holy Roman Empire
- Studienrat, the school administration authority, for example in Württemberg until 1866
Committees are also set up spontaneously, such as the first workers 'and soldiers' councils in the Soviet republic in council communism or the so-called " round tables " at which many of the revolutions in 1989 were negotiated or designed.
literature
- Dietmar Vahs : Organization. Introduction to organizational theory and practice. 5th edition. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-7910-2357-8 , pp. 80/81.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ committee. Pons-Verlag , accessed on May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Frank Nullmeier , Tanja Pritzlaff u. a .: Decision-making in committees - from video recording to process analysis . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-531-16052-8 ( reading sample in the Google book search [accessed on May 9, 2019]).