Joms Vikings
The Jomswikings were a legendary Viking mercenary union in the area of the southern (possibly the now part of Poland ) Baltic coast. The old Norse Jómsvíkinga saga reports on the rise and fall of the dreaded men's association with strict regulations.
“No man should be admitted here who is older than fifty and no younger than eighteen years. Everyone should be in between. Consanguinity should not play a compensatory role if men were to be accepted who did not comply with the law. No man should flee from someone equally armed and equally armed. Each should avenge the other like his brother. No one should speak a word of fear or despair in any situation, however hopeless it may seem. Everything they captured on the military expeditions they should bring to the bar, lesser or greater goods, the value of money. And if someone hadn't done that, he should have to go. Nobody should slur a slander. But when news comes out, no one should be so cheeky as to communicate it publicly; for Palnatoki was supposed to announce all the news there. Nobody should have a wife in the castle and nobody should be away for more than three nights. And if a man were admitted who had killed the father or brother of a man who had been there before, or some other related man, and who came out later after he was admitted, Palnatoki should decide all that, and so also with everyone else Disagreement that would arise among them. "
Its seat is said to have been the Jomsburg , the location of which is assumed either on the island of Wollin or at the mouth of the Peene on the island of Usedom . The port at that time was said to be able to accommodate 300 longships. The square is also known as the “ Atlantis of the North”, where the sunken city of Vineta was located. According to Old Norse sources, a large part of the Yomswikings followed the Swedish heir to the throne Styrbjörn and fell together with Styrbjörn in 983 or 986 in the battle of Fýrisvellir against the Swedes. Against the Norwegians, the Jomswikings lost the battle at Hjørungavåg in 994 , which is said to have sealed their doom. Nevertheless, they are said to have participated in the naval battle of Svold in the year 1000 .
The Jomsvikinga saga is believed to be largely fiction . However, it can be assumed that the mercenary association described actually existed, since other sagas and documents of the time refer to it.
During the time of National Socialism , the saga was received and translated very often because of its content-related references to the men's society theory . Between 1934 and 1939, no fewer than eight translations from Old Icelandic into German were submitted.
Based on the historical, legendary Viking men's association, numerous living history groups have named themselves after the Jomswikings. The tenth studio album by the Swedish music group Amon Amarth is called Jomsviking .
literature
- Roderich Schmidt : Yes. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 16, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016782-4 , pp. 120-121. ( Article retrieved via Germanic Antiquity Online at De Gruyter Online)
- Sebastian Brather , Jürgen Udolph : Wollin. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 34, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-018389-4 , pp. 218-223. ( Article retrieved via Germanic Antiquity Online at De Gruyter Online)
- Julia Zernack: Jómsvíkinga saga. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 16, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016782-4 , pp. 69-71. ( Article retrieved via Germanic Antiquity Online at De Gruyter Online)
- Lutz Mohr : The Jomswikinger - myth or truth . Edition Pommern, Elmenhorst 2009, ISBN 978-3-939680-03-1 .
- Lutz Mohr: The saga of the Jomswikinger . Edition Pommern, Martensdorf 2006, ISBN 978-3-939680-00-0 .
- Lutz Mohr, Harald Krause: The Jomsburg in Pomerania. History and technology of a lost Viking sea festival . 2nd ext. Edition, Wessels Puppet Media, Essen 2002 DNB 964377365 .
- Lutz Mohr: Dragon ships in the Pomeranian Bay. The Jomswikinger, their Jomsburg and the Gau Jom. Edition rostock maritim. Edited by Robert Rosentreter . Koch, Rostock 2013, ISBN 978-3-864360-69-5 .
- Reinhard Barth: Taschenlexikon Wikinger , Piper, Munich / Zurich 2002, ISBN 3-492-23420-8 (= Piper series , volume 3420).
- Georg Domizlaff : The Jomsburg. Investigations into the Jomswikinger Seeburg . Leipzig, Curt Kabitzsch Verlag 1929.
- Hans Jänichen: The Vikings in the Vistula and Oder region . Leipzig, Curt Kabitzsch Verlag 1938.
- Otto Kunkel u. Karl August Wilde: Jumne, Vineta, Jomsburg, Julin, Wollin. 5 years of excavations on the ground of the large settlement from the Viking Age on the Dievenowstrom 1934–1939 . Szczecin 1941.
- THULE. Old Norse poetry and prose . Volumes 14–16: Heimskringla = Snorri's Book of Kings I-III ; Volume 19: Tales of the Orcades, Denmark and the Jomsburg (Knytlingasaga and Jomsvikingasaga) . Edited by Felix Niedner and Walter Baetke . Jena. Eugen Diederichs Verlag 1924.
- Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania in two volumes . Gotha, Friedrich Andreas Perthes AG 1919/1921.
- Vedel Simonsen: Historical study on Jomsburg in the Wendenlande . From the Danish by Ludwig Giesebrecht . Szczecin: Morin 1827