Tuczno

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Tuczno
Tuczno coat of arms
Tuczno (Poland)
Tuczno
Tuczno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Wałcz
Gmina : Gmina Tuczno
Area : 9.28  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 11 '  N , 16 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 11 '0 "  N , 16 ° 9' 0"  E
Height : 107 m npm
Residents : 1934
(Jun 30, 2019)
Postal code : 78-640
Telephone code : (+48) 67
License plate : ZWA
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 177 Czaplinek ↔ Wieleń
Rail route : Piła-Ulikowo
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Residents: 4956
(June 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 3217043
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayoress : Teresa Łuczak
Address:
ul.Wolności 6 78-640 Tuczno
Website : www.tuczno.pl



Tuczno [ 'tuʈ͡ʂnɔ ] ( German Tütz , formerly also Tietz ) is a small town in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship with about 2,000 inhabitants. It is the headquarters of the urban and rural community named after it .

Geographical location

The city is located in West Prussia , in the center of the Kroner Lake District (Pojezierze Wałeckie). The place is surrounded by the Lübenowsee, Tafelsee and Tützsee, which lie below the 152 meter high Galgenberg and the 131 meter Grüneberg. The Draheim National Park extends to the west of the village. The nearest larger city Wałcz ( Deutsch Krone ) is 50 kilometers away by road (20 kilometers as the crow flies).

history

Tütz west of the town of Schneidemühl on a map of the province of Posen from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time )
City Church (15th century)
Tütz Castle , owned by the von Wedel family from 1338 to 1739

The name of the city is best derived from tok = Spring, Quell , in general everything that rises up, swells (see the Low German Tutz = toad ). Over the centuries the name changed as follows: 1337 Tenczik , 1341 Tencin , 1364 Thucz and Thucza , 1374 Thucz , 1602–1654 Tucno , 1783 Tietz and Tütz . The name Tütz prevailed over the years and was used until 1945.

As excavations in the 1930s have shown, there was already inhabited land on the lakes north of the Grünerberg in the 7th century. The area around the later Tütz belonged to the sphere of influence of Pomeranian and Polish princes until the 13th century. Around 1250 it was owned by the Brandenburg margraves. In order to make it arable, the margraves gave the area to the Wedel family as a fief. Already in 1306 the place Tütz is reported with a city privilege written in Low German. In 1331, Margrave Ludwig of Brandenburg officially granted city rights. Tütz was provided with a fortification wall and a double moat, and in 1338 the Wedel began building the Tütz Castle.

In the following years, the city got into the clashes between Brandenburg, Pomerania and Poland, who fought for dominance in the area between Netze and Drage . Tütz was sacked during a Polish raid in 1364. In 1368 the Brandenburg Margrave Otto the Lazy renounced the areas east of the Drage, which also included Tütz, in favor of Poland. The construction of the town church began around 1395. From 1402 Tütz was owned by the Teutonic Order , but came back into Polish possession after the Second Peace of Thorner in 1466. The place belonged to the Polish state until the first partition of Poland in 1772 and there to the northern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship.

The branch of the Wedel family based in Tütz had changed over to Protestantism in the 1640s. A generation later, however, the Wedel-Tuczyński became Catholic again and remained so until they died out in 1717. The Protestant phase of the place gradually ended after the death of Stanisław Wedel-Tuczyński in 1587. His father Matthias had through his marriage to Katarzyna Danaborska -Krojanke Polonized the Wedel-Tütz to a considerable extent. Stanisław's son and heir, Christoph Wedel-Tütz , was born after the death of his mother Katarzyna. Opalińska grew up in a Catholic faction of the Opaliński family in Poznan and became a staunch advocate of Catholicism there.

With his endeavors to recatholize Tütz, Wedel-Tuczyński had a dispute since the nineties not only with the Protestant bourgeoisie (whose leader, the mayor and a council member, he had executed in 1596), but in particular with the still Protestant Wedel Friedland (Wedelski), a neighboring branch of the Wedel family in the north of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The Wedel-Friedland had been resident in Friedland / Mirosławiec since the beginning of the 14th century, and to a large extent also in Tütz. This charge was the subject of two partition agreements with Wedel-Tuczyński, even after the Wedel-Friedland had lost their headquarters in Friedland in 1593. In 1599 Tütz was divided into a Catholic and a Protestant half, and in 1616 it was quartered into three Catholic and one Protestant parts. Most recently, the place had become a base for the Catholic faith in the east of the country.

In the years between 1608 and 1631 the Wedel-Tuczyński expanded their castle, a left and right wing of the building and another corner tower were built. The next few years brought severe disasters for the place. In 1624 half of the 1,100 inhabitants died of the plague , in 1640 a fire destroyed large parts of Tütz including the church, and in the Polish-Swedish war the place got between the fronts. In 1707 the plague struck the population again.

Article V of the Warsaw Treaty of 1773 made Schloppe a German city again under Prussian rule. It was initially administered in the network district . After the reorganization of the Prussian district administration, the city was assigned to the Deutsch Krone district in West Prussia in 1818 . Almost the entire city fell victim to a major fire in 1834, including the two churches. From 1867 the newly built Falkenburg – Filehne Chaussee ran through Tütz, and with the opening of the Kallies – Deutsch Krone line on September 1, 1888, it was also connected to the railway network. At the beginning of the 20th century, Tütz had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue .

After the First World War and the associated loss of the Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia , Tütz came to the newly formed Prussian province of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia in 1922 , after which it became part of the Prussian province of Pomerania in 1938 . From 1920 to 1927 the Catholic administration for the remnants of the dioceses of Kulm and Gnesen ( Free Prelature ) that remained with Germany was housed in Tütz Castle . The scenic surroundings made the city grow into a climatic health resort in the 1930s.

Towards the end of the Second World War , on February 11, 1945, the Red Army took Tütz after heavy fighting. After the occupation, the inner city was burned down by Soviet soldiers. A few weeks later the city was placed under Polish administration by the Red Army . The city was renamed Tuczno . Unless the inhabitants had fled, they were subsequently expelled and replaced by Poles.

Old city coat of arms

Old city coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver a maiden clad in blue, holding up a red wheel in each hand."

Only one seal of the Magistrate zu Tuetz from 1800 is known that shows this representation. The picture was obviously chosen to commemorate the fact that the brothers Stanislaus and Christoph Wedel granted the place a privilege in 1333, because their coat of arms was a wheel.

Population numbers

year Residents Remarks
1783 0 361 104 of them Jews
1804 0 865 including 241 Jews
1810 0609
1816 0821 including 153 Evangelicals, 517 Catholics and 151 Jews
1821 0914
1839 1,149 including 789 Catholics, 279 Evangelicals and 81 Jews
1853 1,280
1875 1,908
1880 2,045
1900 2.113
1905 2.120 mostly Catholics
1825 2,346
1833 2.712
1939 2,747
2004 2.014

traffic

The station on the former Stargard - Deutsch Krone line is two kilometers north of the city and is called Tuczno Krajenskie .

partnership

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Tuczno  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : History of the Deutsch-Croner circle . Published by Ernst Lambeck, Thorn 1867, p. 208.
  3. ↑ Grzegorz Jacek Brbestowicz : Wedelscy vel Frydlandzcy. Średniowieczni Wedlowie na Miroslawcu . In: Krzyżacy, szpitalnicy, kondotierzy. Studia z dziejów średniowiecza. No. 12 . Malbork 2006, p. 19-41 .
  4. ↑ Ludwik Bąk: Ziemia Walecka w dobie reformacji i kontrrefomacji w XVI-XVIII w. Piła 1999.
  5. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 843.
  6. ^ Karl Rupprecht (ed.): City and district of German crown. Bad Essen 1981
  7. ^ German town book - Handbook of urban history by Prof. Dr. Erich Keyser , published in 1939 by W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart, Volume I, Northeast Germany, pp. 255/256
  8. ^ German local coats of arms by Prof. Otto Hupp , published in 1925 by Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft Bremen
  9. ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : History of the Deutsch-Croner circle . Thorn 1867, p. 211.
  10. ↑ a b c Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 394–395, item 757.
  11. ^ HJ Meyer: The great conversation lexicon for the educated classes . Volume 12, Hildburghausen, Amsterdam, Paris and Philadelphia 1853, p. 735.
  12. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. deutschkrone.html # ew39dtkrotutzstadt. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  13. ↑ https://reiseauskunft.bahn.de/bin/traininfo.exe/dn/780693/668617/321742/99360/80