Człopa

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Człopa
Coat of arms of Człopa
Człopa (Poland)
Człopa
Człopa
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Wałcz
Gmina : Gmina Człopa
Area : 6.33  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 5 '  N , 16 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 5 '0 "  N , 16 ° 6' 0"  E
Height : 74 m npm
Residents : 2322
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 78-630
Telephone code : (+48) 67
License plate : ZWA
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 22 Kostrzyn nad Odrą ↔ Grzechotki
Ext. 177 Czaplinek ↔ Wieleń
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Residents: 4945
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 3217023
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayoress : Halina Rakowska
Address:
ul.Strzelecka 2 78-630 Człopa
Website : www.czlopa.pl



Człopa [ 'ʈ͡ʂwɔpa ] (German Schloppe ) is a city in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the Powiat Wałecki ( Deutsch Krone district ) and has about 2400 inhabitants. The city is the headquarters of the urban and rural municipality of the same name (Gmina) .

Geographical location

The city is located in the historical region of West Prussia in a 600-meter-wide valley bottom lined with 20-meter-high slopes through which the river Dessel ( Cieszynka ) flows, about 32 kilometers southwest of Deutsch Krone ( Wałcz ) and 108 kilometers southeast of Szczecin .

A chain of lakes runs in the immediate vicinity, which belongs to the Kroner Lake District, which extends to the west. There is also a nature reserve about 10 kilometers away.

history

Schloppe west of the town of Schneidemühl - see upper half of the picture - on a map of the province of Posen from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time ).
Former district court of Schloppe
Church building
Street in Schloppe

The village arose on a place where there was a rampart for a Slavic chief's seat at the beginning of the 11th century . The Schloppe patch is mentioned for the first time in a written document from 1245. The name city appears for the first time in the document with which the noble family von Wedell is appointed as feudal lord. Around this time, the previous Polish sovereignty was replaced by the Brandenburg Ascanians , but in 1368 Margrave Otto the Lazy left the Schlopper land to the Poles again. The new feudal lords were the Czarnkowskis, robber barons who started raiding from Schloppe into the Brandenburg areas until the 15th century.

The Protestant faith was adopted by the majority of Schlopper citizens in 1555. The Counter-Reformation initiated by the Polish rulers, however, wrested the town church from them in 1618 in favor of the residents who remained Catholic. The church fell victim to a city fire in 1637 and was not rebuilt until 1660. Until the end of Polish rule, Schloppe was a customs post. In 1739 and 1765 large parts of the town were destroyed in renewed city fires.

Article V of the Warsaw Treaty of 1773 made Schloppe a Prussian town. Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II acquired the city rule in 1791 and left it to his mistress Countess Lichtenau. He financed the reconstruction of the city, but made it a condition that the streets be laid out geometrically and a wide marketplace built. In 1806 Napoleon captured the city. After the French withdrew in 1814, the estate was also over; the Schlopper became free citizens. The Protestant church was built on the market in 1826. With the district reform of 1815, Schloppe was incorporated into the Deutsch Krone district in the West Prussian administrative district of Marienwerder. Schloppe was largely spared from the cholera epidemic that had been rampant in the district since 1848 , apart from one death.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Schloppe had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a district court, a chief forester, potato starch production , dye works, beer breweries and wood cutting mills. Between 1899 and 1904 the small railroad lines to Kreuz and to Deutsch Krone were built, which led to the settlement of several businesses, such as B. a sawmill and a machine factory.

The loss of the provinces of Poznan and West Prussia after the First World War resulted in many residents of these areas moving to Schloppe. This created the new suburban settlement on the road to the train station. From 1922 Schloppe belonged administratively to the newly formed province Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia and after its dissolution in 1938 it came to Pomerania . The city lived mainly from handicrafts and trade and cloth making. She became known nationwide through the Schlopper markets, especially the horse markets.

Towards the end of the Second World War , from January 29 to February 3, 1945, German and Soviet units fought for the city. After the capture by the Red Army , their soldiers set the old town on fire, so that in the end only the station suburbs remained. In the summer of 1945 the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with all of West Prussia . Insofar as the German residents had not fled, they were subsequently expelled from Schloppe by the local Polish administrative authority .

Population development

until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1783 1,018 230 of them Jews
1802 1,150
1810 1,218
1816 1,293 of which 931 Protestants, 79 Catholics and 283 Jews
1821 1,392
1831 1,519
1839 1,569 1,158 Protestants, 100 Catholics and 311 Jews
1854 1,780
1875 1,943
1880 2.156
1900 2,228
1905 2.130 mostly evangelicals
1925 2,428
1933 2,856
1939 2,988
since 1945
year Residents
1963 2,255
2010 2,354

traffic

The city lies at the intersection of the old post road from Berlin to Königsberg with the Polenweg, which led from Wieleń ( Filehne ) over the network to Tütz and Kolberg . State road 22 (formerly German Reichsstrasse 1 ) runs through the city and connects it with the neighboring cities of Wałcz ( Deutsch Krone ) and Strzelce Krajeńskie ( Friedeberg (Neumark) ).

There is a connection to the railway line Krzyż Wielkopolski ( Kreuz ( Ostbahn )) - Wałcz ( Deutsch Krone ).

literature

in order of appearance

Web links

Commons : Człopa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Home book of the district of Dt. Krone, von Pfeilsdorff, 1922
  3. ↑ a b Dr. Mecklenburg: What can the medical police do against cholera? Answered based on my own experience . Berlin 1854, p. 10
  4. ↑ a b Meyer's Great Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 872.
  5. ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : History of the Deutsch-Croner circle . Thorn 1867, p. 214
  6. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 378–379, item 641.
  7. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 375–376.
  8. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. deutschkrone.html # ew39dtkrmschlpp. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).