Skarszewy
| Skarszewy | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Starogardzki | ||
| Gmina : | Skarszewy | ||
| Area : | 9.43 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 4 ' N , 18 ° 26' E | ||
| Residents : | 7136 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 83-250 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 58 | ||
| License plate : | GST | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Kościerzyna - Tczew | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Skarszewy [ skar'ʃɛvɨ ] ( German Schöneck in West Prussia ) is a town with about 7000 inhabitants in Powiat Starogardzki in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name .
Geographical location
The city is located in the former West Prussia , on the Wietcisa ( Fietze ), about 40 kilometers south of Gdansk .
history
The village was founded in 1180 by the Order of St. John on land that the Pomerellian Duke Sobiesław I had granted him and which had previously been owned by the Order of the Knights Templar . The first notes about the place date from 1198. In 1309 the area of Schöneck with Pomerellen became part of the Teutonic Order state through the Treaty of Soldin . In 1334 the order clarified property issues with the Johannites in the area of Schöneck. The town charter was awarded the 1,320th Remains of a castle and a city wall from that time are still preserved. In 1370 the Johanniter sold the city to the Teutonic Order .
After the Thirteen Years of City War , Schöneck came from the Teutonic Order State of Prussia to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share (West Prussia), which had voluntarily submitted to the sovereignty of the Polish crown, through the Second Peace of Thorn .
Since the starost of the place had been the voivode of the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1613 , Schöneck Castle was also the seat of the Voivodeship, where the district administrator met and the archive was kept.
When West and East Prussia were united in the course of the first partition of Poland in 1772, Schöneck became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . The city had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue . Between 1818 and 1920 Schöneck was part of the Berent district in West Prussia . At the beginning of the 20th century, Schöneck had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue, a district court, an old castle (which at that time housed the dairy) and some medium-sized businesses.
After the First World War , Schöneck had to be ceded to Poland in 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor on West Prussian territory and came to the Powiat Starogardzki (in its then different shape) in the new Pomeranian Voivodeship .
As a result of the attack on Poland in 1939, the territory was incorporated into the Reich in violation of international law . Until 1945, Schöneck belonged to the now occupation district Berent in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , the Nazi Reich.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . Unless German residents had fled, they were expelled from Schöneck in the following period .
Today there are two Catholic churches in the city, a large Baptist congregation with its own cemetery, several kindergartens, some elementary schools and secondary schools.
Several industrial companies are located in the city.
Demographics
- Population development since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1783 | 1,029 | The residents are Germans, mostly of Protestant denomination |
| 1802 | 1,518 | |
| 1810 | 1,451 | |
| 1816 | 1,480 | 640 Protestants, 641 (644?) Catholics and 196 Jews |
| 1821 | 1,606 | |
| 1831 | 1,774 | |
| 1867 | 2,788 | 1,405 Protestants, 1,121 Catholics and 217 Jews |
| 1871 | 2,701 | |
| 1905 | 3,379 | half Catholic |
| 1921 | 3,010 | including around 1,000 Germans |
City arms
In memory of the town's founders, the Johanniter, the coat of arms of the town, founded in 1320, showed the head of Johannis the Baptist on a shield with the inscription SIGILLUM CIVITATIS SCHONECCENSIS (= town coat of arms of Schöneck) until modern times .
local community
The town-and-country municipality of Skarszewy has a population of around 14,000. In addition to the city as the core town, it consists of 19 villages with a Schulzenamt.
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 65–66, No. 4.)
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 389–390, no. 22.
- Isaac Gottfried Gödtke : Church history of the city of Schöneck . In: Archives for patriotic interests . New series, year 1845, Marienwerder 1845, pp. 763–777.
- Gustav Rahts: Contribution to the history of the administration of justice 300 years ago. Rules of court and procedure of the town of Schöneck in West Prussia from 1572. Taken from a manuscript . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Ninth series, volume 9, Königsberg i. Pr. 1872, pp. 41-49.
Web links
- Municipality website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 65–66, No. 4.)
- ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Volume 4: The time from the subjugation of Prussia in 1283 to Dieterich von Altenburg's death in 1341 . Königsberg 1830, p. 509.
- ^ A b August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 389–390, no. 22.
- ^ A b Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 1.
- ↑ Erich Woelke, Gisela Borchers: formerly the way to school - today the hiking path . in: Berenter Kreisbote , 5/2003. P. 10 (PDF; 821 kB); Accessed May 18, 2009
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 378–379, item 652.
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 4: P – S , Halle 1823, p. 267.
- ^ A b Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 44, point 6.
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus . Volume 16, Leipzig 1933, p. 771.
- ↑ Friedrich August Voßberg : History of the Prussian coins and seals from the earliest times to the end of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Berlin 1843, p. 49.