Right town

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Long market with town hall, around 1890/1900

The right city (Polish Główne Miasto , "capital" ) is the historically most important district of Gdansk .

location

The right city is located in the city ​​center of Gdansk. It borders on the old town in the northeast, the Speicherinsel in the east, and the suburb in the south .

Designations

The following historical names have survived for this part of Gdansk:

  • Neustadt - 1345 nova civitas , 1379 nuwe stad ; to distinguish it from the old town ( alden stad )
  • Neudanzig - 1402 nüwe Danczk , later neye Gdanczk
  • Rechtsstadt - 1406 right statute , 1635 prawe miasto ; since then mostly until 1945; indicates that the law largely originates from this city
  • Capital - 1526 principalis civitas , 1584 primaria civitas , since 1945 Główne Miasto

history

Danzig 1601, right town with St. Mary's Church, Dominican monastery and St. John's Church in the lower part
View and map from 1687, oriented north to right. The right town, marked with A, is centrally located around the brightly highlighted Marienkirche (No. 10)

The oldest traces of settlement in the Rechtstadt are known from the 10th century, when there was a cemetery at the later Nikolaikirche . This probably belonged to a settlement at the old Slavic castle (later Hagelsberg ). In addition, the remains of a house from this time were found at what was later to become the town hall , which was located on an important trade route to the south.

The construction of the Nikolaikirche is known from before 1190, where a Dominican monastery was founded in 1227 , the first in Pomerania. It is not certain which settlement Gdansk received city ​​rights under Luebian law around 1227 (before 1263); more recent archaeological finds point more towards the old town. In any case, after the conquest of Danzig by the Teutonic Order, the new town was the first to be granted town charter under Kulm law in 1343, the old town not until 1377, the young town in 1380. During this time there were three independent towns in the Gdansk area. In 1440 the right town was one of the founding members of the Prussian Confederation against the rule of the Teutonic Order. Since 1455 it was the sole seat of the city council and the mayor of Gdansk. Since then it has remained its political, economic and cultural center.

In 1945 almost the entire Rechtstadt, as well as the rest of the city center, was destroyed. In the 1950s, a historicizing reconstruction began, which included an idealized reconstruction based on models from the 16th and 17th centuries, the time of Polish rule over Danzig. The “Prussian” 19th century was deliberately left out of consideration, while English, Dutch, Italian and French influences were emphasized. The reconstruction was largely limited to building the edge of the block and the design of the facade on the street side; the interior was only reconstructed for individual architecturally significant buildings. As a rule, the apartment layouts do not correspond to the outer facade, access is via stairwells arranged in the inner courtyard. The inner courtyards were used to build playgrounds, kindergartens or boiler houses and otherwise remained undeveloped. The restoration of smaller cross and side streets was avoided due to the block perimeter development, and there are also no streets in the vicinity of individual monuments, such as St. Mary's Church, which was waived in favor of the desired visual axes.

Buildings and sights

Many of the important historical buildings and sights of Gdańsk are located in the right city.

Churches

Other structures

Gates

Cultural sites

Streets

literature

Web links

Commons : Rechtstadt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

City map from 1932

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Główne Miasto Gedanopedia (Polish)
  2. ↑ Beginnings of Danzig Gedanopedia (Polish)
  3. ↑ cf. Peter Oliver Loew: Danzig. Biography of a city. Beck, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-406-60587-1
  4. ↑ As in Thorn , Elbing , Koenigsberg etc., cities existed administratively and structurally by city walls or ditches with different city councils right next to each other.
  5. ^ Jacek Friedrich: New city in an old garb - The reconstruction of Danzig 1945-1960 . Ed .: Böhlau Verlag. 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-20312-2 , pp. 38 ff., 235 ff .
  6. ↑ Konstanty Kalinowski: Recourse to history. Reconstruction of Old Towns in Poland - The Example of Gdansk . In: German Poland Institute (Hrsg.): The razing - destruction and reconstruction of historical buildings in Germany and Poland . 2005, ISBN 3-447-05096-9 , pp. 80 ff .

Coordinates: 54 ° 20 ′ 55.9 ″  N , 18 ° 39 ′ 10.4 ″  E