Krylovo
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Krylowo
Nordenburg Крылово
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Krylowo ( Russian Крылово , German Nordenburg , Lithuanian Ašvėnai , Polish Nordembork (Oświn) ) is a town in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in Prawdinsk district with 785 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). The settlement has belonged to the Pravdinsk district since January 1, 2016 (Правдинский городской округ).
Geographical location
The place is located directly north of the border with Poland and east of Schelesnodoroschny . It is located on the Putilowka (further in Poland as Oświnka; formerly German Swine, before that Aschwöne ), which flows a good two kilometers south on Polish territory into the Oświn Lake (formerly the Nordenburg Lake ).
traffic
The regional road 27A-028 (ex A 196 ) coming from Kaliningrad and the regional road 27A-042 (ex A 197 ) coming from Bolshakovo via Chernyachowsk meet in Krylovo and end at the border to Poland.
Before 1945, Nordenburg was a train station on the Königsberg (Prussia) (Kaliningrad) –Löwenhagen (Komsomolsk) –Gerdauen (Schelesnodoroschny) –Angerburg (Węgorzewo) railway . In addition, two small railway lines ended in Nordenburg : the line ( Insterburg (Tschernjachowsk) -) Warnascheln (1938-1945 Warnheide ) –Nordenburg of the Insterburger Kleinbahnen and the line ( Rastenburg (Kętrzyn) -) Barten (Barciany) –Nordernburg of the Rastenburger Kleinbahnen . There is no longer any rail traffic in Krylowo.
The water tower at the train station was renovated in 2020.
The construction of a border crossing between Krylowo and the Polish Perły (formerly Perlswalde) is planned on the route of the former Reichsstrasse 131 running in a south-easterly direction .
Krylowo settlement (Nordenburg)
history
Early history
The area around Nordenburg was already settled in prehistoric times, as evidenced by battle axes, urns and skeletons in the city area, as well as a burial ground near Werder, south of the city, on the Nordenburger Lake. A Prussian castle was on the Hexenberg, surrounded by the Swine, about a kilometer north of the city. In 1336 the Lithuanian prince Kęstutis is said to have invaded the area.
Teutonic Order State
On the Schlossberg one was in 1366 for the first time Wildhaus mentioned, also as an island in the Swine. In 1368 a castle of the Teutonic Order was built there and Kuno von Hattenstein was named as the keeper (castle administrator). This was probably destroyed by Prince Kęstutis soon afterwards, before the Battle of Rudau in 1370.
Between 1374 and 1383 a settlement with 30 Hufen was enfeoffed to ten Prussian free by Marshal Rüdiger von Elner. In 1405 Marshal Ulrich von Jungingen commissioned a locator to found a town. In 1407 the town charter was granted by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen to the Schulzen Nitsche Döring, with the lower jurisdiction. A Dominican monastery was founded that year, but it was moved to Gerdauen in 1428. In 1445 the place Truntlag was founded on 60 Hufen, which the citizens of the city had returned to the Teutonic Order.
In 1469 the city was given "freely and forever" to the brothers Georg and Christoph von Schlieben, as compensation for existing debts of the order. They named Christian von Schlieben as a liege patron. In 1523 there was a fire in the town, and that year the place went to Dietrich von Schlieben, who built a mansion on the Schlossberg.
Duchy of Prussia
In 1564 there was another city fire. In 1611 a hospital was donated by Katharina von Schlieben, wife of Eustachius von Schlieben, which existed until 1945. Around 1631, after their death and the extinction of the Nordenburg branch of the family, ownership passed to the city.
In 1695 a major storm damaged fields and roofs, including that of the church. In 1705 the church burned down in another city fire. In 1710 about half of the population died from a plague epidemic. In 1714 a garrison was moved to the city. In 1718 a dispute over fishing justice between the city of Nordenburg and Ernst Sigmund Graf von Schlieben.-Birkenfeld was amicably settled. From then on, the Nordenburgers were allowed to fish in the Swine and on the Nordenburg Lake during the day, but not at night
In 1757, Nordenburg was occupied by Russian troops during the Seven Years' War.
On the night of June 13-14, 1820, a major fire in Nordenburg destroyed 60 houses, including the town hall and the rooms of the magistrate with all files and the city court, the prison and the prison guard's apartment, as well as 40 farm buildings. The following year it burned again, with 46 farm buildings falling victim to the flames. A cholera epidemic claimed 200 deaths in the city in 1852 and another 150 in 1861.
German Empire
In 1898, Nordenburg was connected to the railway line to Königsberg and Angerburg. Since 1905 Fritz Jensen operated a steam mill as one of the first plants to generate electricity in East Prussia. Some households were supplied with 110 volts.
In August 1914, at the beginning of the First World War, Nordenburg was occupied by Russian troops. A large part of the population fled. From September 10 to 13, the German General von Hindenburg and Chief of Staff von Ludendorff lived in the post office in Nordenburg.
In 1928 the villages of Truntlack and Werder were incorporated into Nordenburg from the previous Truntlack district (which had existed since 1874).
Polish administration
The city remained undestroyed during and after the end of the Second World War and fell into the hands of the Soviet Army on January 25, 1945, almost undamaged. Initially, the city came under the Polish name of Nordembork (Oświn) under Polish civil administration. The situation changed in late summer and early autumn of 1945. Contrary to the original plans, the Soviet Union pushed the border southwards at the expense of the Polish state, so that the city became part of the Soviet Union . The Polish new settlers who had already immigrated and the Polish civil administration were expelled again at short notice. The border correction apparently happened because the Soviet military did not want to forego control of the strategically important intersection of the former Reichsstrasse 131 and 139 . The southernmost point of the current Kaliningrad region is actually just 6 kilometers west of the city. Presumably out of anger about the border correction, the immigrant Polish settlers or soldiers set fire to the entire old town and destroyed it.
Kaliningrad Oblast
Because of this extensive destruction, Nordenburg also lost the status of a city in the further course. The remains of the houses in the old town were soon demolished. A reconstruction did not take place, as the old town was mostly located in the direct Polish-Soviet border area and was therefore in the area that was also strongly militarily secured during the Warsaw Pact times. Only the tower ruins of the order church are currently still preserved.
After the withdrawal of the Polish administration at the end of 1945, the Polish name Nordembork (Oświn) was changed again and initially renamed to Норденбург (Nordenburg). In 1950 the name was changed to Krylowo. It is apparently unclear whether this renaming took place after the Russian fable poet Ivan Andreevich Krylow or the Soviet Marshal Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov .
At first the settlement belonged to the village soviet Podlipowski (Hohenlindenberg) in the district of Schelesnodoroschny . Later (before 1967) Krylovo became the seat of this village soviet, which had belonged to Pravdinsk Raion since 1963. Since 2004 Krylowo part of the urban community Schelesnodoroschnoje .
coat of arms
Blazon : "In silver a rearing, single, black horse, top left and bottom right, each accompanied by a red star."
So the SIGILLVM CIVITATIS NORDENBURG, which was engraved immediately after the city was founded in 1405. Its stamp was used continuously well into the 18th century.
The coat of arms is still present in today's Krylowo.
media
The Nordenburger Zeitung was published for the city and the surrounding area until 1945, and it can be proven that it has been published at least since 1876. The paper only existed as an independent newspaper for a few years and after its independence became an offshoot of the Gerdauener Zeitung from the nearby district town of Gerdauen. The name "Nordenburger Zeitung" was retained, although the content of the newspaper, with the exception of a local section, was congruent with the Gerdauener Zeitung.
Population development
1875: 2547
1890: 2251, thereof 14 Catholics and 69 Jews
1910: 2149
1939: 3173
2002: 756
2010: 785
Facilities
There is a large facility for people with disabilities in Krylovo .
Attractions
- Ruins of the parish church, which is also the only remaining structure in the old town
- From the old town itself you can still see the paving of the former streets, some stairways and foundations of the demolished buildings.
- the water tower
- Large number of old buildings from the time before 1945 on the former Insterburger Strasse, which still has the original cobblestone paving
church
Parish church
From the Protestant parish church built in 1705, only ruins have been left since 1945.
Parish
Before 1945 the population of the city of Nordenburg was almost without exception Protestant . A Protestant parish has existed since the introduction of the Reformation . Most recently, the parish of Nordenburg was incorporated into the parish of Gerdauen (Russian: Schelesnodoroschny) within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Since 1945 there has been no Protestant parish in Krylowo. The place now belongs to the church region Tschernjachowsk (Insterburg) within the provost of Kaliningrad in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Parish
Until 1945 the pastors in Nordenburg looked after a very extensive parish with more than 50 villages. The parishes were divided into Nordenburg-Stadt and Nordenburg-Land. Today the Russian-Polish state border cuts through the area of the former parish of Nordenburg, with around one third on the Polish side and two thirds on the Russian side:
| Former name | Today's name | Former name | Today's name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abelischken 1938–45: Ilmenhorst |
Belkino | Vallunga | |
| Adolfshof | Goszczewo | Lieskendorf | Liskino |
| Adolf love | Mally Park 1938–39: Schönheim, 1939–45: Burgsdorff |
Pavlinovo | |
| Adolfswalde | Danilowo | Mazurhofchen | Mazurkowo |
| Ahrau | New Bajohren 1938–45: Neublankenfelde |
||
| Bajohrental 1938–45: Blankental |
Bajorki | Nordenburg | Krylovo |
| Bajohrenwalde 1938–45: Blankenwalde |
Bajorski Gaj | Nordenthal | Nekrasovka |
| Bergenthal | Zielony Ostrów | Oschkin 1938–45: Oschern |
Korolenkovo |
| Birch field | Brzeźnica | Ottoshof | |
| Birch jug | Plaitil 1938–45: Plattau |
Tarasovo | |
| Blendowen 1938–45: Blendau |
Bareevka | Plikow 1938-46: Plickau |
Shevtsovo |
| Bräsigswalde | Mange | ||
| Ellernbruch | Watutino | Raudischken 1938–45: Raudingen |
Rudziszki |
| Courtyard of peace | Wyskok | Reuschenfeld | |
| Friedrichsflur | Aralowo | Sandelsruh 1938–45: Nordenhof |
|
| Gendrinn 1938–45: Gendern |
Wschody | Sawadden 1938–45: break point |
Sawidowo |
| Groß Bajohren 1938–45: Großblankenfelde |
Bajory Wielkie | Six heirs | Kałki |
| Groß Pentlack 1928–50: Pentlack |
Kamenka | Sophienwalde 1910–45: Katzborn |
Makeyevka |
| Grünhagen | Grebnoye | Sutzken 1938–45: Sutzen |
Suczki |
| Hochlindenberg | Podlipowo | Treuhof | |
| Karlsburg | Trotczin 1938–45: Trotzenau |
Ostrowki | |
| Klarahof | Przybki | Truntlack | |
| Klein Bajohre 1938–45: Kleinblankenfelde |
Bajory Małe | Waldau | Przylasek |
| Small pentlack | Sergeyevka | Waldhof | Pasternak |
| Corels | Werder | ||
| Kurkowken 1938–45: Kurkau |
Wilhelmssorge | Garschino | |
| Langenfeld |
Pastor
From the Reformation until 1945 two clergy took care of the parish. The second pastor (called "deacon") also preached in Polish and Lithuanian:
- NN, until 1530
- Gregorius Pauli, 1560–1685
- Balthasar Klein, until 1598
- Adam Lazarai, until 1625
- Christoph Bartsch, 1599–1625
- Johann Crasnerus, from 1630
- Reinhold Roberti, 1636-1651
- Melchior Metner, 1639-1649
- Abraham Werner, 1650-1653
- Jacob Großjohann the Elder Ä., 1654-1690
- George Mexius, 1668
- Jacob Großjohann d. J., 1688-1694
- George Mrosovius, 1682-1694
- Johann Görcke, 1694-1718
- Johann Korsch, 1694-1723
- Georg Jacob Großjohann, 1718–1727
- Michael Sack, 1723-1734
- Daniel Jeglinski, 1728-1743
- Friedrich Sigismund Schmidt, 1735–1775
- George Friedrich Gazali, 1744–1745
- Michael Albrecht Jerzemski, 1747–1769
- Gottfried Kuspiel, 1769–1780
- Heinrich Skopnick, 1775–1781
- Ludwig Valentin Schusterus, 1780–1795
- Johann Jacob Jerosch, 1782–1802
- Johann Wilhelm Lindeau, from 1795
- Emil Rudolf Samuel Schepke, 1831–1867
- Eduard Wilhelm Mensing, 1841–1857
- Benjamin Carl Macht, until 1863
- Carl Eugen Winkler, 1863–1866
- Bernhard Julius Theodor Hoppe, 1866–1875
- Philipp Friedrich Julius F. Pichler, 1868–1886
- Paul Ernst F. Wundsch, 1876–1886
- August Chr. P. Walsdorf, 1887–1897
- Ernst GF Messerschmidt, 1889–1924
- Emil Julius Reiter, 1897–1905
- Josef Laudien, 1905–1906
- Johannes Seemann, 1907–1909
- Paul Knapp, 1909–1913
- Alfred Kaminsky, 1914–1945
- Hans Georg Weiß, 1919–1930
- Paul Terpitz, 1930-1945
Village Soviet / Krylowski village district (1947–) 2004
The village Soviet was set up in June 1947 as Podlipowski selski Sowet (ru. Подлиповский сельский Совет) initially in Pravdinsk district . In July 1947 he was then classified in the newly formed Zheleznodorozhny district . Its administrative seat was initially the settlement Podlipowo (Hochlindenberg) . After the Schelesnodorozhny Raion was dissolved at the end of 1962, the village soviet came (again) to Pravdinsk Raion. Before 1968 the administration was moved to Krylovo. In 1972 the name of the village soviet was changed accordingly to Krylowski selski Sowet (ru. Крыловский сельский Совет). After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Krylowski selski okrug (ru. Крыловский сельский округ). The sixteen settlements that were still in the village district at the end of 2004 were then distributed to the rural municipality of Mosyrskoje selskoje posselenije and the urban municipality of Zheleznodorozhnoye gorodskoje posselenije within the framework of local self-government .
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Aralowo (Аралово) | Friedrichsflur | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Bareevka (Бареевка) | Blendowen, 1938–1945 "Blendau" |
The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Belkino (Белкино) | Abelischken, 1938–1945 "Ilmenhorst" |
The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Danilino (Данилино) | Adolfswalde | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Degtjarjowo (Дегтярёво) | Damerau | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Golowkowo (Головково) | Hedwigsfelde | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Grebnoje (Гребное) | Grünhagen | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Kachowskoje (Каховское) | at Schiffuss | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Kamenka (Каменка) | Pentlack | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Kochkino (Кочкино) | Popowken, 1938–1945 "Neusobrost" |
The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Kochubejewo (Кочубеево) | Agonken, 1938–1945 "Altsiedel" |
The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Korolenkowo (Короленково) | Oschkin, 1938–1945 "Oschern" |
The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Krasnaya Polyana (Красная Поляна) | at Ellernbruch | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Krupskoje (Крупское) | Bawien (forester's house), 1938–1945 "Baudenwald" |
The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Krylowo (Крылово) | Nordenburg | The place was renamed in 1950 and became the new administrative center before 1968. |
| Kulibino (Кулибино) | Groß Dwillin, 1938–1945 "Großwillingen" |
The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Liskino (Лискино) | Lieskendorf | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Makejewka (Макеевка) | Katzborn | The place was renamed in 1950 and deleted from the place register in 1997. |
| Malejewo (Малеево) | Klein Dwillin, 1938–1945 "Kleinwillingen" |
The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Malodworki (Малодворки) | Six-hats | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Nekrasovka (Некрасовка) | Nordenthal | The place was renamed in 1947: |
| Novoslobodka (Новослободка) | Lieskendorf | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Obilnoje (Обилное) | Little Sobrost | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Ostrowki (Островки) | Trotszin, 1938–1945 "Trotzenau" |
The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Panfilowo (Панфилово) | Klonofken, 1938–1945 "Dreimühl" |
The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Pavlinowo (Павлиново) | Mally Park, 1939–1945 "Burgsdorff" |
The place was renamed in 1950 and lost its independence before 1975. |
| Podlipowo (Подлипово) | Hochlindenberg | The place was renamed in 1947 and was the administrative seat until 1968 and the namesake of the village soviet until 1972. |
| Pushkinskoye (Пушкинское) | Wesselowen, 1938–1945 "Wesselau" |
The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Zarechenskoye (Зареченское) | Great Sobrost | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Sawidowo (Завидово) | Sawadden, 1938–1945 "Bruchort" |
The place was renamed in 1947 and probably connected to Nekrasovka before 1988. |
| Shevtsovo (Шевцово) | Plikow, 1938–1945 "Plickau" |
The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Sergejewka (Сергеевка) | Small pentlack | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Smolnoje (Смольное) | Charlottenburg | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Stepanowo (Степаново) | Klarahof | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Tarasovo (Тарасово) | Plaitil, 1938–1945 "Plattau" |
The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Cherkassovka (Черкасовка) | Wickerau | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Wasnezowo (Васнецово) | Franzenshof | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Watutino (Ватутино) | Ellernbruch | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Wschody (Всходы) | Gendrinn | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
The two places, renamed in 1950, Severny (Mulk) and Simowskoje (Schönwiese) were also initially classified in the Podlipowski selski Sowet, but then (before 1975) came to the Mosyrski selski Sowet .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Walter Mogk: Wassertrum saved . In: Heimatbrief Kreis Gerdauen . No. 65 , June 2020, p. 22 .
- ↑ http://rugrad.eu/news/584515/
- ^ History of Nordenburg - Krylowo , also for the following content
- ↑ May 8, 1469, Königsberg: The Grand Master Governor Heinrich Reuss von Plauen prescribes the brothers Georg and Christoph von Schlieben Gerdauen (castle, town and mill) and Nordenburg (town and mill) and several villages etc.
- ↑ Details on the genealogical sequence and the economic development of the dominion in Wulf D. Wagner: Culture in rural East Prussia. History, goods and people in the Gerdauen district . Volume 2. Husum 2009. p. 896 ff.
- ↑ http://historia-wyzynaelblaska.pl/granica-polsko-radziecka-wb.-prusach-wschodnich.html
- ^ Wulf D. Wagner: Gerdauen. Volume I, p. 237
- ↑ a b Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places in the Kaliningrad region" from July 5, 1950)
- ↑ Prof. Dr. Erich Keyser : Deutsches Städtebuch - Handbook of urban history, Volume I, Northeast Germany, page 90. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 1939.
- ^ Prof. Otto Hupp : German coat of arms . Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.
- ↑ Photo from 2016 by Mikhail Bykov on https://fotki.yandex.ru/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071109120754/http://home.arcor.de/fritigern/ostpreussen/ztg/NbgZtg.htm
- ↑ Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Parish of Nordenburg
- ^ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, page 104
- ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets, cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 25 июля 1947 г. "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 25, 1947: Establishment of the Oblast-Kaliningrad)
- ↑ This results from Heinz Hinkel: The administrative structure in the Soviet-occupied northern East Prussia. As of August 16, 1967, in “Zeitschrift für Ostforschung” (1969), pp.54–76 .
- ↑ Information ( Memento from May 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ probably the individual farms north of the actual place
- ↑ 1938/39 "Schönheim"
Web links
- Table sheet 1695 Nordenburg (status 1933) in the digital collections of the University of Greifswald
- More information about the historic Nordenburg
