Furmanowka (Kaliningrad, Nesterow)
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Furmanowka
Alt Kattenau (New Trakehnen) Фурмановка
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Furmanowka ( Russian Фурмановка , German Alt Kattenau , 1928–1945 New Trakehnen ) is a settlement in the northwest of Nesterow Rajon in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . It belongs to the municipal self-government unit Stadtkreis Nesterow . Furmanowka also includes the former Kattenau , which after 1945 initially remained an independent place as Sawety.
Geographical location
Furmanowka located ten kilometers northwest of the Rajonshauptstadt Nesterov (Stallupönen / Ebenrode) and can be reached from there via the local road 27K-183, which is south to the federal road A229 and the next station Diwnoje-Novoye (Trakehnen) on the railway line Kaliningrad-Chernyshevskoye continues .
history
Alt Kattenau (New Trakehnen)
Like Neu Kattenau (now in Russian: Neschinskoje), Alt Kattenau was originally a suburb of Kattenau (see below) and bordered directly on the lands of Trakehnen (now in Russian: Jasnaja Poljana). The manor village had 160 inhabitants at the beginning of the 19th century.
In 1910 there were already 887 inhabitants in Alt Kattenau. The village was incorporated into the district of Stallupönen in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the Prussian province of East Prussia . On September 30, 1928, Alt Kattenau was renamed "New Trakehnen" and the previous manor district was converted into a rural community on September 30, 1929 . Neu Trakehnen had a total of 872 inhabitants in 1933, compared to 801 in 1939.
District of Alt Kattenau (New Trakehnen)
Between 1874 and 1945 Alt Kattenau was the eponymous place and official seat of the district of Alt Kattenau. On June 24, 1874, the district of Alt Kattenau was formed from eight rural communities or manor districts: the rural communities Ipatlauken, Kummeln, Schorschinehlen and Sontagkehmen and the manor districts Alt Kattenau, Packledimm, Torfmoor and Schorschinehlen. Due to the restructuring, the district of Alt Kattenau, after its renaming as the district of Neu Trakehnen on August 26, 1931, still comprised the four municipalities of Kiddeln, Kummeln, Neu Trakehnen and Seehausen (until 1928 Gut and municipality Schorschinehlen), and finally on January 1st, 1945 the Municipalities of Kummeln (Russian: Wischnjowoje), Neu Trakehnen (Furmanowka), Seehausen and Sonnenmoor (Kiddeln until 1938). The last two places no longer exist today.
Kattenau / Sawety
The area of today's Rajon Nesterow was not populated until the 16th century. It thus formed a suitable protective wall against enemy invaders from the east. However, the border between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania had been contractually defined since 1422. But it was not until Duke Albrecht of Prussia , high master of the order, that people settled here. The first documented settlement was Kattow , which later became "Kattenau".
August Schawaller acquired the Kattenau estate in 1838 from the District Councilor Major , who was at the same time senior bailiff in the Kattenau Remontedepot . The Schawaller family ( originally from Switzerland ) already owned the Dörschkehmen estate (1938–1945 Derschau ) in the Pillkallen district . August Scawaller bought small farms on the edge of the Kattenau manor forest and created the Vorwerk Amalienau (between Jentkutkampen (Sadowoje) and Swirgallen (Sawodskoje), named after his wife Amalie). At that time, Gut Kattenau was 576 hectares in size.
In 1910 the manor district of Kattenau had 96 inhabitants compared to 619 inhabitants of the rural community of Kattenau. Both belonged to the district of Stallupönen in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the Prussian province of East Prussia . On September 30, 1928, the Kattenau manor district was incorporated into the Kattenau rural community. In 1933 734 people lived here. On October 1, 1937, the municipality of Mikuthelen was incorporated into the municipality of Kattenau, and in 1939 there were 696 inhabitants in Kattenau.
After 1945 Kattenau came to the Soviet Union and in 1947 received the Russian name Sawety (German ( Lenin's ) legacy ). At the same time, the place became the seat of a village soviet in Nesterow Rajon , which he had to cede to Watutino before 1968 .
District of Kattenau (1874–1945)
Kattenau was the eponymous place and seat of the district of Kattenau between 1874 and 1945 . It was formed on June 24, 1874 from nine rural communities and one manor district:
| Name (until 1938) | Name (1938-1946) | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | |||
| Degimming | - | - |
1908 not more called |
| Dräweningken | Dräwen | - | |
| Kattenau | Kattenau | Sawety | |
| Kiaulack | Source break | - | |
| Mikuthelen | - | - | 1937 incorporated into Kattenau |
| Noruszuppen (Noruschuppen) | Altenfliess | - | |
| Schwentakehmen | Swans | - | |
| Do it | Do it | Watutino | |
| Welcome | Willdorf | Sholokhovo | |
| Manor : | |||
| Kattenau | - | - |
1928 incorporated into the municipality of Kattenau |
On January 1, 1945 there were still seven communities that made up the administrative district of Kattenau and of which only three still exist today: Altenfließ, Dräwen, Kattenau (Sawety), Quellbruch, Schwanen, Tutschen (Watutino) and Willdorf (Scholochowo).
Sawetinski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2008
The village soviet Savetinski selski Sowet (ru. Заветинский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947 in Nesterow district . Its administrative seat was initially in Sawety. Before 1968 the administrative center was moved to Watutino and since before 1988 it was in Sadowoje . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Savetinski selski okrug (ru. Заветинский сельский округ). In 2008 the remaining places of the village district were incorporated into the newly formed rural community Ilyushinskoje selskoje posselenije .
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Bolschoje Mostowoje (Большое Мостовое) | Jucknischken, 1938–1945: "Föhrenhorst" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Briketnoye (Брикетное) | New Budupönen, 1938–1945: "Neupreußenfelde" | The place was renamed in 1950 and probably connected to Kalinowo before 1975. |
| Furmanowka (Фурмановка) | Alt Kattenau, 1928–1945: New Trakehnen | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Kalinowo (Калиново) | Alt Budupönen, 1938–1945: "Altpreußenfelde" | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Kubanskoye (Кубанское) | Eyßeln and new care | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Chkalovsky Village Soviet . |
| Nezhinskoye (Нежинское) | New Kattenau | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Chkalovsky Village Soviet. |
| Orlovskoye (Орловское) | Kalbassen, 1938–1945: "Schwaighöfen" | The place was renamed in 1947 and deleted from the place register in 1997. |
| Sadowoje (Садовое) | Jentkutkampen, 1938–1945: "Burgkampen" | The place was renamed in 1947 and had been the administrative center since before 1988. |
| Sawety (Заветы) | Kattenau | The place was the administrative seat until 1968. It was attached to Furmanowka around 1980. |
| Zavodskoye (Заводское) | Schwirgallen, 1938–1945: "Eichhagen" | The place was initially incorporated into the Krasnosnamensk Raion as Shaturskoje and was named Zavodskoye by the 1970s at the latest. |
| Scholochowo (Шолохово) | Willkinnen, 1938–1945: "Willdorf" | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Prigorodny village soviet . |
| Seljonoje (Зелёное) | Grünhaus | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Chkalovsky Village Soviet. |
| Simonowka (Симоновка) | Uszdeggen / Uschdeggen, 1938–1945: "Raineck" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Watutino (Ватутино) | Do it | The place was renamed in 1947 and was the administrative seat from before 1968 until before 1988. |
| Vishnevoe (Вишнёвое) | Caress | The town was renamed in 1950 and was first in the village Soviet Krasnogorski in Gusevsky District filed. It was deleted from the location register in 1997. |
| Vorontsovo (Воронцово) | Oversbrothers | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Vysokoye (Высокое) | Schilleningken, 1938–1945: "Hainau" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
In addition, in 1947 the two places Krasnoretschenskoje ("Bridschen", perhaps Bruszen / Bruschen / Kiesfelde) and Matrossowka ("Schnigunen", Budszuhnen / Budschuhnen / Eschenhöhe?) Were incorporated into the Sawetinski selski Sowet. If these places existed, they were abandoned before 1975.
Furmanovka
As a result of the Second World War , New Trakehnen came to the Soviet Union . In 1947 the place was given the Russian name Furmanowka (as Alt Kattenau) and was at the same time classified in the village soviet Savetinski selski Sowet (see above) in Nesterow district. Around 1980 the place Sawety (see above) was attached to Furmanowka. From 2008 to 2018 Furmanowka belonged to the rural community Ilyushinskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Nesterow. In the last two censuses in 2002 and 2010, Furmanowka had 661 and 631 inhabitants, respectively.
Otholichien Castle
Not far from the later-built church was located on a hill that looked like piled up artificially, the pruzzische Wallenburg Otholichien. It was destroyed by the order in 1274.
church
Church building
In Kattenau, after Pillupönen (1938–1946 Schloßbach , today Russian: Newskoje), the second church in the Stallupönen region was built in 1560. A successor building from 1755 burned down in 1805 and was replaced in 1811 by a simple hall without a tower. The bells hung in a separate wooden belfry on the west side.
In 1944/1945 the church was hardly damaged. After that, however, it was used as a storage room by a farm. In 1980 it was abandoned and it fell into disrepair. In 1992 the ruins were torn down.
Parish
In the course of the settlement in the 16th century, simultaneously with the introduction of the Reformation , peasant areas were created through reclamation, which were combined into parishes , with churches in the center. Kattenau also became a church village early on, to which a parish seat belonged from 1589. The language of preaching was the Lithuanian language for centuries because it was also the language of everyday life.
Once part of the Insterburg (Tschernjachowsk) inspection, Kattenau, inhabited by a predominantly Protestant population, was part of the Stallupönen church district (1938–1946 Ebenrode ) in the church province of East Prussia of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .
In the 1990s, a new Evangelical congregation was established in neighboring Yasnaja Poljana ( Groß Trakehnen ), mainly made up of Germans from Russia , which was incorporated into the newly formed Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia . The responsible pastors are those of the Salzburg Church in Gussew ( Gumbinnen ).
Pastor 1560–1945
In Kattenau officiated from the Reformation times to the Second World War as Protestant clergy:
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Pastors Michael (Johann) Schultz (Lithuanian: Jonas Šulcas), Johann Klein (Jonas Kleinas), Ernst Ditzel (Ernestas Dicelijus), Theophil Schultz (Teofilis Šulcas) and Christoph Pohl (Kristofas Polis) stood out in their commitment to the Lithuanian language and the maintenance of Lithuanian customs.
Personalities of the place
- Philipp Ruhig ( Lithuanian : Pilypas Ruigys; 1675–1749), Lutheran theologian, philosopher and philologist
- Dieter Ruddies (born October 28, 1921 in Alt Kattenau, † October 20, 2015), company founder of Burgbad AG in Schmallenberg / Sauerland
- Werner Gitt (* 1937 in Uschdeggen), German graduate engineer for control engineering and information technology
- Siegfried Höchst (born July 28, 1939 in Alt Kattenau; † 1991), German actor, director and educator
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state , ed. by Alexander August Mützell, Volume 2, Halle, 1821
- ↑ a b Uli Schubert, municipality register
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the Reich in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Ebenrode.html # ew33staneutraken. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Alt Kattenau / Neu Trakehnen district
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Kattenau district
- ^ Heinz Hinkel: The administrative structure in the Soviet-occupied northern East Prussia. As of August 16, 1967, in “Zeitschrift für Ostforschung” (1969), pp. 54–76
- ↑ According to the Административно-территориальное деление Калининградской области 1989 (The administrative-territorial division of Kaliningrad, 1989 (with levels of 1988), published by Soviet the Kaliningrad) on http://www.soldat.ru/ (rar file)
- ↑ a b After it no longer appeared in the place directory as of 1988.
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ This results from the administrative-territorial divisions of the Kaliningrad Oblast from 1975 and 1988.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968
- ^ Obituary notice Dieter Ruddies , FAZ , October 23, 2015