Tschistyje Prudy (Kaliningrad)
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Tschistyje Prudy
Tollmingkehmen (Tollmingen) Чистые Пруды
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Tschistyje Prudy ( Russian Чи́стые Пруды́ ; translated “clean ponds”, Prussian Tolmingkaims , German Tollmingkehmen or 1938–1945 Tollmingen , Lithuanian Tolminkiemis ) is a village with 700 inhabitants in the Kaliningrad Oblast . The place belongs to the municipal self-government unit Stadtkreis Nesterow in Nesterow Rajon .
Geographical location
The place is located northwest of the Rominter Heide not far from the borders with Lithuania and Poland . The Prussian name describes the location of the place: far away - on the water - village. It is nine kilometers to the neighboring village of Ilyinskoje ( Kassuben ) to the northeast , and seven kilometers to Krasnolessje ( Rominten ) to the south .
Until 1945 this was the junction of the Gumbinnen – Szittkehmen / Wehrkirchen – Goldap and Goldap – Stallupönen / Ebenrode railway lines . There is only the disused line from Krasnolessje to Nesterow .
Place name
The Russian name Tschistyje Prudy, in German “clean ponds”, was originally intended for the place Nassawen, in Russian Lessistoje , and referred to the two Nassawer lakes.
history
According to tradition, a man named Tolmein or Talmin founded the "village by the water", the year of which is 1539. The place belonged to the district of Goldap , in the meantime from 1818 to 1841 to the district of Stallupönen , in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the Prussian province of East Prussia . The former domain was split up and sold around 1820. As a result, there were no large estates in Tollmingkehmen - unlike in the surrounding area - but farms and four small estates.
In 1910 there were 318 inhabitants in the church and official village, in 1933 there were 437 and in 1939 395.
As a result of the Second World War , the place came to the Soviet Union in 1945 . In November 1946 almost all Germans had been expelled, the village had 225 Russian and 15 German inhabitants. The lands of the expelled Germans were the state farm slammed no. 19th In 1947 the place was given the Russian name Tschistyje Prudy and at the same time became the seat of a village soviet in Nesterow Rajon . From 2008 to 2018, Tschistyje Prudy was the seat of a rural community and has been part of the Nesterow district since then.
Tollmingkehmen district (Tollmingen) 1874–1945
From 1874 to 1945 Tollmingkehmen was the namesake and administrative seat of an administrative district , which on March 18, 1874 formed 14 rural communities or manor districts :
| Name (until 1938) | Name (1938-1946) | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | |||
| Deeden | Deeden | - | |
| Jessatschen | Grimbach | - | |
| Kaseleken, from 1936 Kaseleken |
Neumagdeburg | - | |
| Kiaunen | Rodenheim | Wetrjak | |
| Cubils | Nordenfeld | - | |
| Martishken | - | - | 1928 incorporated into the new rural community of Ballupönen (from 1938 Wittigshöfen) |
| Motzkuhnen | Motzken | - | |
| Oszeningken, from 1936 Oscheningken |
Pfalzrode | Karpinskoye | |
| Tollmingkehmen | Tollmingen | Chistye Prudy | |
| Werxnen | Green hills | - | |
| Manor districts : | |||
| Ballads | Wittigshöfen | Dubovaya Roschtscha | from 1928 rural community |
| Kublischken | - | - | 1928 incorporated into Kiaunen |
| Samonians | Riding stables | Dokuchayevo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Tollmingkehmen |
| Tollmingkehmen | - | - | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Tollmingkehmen |
On July 25, 1939, the Tollmingkehmen district - like the district village a year earlier - was renamed "Tollmingen District". As of January 1, 1945, ten communities belonged to it: Deeden, Grimbach, Grünhügel, Motzken, Neumagdeburg, Nordenfeld, Pfalzrode (Karpinskoje), Rodenheim (Wetrjak) Tollmingen (Tschistyje Prudy) and Wittigshöfen (Dubowa Roschtscha), of which only five were left exist as a place called “settlements” (possjolok) in Russia.
Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2008
The village soviet Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet (ru. Чисторпудненский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947 in Nesterow district . According to the decree, its seat should be in the former Nassawen ; on site, however, it was set up in Tollmingkehmen / Tollmingen, which (presumably) also had an impact on the geographical layout of the village Soviet. In 1954 the Krasnolessenski selski Sowet was connected to the Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Tschistoprudnenski selski okrug (ru. Чисторпудненский сельский округ). In 2008 the remaining places in the village district were taken over into the newly formed rural community Tschistoprudnenskoje selskoje posselenije.
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Bulavino (Булавино) | Uszupönen / Uschupönen, 1938–1945: Grundfeld | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Dmitrievka (Дмитриевка) | Iszlaudszen, 1938–1945: Schönheide | The place was renamed in 1947 (in Dimitrijewka ) and initially belonged to the Krasnolessenski village soviet. |
| Dokuchayevo (Докучаево) | Samonien, 1938–1945: riding stables | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Dubovaya Roschtscha (Дубовая Роща) | Ballupönen, 1938–1945: Wittigshöfen | The place was renamed in 1947 (initially in Dobroljubowo ). |
| Karpinskoye (Карпинское) | Oszeningken / Oscheningken, 1938–1945: Pfalzrode | The place was renamed in 1950. He moved to the local office Pöwgallen / Pöwen. |
| Kolzewoje (Кольцевое) | Budszedehlen / Budschedehlen, 1938–1945: Salzburgerhütte | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Korsunskoje (Корсунское) | Martischken, 1938–1945: Langenacker | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Krasnolessje (Краснолесье) | Groß Rominten, 1938–1945: Hardteck | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially the administrative seat of the village soviet Krasnolessensky. |
| Krasny Log (Красный Лог) | Pallädszen / Pallädschen, 1938–1945: Frankeneck | The place was renamed in 1950 and deleted from the place register in 1997. |
| Michurinskoje (Мичуринское) | Shaking | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Oserki (Озерки) | To warn | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Petrovskoye (Петровское) | Klein Jodupp, 1938–1945: Kleinschelden | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the Krasnolessensky village soviet. It was abandoned before 1975. |
| Prochladnoje (Прохладное) | Schuiken, 1938–1945: Spechtsboden | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the Krasnolessensky village soviet. It was abandoned before 1975. |
| Raduzhnoe (Радужное) | Rominten hunting lodge | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the Krasnolessensky village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Rechitsa (Речица) | Matzutkehmen, 1938–1945: Matzhausen | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Sadowoje (Садовое) | Elluschönen, 1938–1945: Ellern | The place was renamed before 1975. |
| Simonowo (Симоново) | Eckertsberg | The place was renamed in 1950 and initially belonged to the Krasnolessensky village soviet. It was abandoned before 1975. |
| Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Szeldkehmen / Scheldkehmen, 1938–1945: Schelden | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially in the village Soviet Krasnolessenski. |
| Stepnoe (Степное) | Waldaukadel | The place was renamed in 1950 and deleted from the place register in 1997. |
| Svetloje (Светлое) | Langkischken, 1938–1945: Langenwasser | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Tikhvino (Тихвино) | Pimples | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Tyumenskoye (Тюменское) | Serguhnen | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Tokarevka (Токаревка) | Makunischken, 1938–1945: Hohenwaldeck | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the Krasnolessensky village soviet. |
| Tschistyje Prudy (Чистые Пруды) | Tollmingkehmen, 1938–1945: Tollmingen | Administrative headquarters |
| Wetrjak (Ветряк) | Kiaunen, 1938–1945: Rodenheim | The place was identified in the Kaliningrad place directory from 1976 with the former German place Kiaunen. At least the current location is unclear. |
| Vysokoye (Высокое) | Didszullen / Didschullen, 1938–1945: Schwadenfeld | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
The place Jemeljanowka (Schackummen / Eichkamp) , which was renamed in 1950 and which was initially also included in the Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet, then (before 1975) became part of the village soviet Kalininski selski Sowet .
Chistoprudnenskoye selskoye posseleniy 2008–2018
The rural community Chistoprudnenskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Чистопрудненское сельское поселение) was established in 2008 in Nesterov district . To it belonged 19 settlements, which previously belonged to the village districts Kalininski selski okrug and Tschistoprudnenski selski okrug. In 2018 the community was dissolved and its settlements were incorporated into the newly formed urban district of Nesterow.
| Place name | German name | Place name | German name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borowikowo (Боровиково) | Szinkuhnen (Schenkenhagen) | Oserki (Озерки) | To warn | |
| Dmitrievka (Дмитриевка) | Iszlaudszen (Schönheide) | Pugachovo (Пугачево) | Groß Schwentischken (Schanzenort) | |
| Dokuchayevo (Докучаево) | Samonien (horse farm) | Sadowoje (Садовое) | Elluschönen (Ellern) | |
| Dubovaya Roschtscha (Дубовая Роща) | Ballupönen (Wittigshöfen) | Znamenka (Знаменка) | Lie | |
| Ilyinskoye (Ильинское) | Cash booths | Sosnovka (Сосновка) | Szeldkehmen (Schelden) | |
| Kalinino (Калинино) | Flour (birch mill) | Tokarevka (Токаревка) | Makunischken (Hohenwaldeck) | |
| Karpinskoye (Карпинское) | Pöwgallen (Pöwen) | Uvarowo (Уварово) | Ribbenischken (Ribbenau) | |
| Krasnolessje (Краснолесье) | (Large) Rominten (Hardteck) | Tschistyje Prudy (Чистые Пруды) | Tollmingkehmen (Tollmingen) | |
| Lessistoje (Лесистое) | Nassawen | Wetrjak (Ветряк) | ||
| Michurinskoje (Мичуринское) | Shaking |
church
Church building
The Protestant church of Tollmingkehmen was built in 1589 and renovated in 1682. In 1759 there was a new building made of field stones and bricks. Services were held here in Lithuanian until 1856 , then in German.
In the 1950s, the church, which had survived the Second World War unscathed, was destroyed by fire. It is the only church in the entire area that was rebuilt during the Soviet era (between 1971 and 1979) after being destroyed and decayed. This was brought about by an initiative from the Lithuanian SSR , because Tollmingkehmen was the place of activity of Christian Donalitius , a pioneer of Lithuanian literature, which had its beginnings in Prussian Lesser Lithuania . The church serves as a museum for the pastor and writer. The services are now taking place in a rented room.
Evangelical parish
Once the inspection Insterburg (Russian: Tschernjachowsk) properly, inhabited by a predominantly Protestant population was parish Tollmingkehmen before 1945 in the parish of Goldap (: Gołdap Polish) incorporated and belonged to the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia the Prussian Union of churches . In 1944, the parish comprised 23 parishes with about 4200 parishioners.
Church life collapsed during the period of socialism in the Soviet Union . It was not until the 1990s that a small Protestant group, consisting almost exclusively of Russian- Germans, emerged, which forms its own congregation within the Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia . The responsible parish office is that of the Salzburg church in Gussew ( Gumbinnen ), where two clergymen are active.
Pastor 1589–1945
Between 1589 and 1945 there were 24 Protestant clergymen in Tollmigkehmen / Tollmingen:
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Russian Orthodox Church
Most of today's residents in the region are members of the Russian Orthodox Church , provided they are religiously bound . Chistyje Prudy is located on the territory of the Diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltiysk .
Personalities of the place
Connected to the place
- Christian Donalitius (1714–1780), pastor, poet and writer in Lithuanian in Tollmingkehmen since 1743 and died here on February 18, 1780
literature
- Christian Schulz: A piano for the area committee. Russians and Germans in Tollmingkehmen, East Prussia. In: Adrian von Arburg, Wlodzimierz Borodziej, Jurij Kostjaschow (eds.): When the Germans were gone. What happened after the expulsion: East Prussia, Silesia , Sudetenland . Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek 2007, ISBN 978-3-499-62204-5 , pp. 221-282.
- Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 . Part 1: The parishes and their positions . Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1968 ( special publications of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia eV 11, ISSN 0505-2734 ).
- Wolfgang Rothe: Samonien - Tollmingkehmen. About the peasant breeding of the warmblood Trakehner descent in and around Tollmingkehmen. Living worlds in rural East Prussia in the former Prussian Litthauen (government district Gumbinnen) . Self-published, Essen, 2nd improved edition 2012 (with a reprint of the 1944 cover register of the Tollmingkehmen cover station of the Georgenburg State Stud and with 900 photos, aerial photographs, illustrations, tables, maps).
Web links
- Tschistyje Prudy - Tollmingkehmen / Tollmingen
- Churches in the district of Goldap
- Kaliningrad Provostry
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Christian Schulz: A piano for the area committee. Russians and Germans in Tollmingkehmen, East Prussia. In: Adrian von Arburg u. a. (Ed.): When the Germans were gone. What happened after the expulsion: East Prussia, Silesia, Sudetenland . Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek 2007, pp. 221–282, here p. 230.
- ↑ Uli Schubert, municipality directory
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Goldap district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Christian Schulz: A piano for the area committee. Russians and Germans in Tollmingkehmen, East Prussia. In: Adrian von Arburg u. a. (Ed.): When the Germans were gone. What happened after the expulsion: East Prussia, Silesia, Sudetenland . Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek 2007, pp. 221–282, here p. 255.
- ↑ Formally by the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области" (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of November 17, 1947: On the renaming of the locations of Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Tollmingkehmen / Tollmingen district
- ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets, cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ Presumably the two village soviets Kalinowski selski Sowet and Tschistoprudnenski selski Sowet were swapped with each other.
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 16 июня 1954 г. № 744/54 «Об объединении сельских советов Калининградской области» (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 16, 1954, No. 744/54: About the Kalovradet Oblast Association)
- ↑ Probably, if at all, only the district of Budszedehlen / Salzburgerhütte east of the Rominte
- ^ After it no longer appeared in the register of places as of 1988.
- ↑ By the Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 г. № 258 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования <Нестеровский городской округ>" (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 30 June 2008, Nr. 258: On the organization of local self-government in the field of municipal formation "city circle Nesterov")