Yasnaya Polyana (Kaliningrad)
settlement
Yasnaja Polyana
(large) Trakehnen Ясная Поляна
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Yasnaja Poljana ( Russian Ясная Поляна , German Gut Trakehnen , 1929 to 1945 Groß Trakehnen , and Trakehnen ) is a settlement in Nesterow Raion in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . It belongs to the municipal self-government unit Stadtkreis Nesterow .
The place is located in the southeast of the area not far from the Rominter Heide . In 1731 Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia , known as the Soldier King, founded the Royal Stutamt Trakehnen here , which wanted to unite all of East Prussia's horse stocks in a single large stud.
Geographical location
Yasnaja Poljana is located in historic East Prussia on the right bank of the Rodap (Russian: Rakowka) on Kommunalstrasse 27K-183, which branches off from Föderalstrasse A 229 (former German Reichsstrasse 1 , now also Europastrasse 28 ) at Divnoje (Trakehnen train station ). Divnoje is also the closest train station on the Kaliningrad – Chernyshevskoje railway line (Königsberg – Eydtkuhnen / Eydtkau) , the end of the former Prussian Eastern Railway , today for onward travel to Lithuania and the Russian heartland.
Place name
The place name Trakehnen is derived from a Baltic word (Lithuanian or Old Prussian) trakis = "clearing, fire place". The Russian name also means bright clearing .
history
Gut Trakehnen / Large Trakehnen
Immediately in the northwestern connection to the village of Trakehnen (see below) followed the main farm of the Prussian main stud Trakehnen , it was the home of the Trakehner horse breed .
The Gutsbezirk Trakehnen belonged to since 1874 District Trakehnen in district Stallupönen , which also belonged to the rural community Iszledimmen. On October 10, 1884, this was dissolved because it had been bought for the stud. In 1900 the goods Bajohrgallen, Birkenwalde, Burgsdorfshof, Danzkehmen , Gurdszen , Kalpakin and Taukenischken were connected to the Trakehnen estate as preliminary works. In 1910, the place united in this way had 1,691 inhabitants. On September 30, 1929, the Trakehnen manor district was converted into the rural community of Groß Trakehnen. In 1933 it had 1,540 inhabitants. In 1938 the Vorwerke Bajohrgallen in Goltzfelde, Danzkehmen in Oettingen, Gurdszen in Schwichowshof, Kalpakin in Königseichen and Traukenischken in Belowsruh were renamed. In 1939 Groß Trakehnen had 1,519 inhabitants.
Trakehnen (village)
The village Trakehnen belonged since 1874 as a rural community for District Enzuhnen in district Stallupönen . In 1910 the place had 498 inhabitants, in 1933 and 1939 there were 508 and 501 inhabitants respectively.
Yasnaya Polyana
After the Second World War, Groß Trakehnen and Trakehnen were placed under Soviet administration. In 1947 Groß Trakehnen was given the Russian name Yasnaja Poljana and Trakehnen the Russian name Divnoje . At the same time, both places were included in the village soviet Tschkalowski selski Sowet in Nesterow Raion . The works that were added to the Trakehnen estate in 1900 apparently no longer belonged to Yasnaya Polyana. It remains to be seen whether there really was an independent divinoye in this form on site. Today Diwnoje refers to the former residential area of the Trakehnen train station . In any case, according to the available maps, the former village of Trakehnen has belonged to Yasnaya Polyana since the late 1960s at the latest. Around the 1970s, Yasnaya Polyana was the administrative seat of the Chkalovsky selski Sowet itself. From 2008 to 2018 the place belonged to the rural community Ilyushinskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Nesterow. The population of Yasnaya Polyana in the last two censuses in 2002 and 2010 was 955 and 997, respectively.
As in most of the Russian parts of former East Prussia, resettlement was sparse. Only a few houses from German times are preserved in the village today. The facilities of the stud are largely dilapidated. Since the end of the Second World War, there has been a school in the former Landstallmeisterhaus (Trakehnen Castle) and the former riding boys' house. The history of the place and the main stud Trakehnen are kept in a small museum by the students and teachers of the castle school and presented to the public upon request. Horse breeding is no longer carried out directly on the site. However, there is a horse breeding facility in Majowka (the former Georgenburg State Stud ).
church
With its predominantly Protestant population before 1945 Gut or Groß Trakehnen was incorporated into the parish of Enzuhnen (1938-1946 Rodebach , today Russian: Tschkalowo) and belonged to the parish Stallupönen (1938-1946 Ebenrode , Russian: Nesterow) of the church province of East Prussia of the church Old Prussian Union .
In Soviet times, church life came to a standstill. It was not until the 1990s that a small evangelical congregation emerged in Yasnaya Polyana itself, which, in the absence of a church building of its own, meets in a private house. It was affiliated with the Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia . The responsible rectory is that of the Salzburg Church in Gussew ( Gumbinnen ).
Sons and daughters of the place
- Karl Wilhelm Ammon (1777–1842), German hippiatrician and author
- Georg Gottlieb Ammon (1780–1839), German hippiatrician and author
- Gustav von Below (1791-1852), German general
- Walther Funk (1890–1960), German journalist, Nazi Economics Minister and President of the Reichsbank
- Wilhelm Kuebart (1913–1993), German officer and resistance fighter July 20, 1944
See also
literature
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 471–471.
- Wolfgang Rothe, LOCAL ATLAS TRAKEHNEN - The main stud , its outbuildings and the village. Documentation about the history of the settlement. Self-published, bound, 560 p. With 4 pages of addendum and reviews, over 1000 photos, maps, documents, illustrations, tables, aerial photographs; Review by G. Turner; 2011
Web links
References and comments
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Trakehnen district
- ↑ a b Uli Schubert, municipal register Germany 1900
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Ebenrode.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ From 1936 to 1938 the name was written as Gurdschen .
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Rodebach District
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Ebenrode.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). This source also lists a population of 818 for the year 1885. But this could perhaps refer to the Trakehnen estate.
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ Taukenischken / Belowsruh received in 1950 the Russian name Rasdelnoje. Gurdszen / Schwichowshof was given the Russian name Chutorskoje at an unknown time . Birkenwalde, Burgsdorfshof and Danzkehmen / Oettingen were combined under the Russian name Sosnowka at an unknown time . No Russian names are known for the no longer existing Bajohrgallen / Goltzfelde and Kalpakin / Königseichen.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968, p. 36.
- ^ Website of the Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )