Carl Ludwig von Bar

Carl Ludwig von Bar (born July 24, 1836 in Hanover , † August 20, 1913 in Folkestone , England ) was a German teacher of criminal law and international law . He was a co-founder of the doctrine of private international law and the adequacy theory .

Life

Göttingen city cemetery, grave of Carl Ludwig von Bar

Carl Ludwig von Bar was born as the son of the general secretary for the financial affairs of the Royal Hanoverian House Ministry Carl Ludwig von Bar and grew up in the Hanoverian civil service . He finished his school education at the Ratsgymnasium Hannover in 1853 when he was not yet 18 years old. Subsequently, he began at the Georg-August University of Göttingen with a degree in jurisprudence . In addition to the legal lectures , he also attended courses in differential calculus , economics , history and philosophy . In 1854 he went to the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin for a year to attend lectures on civil law .

At the age of 23 years received his doctorate he became Dr. iur. This work was followed by 15 other works that dealt thematically with criminal law and criminal procedural law. In 1863 he took up the position as a court assessor at the Göttingen Higher Court, after he had received his legal doctorate with the first degree on December 18, 1858 . He completed his habilitation and followed the call of the Friedrichs University in Halle in the spring of 1863 . In 1866 he was appointed to its chair for criminal law and criminal procedural law by the University of Rostock .

Two years later (1868) he moved to the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau . For the academic year 1877/78 he was elected rector . In 1879 he returned to Göttingen as a full professor . When he became rector there in 1895/96, he dealt with problems of criminal law in his rectorate speech. He worked in Göttingen for over 30 years.

Von Bar also excelled as a political writer. This also resulted in his candidacy as a member of the Rostock constituency for the Reichstag , to which he was elected in 1890 and to which he belonged until 1893.

Carl Ludwig von Bar died at the age of 77 in Folkestone, England. He was buried in the city ​​cemetery of Göttingen .

Services

In his works he commented on many essential problems in the field of criminal law, even if he has dealt literarily with almost all matters of law (including bankruptcy or international law). The history and philosophy of law, which he considered indispensable in order to do justice to the phenomena of legal life, also had a special meaning for him. In his doctrine of causal relationships in law (1871), he excluded conditions that do not correspond to “the rule of life” from criminal causality and thus established the basis for the adequacy theory developed by Johannes von Kries in 1888 .

One of his most important historical works is The History of German Criminal Law and the Theories of Criminal Law (1882), which was planned as the first volume of a manual on German criminal law. As a reformer he was able to make a name for himself in the field of private international law. So it was only natural that in 1875 he was elected a member of the Institut de Droit international , whose 1891 meeting in Hamburg he chaired as president. Von Bar was also a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague from 1900 and promoted efforts aimed at bringing peoples closer together.

Honors

• Honorary doctorate from the University of Bologna (1889)
• Honorary Doctorate from Cambridge University (1895)
• Honorary doctorate from the University of Oslo (1911)
• Honorary Doctorate from Oxford University (1913)
• Göttingen memorial plaque on his last Göttingen house at Herzberger Landstrasse 25 (1954)

Works

• International private and criminal law . Hanover 1862.
• The Evidence of the Germanic Trial. A contribution to the history and criticism of the German preocesses and German law . Hanover 1866.
• The doctrine of causal relationships in the right. Leipzig 1871.
• History of German criminal law and theories of criminal law . Berlin 1882 (see web link).
• Textbook of private and international criminal law . Stuttgart 1892.
• Law and guilt in criminal law. Questions of the current German criminal law and its reform. Vol. 1: The criminal law . Berlin 1906.
• Law and guilt in criminal law, Vol. 2: Guilt under the criminal law. I. Guttentag , Berlin 1907.
• Law and guilt in criminal law. Vol. 3: The exemption from guilt and punishment through the criminal law. I. Guttentag, Berlin 1909.

literature

• Dietrich Lang-Hinrichsen :  Bar, Carl Ludwig von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 579 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Axelena von Bar: Directory of the writings of Ludwig von Bar; Professor of Law at the University of Göttingen . Deuerlichsche Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1916.
• Walter Nissen: Göttingen memorial plaques. Göttingen 1962, p. 20 f.

Web links

• The History of German Criminal Law and Theories of Criminal Law (1882)
• Works by and about Carl Ludwig von Bar  in the German Digital Library
• Carl Ludwig von Bar in the database of members of the Reichstag
• Biography of Karl Ludwig von Bar . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)
• Entry on Carl Ludwig von Bar in the Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dissertation: On the teaching of attempt and participation in crime
2. ↑ ^{a b} Rector's speeches (HKM)
3. ^ Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890-1918. Alliances, results, candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 15). Half volume 2, Droste, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 , pp. 1372-1375.
4. ^ Knerger.de: The grave of Carl Ludwig von Bar
5. ^ Dietrich Lang-Hinrichsen:  Bar, Carl Ludwig von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 579 f. ( Digitized version ).