Kaiser Wilhelm and Ratsgymnasium Hanover
| Kaiser Wilhelm and Ratsgymnasium | |
|---|---|
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| type of school | Humanistic high school |
| founding | Ratsgymnasium: 1348 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gymnasium: 1875 |
| address |
Seelhorststrasse 52 |
| place | Hanover |
| country | Lower Saxony |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 22 '41 " N , 9 ° 45' 44" E |
| management | Ruth Völker |
| Website | www.kwrg.de |
The Kaiser-Wilhelm- und Ratsgymnasium ( KWR for short ) is a humanistic grammar school in Hanover which merged in 1995 from the Ratsgymnasium and the Kaiser-Wilhelm- Gymnasium (KWG) .
history
The Ratsgymnasium had little future alone due to the decline in pupils and moved to the building of the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in 1994 after long arguments with the city of Hanover to save the old-language orientation; In 1995, after some disputes, both schools merged to form the Kaiser Wilhelm and Ratsgymnasium (KWR), which ended the long coexistence. The statue of “Sophia” in the KWR's playground can serve as a symbol of the association. It was built in the 1950s and originally stood on the former building of the Ratsgymnasium.
In 1998 the number of pupils rose slightly. The Kaiser Wilhelm and Ratsgymnasium had 516 students at that time. When the central high school diploma was introduced in Lower Saxony in 2006, the Kaiser Wilhelm and Ratsgymnasium had the best high school diploma (2.1) in the country.
New building of the KWG (1950s): the auditorium
Way to the staff room
Former smokers' farm
School grounds
Extension of the KWR (1990s)
Council high school
monument, postcard by Karl Friedrich Wunder , around 1898
The Hanover Ratsgymnasium traces its history back to the schola in Honovere , first mentioned in 1262 . In 1315, the city council granted permission to build a school building at the market church . In 1348 the city acquired the school and all rights (“Se mogen ok mer Scole maken within the city, icht se willet”) and from then on selected the rectores for a year.
The school prepared for ecclesiastical and secular careers and also taught Latin, speaking and writing, rhetoric and singing. She financed herself and the rector , who was the only teacher for all three grades, through school fees . Poor children formed begging choirs and performed in public for their school fees.
When the council dismissed a Protestant teacher in 1532 and was overthrown as a result, Hanover became the "refuge of Lutheranism". The school professed its humanism. In 1578 the school building burned down. In 1597 the school had 800 pupils (some of them from Bremen) and a foundation for poor pupils was established.
In 1598 school rules banned gambling, bathing in the open air, throwing snowballs, drinking and wearing colorful clothes. In the 17th century, Low German was allowed and the students were given time to relax. The number of pupils fell in the period that followed, mainly because German displaced Latin as a result of the Enlightenment and nobles and citizens had private tutors - the social structure changed. In 1708 new school regulations were issued, in which lies, snacking, fornication and poor cleanliness were forbidden.
In 1759 only 65 students attended the school, whereupon in 1765 a secondary school with arithmetic, architecture and housekeeping was established in the lyceum building. In 1774 the number of pupils rose to 120 again. In 1803 the company moved into the former Vauxhall coffee house on Friederikenplatz . In 1812, French, the first modern foreign language, was added to the curriculum. In the early 19th century, eight grade levels, hour bells and weekly conferences were introduced, and violence was banned.
In 1847 the old schoolhouse was torn down to give the king a clear view of Waterlooplatz . The new building was inaugurated in 1854. The Wilhelminization of the municipal lyceum after the annexation by Prussia can be seen in the celebrations: Battle commemorative and monarch birthdays were celebrated with all pomp and the 550th anniversary celebrations, which took place in 1898, extended over four full days, with theater, school illumination, Exhibition gymnastics, banquet and ball.
In 1871 Lyceum II was split off from the traditional school.
In 1912, the city's Lyceum I was renamed Ratsgymnasium Hannover (RGH). Since then, the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium, founded in 1875 (see below), and the Ratsgymnasium existed side by side, more or less as a "competing company", which is hard to understand nowadays: two schools with the same profile focused on ancient languages , not too far apart.
After the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933 was the on duty RGH Altsprachenlehrer suspended Bernhard Rust Minister of Education. The level of education fell; School time was cut by a year, the old languages pushed to the margins and Tacitus ' " Germania " compulsory reading. Many hours fell victim to National Socialist events.
1935 rejected students Untertertia their history teacher because of his Nazi setting. He was dismissed; the Ratsgymnasium remained somewhat critical and self-determined. In 1937 the last Jewish student (Israel Schul) passed his Abitur there . At the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, teachers who were fit for the war were drafted. From 1943 onwards, older students without a secondary school leaving certificate were recruited and received a leaving certificate with a “Reifevermerk”. They worked or were used as " flak helpers ".
Large parts of the school building were destroyed in the air raids on Hanover on October 8, 1943. In 1945 the Ratsgymnasium had 164 fallen and 13 victims of the Nazi regime. In the following time of need, many teachers and students were absent. Classes were limited by ancient teaching aids (among other things, there were shifts in the existing school buildings). Many students were malnourished and at risk of tuberculosis.
In 1954 the new building of the Ratsgymnasium at Schützenplatz Hannover , today International School Hannover Region , was inaugurated. Student participation was introduced at the same time.
Coeducation had been introduced at the Ratsgymnasium by 1969 at the latest , with the restriction that girls in the 5th grade had to start with Latin as their first language. In 1978 both the Ratsgymnasium and the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium passed the final Abitur before the introduction of the orientation level. However, after the introduction of the orientation level in Lower Saxony, the grammar schools did not begin until the seventh grade, which caused enormous problems, especially for the ancient languages.
There was a sponsorship of the Stadtgymnasium Altstadt-Kneiphof (Königsberg) , which was created in 1923 from the union of the Kneiphöfischen and the Altstädtisches Gymnasium in Königsberg (Prussia) .
Kaiser Wilhelm High School
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The "Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium" (KWG) was founded in 1875 as the only Prussian school in Hanover, a former stronghold of the Welfs . In 1881 it moved to its new school building in the street Am Prison House . Since this street was named after the court jail opposite to the north and surrounded by high walls , it was renamed Leonhardtstraße at the urging of the director . The number of students increased rapidly.
The same applies to the development during the time of National Socialism as to the Ratsgymnasium. When a foreign student wrote an essay on freedom of the press, the high school director Hoesch was almost dismissed. He had announced that he wanted to run the school “never in the spirit of a party, but according to pedagogical criteria”. During the Second World War, 206 students from the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium were killed. For the post-war period, however, one must speak of an undue denazification, as the educational scientist Achim Leschinsky did in a dispute with the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium and the actors teaching there such as the headmaster Erich von Drygalski (born December 19, 1901) and his old comrades von who depicted Napola Ilfeld and Napola Schulpforta.
The building of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gymnasium was also destroyed by the air raids on Hanover in the Second World War. The Humboldt School was initially used as an alternative accommodation. Between 1952 and 1956 the new high school was built in Seelhorststrasse near Hanover Zoo and Hanover City Hall .
In 1950 the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gymnasium had around 500 students again, in 1957 the number rose to 825. In the 1960s, on June 1, students worked for mail-order farmers for “parcels to the zone”, with the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gymnasium often one Third of the money from Hanover contributed. The student body was politicized by the student protests of the late 1960s. At the beginning of the 1970s there were calls for a say in grades, free choice of subjects and sex education. In 1971, the overall conference at Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium decided to introduce co-education . Previously in Hanover there was only an old-language branch for girls at the Sophienschule . In 1974 the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium had 619 students with a growing proportion of Latin. Lessons were changed more thoroughly than ever: as early as the mid-1960s, new textbooks appeared at the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Gymnasium from among the colleges such as Horst Holtermann, Hans Gappa and Heinz Papenhoff (later director at the Ratsgymnasium) or Hans Baumgarten; they value language reflection. The rush to the humanistic grammar schools was so great that the city considered building another one.
Former class and school foundation
In addition to the “alumni club”, there is an active “alumni class” at the school. It is a facility with a long tradition that was taken over by the KWG. Another special feature is the KWR Foundation, which has been in existence since autumn 2008.
Well-known students and teachers
Teacher
- Georg Scharnikau (Scarabaeus) (1505–1558), first Protestant preacher in Hanover and from 1527 rector of the council school
- Johann Ludolf Bünemann (1687–1759), philologist and literary historian, rector from 1739
- Jacob Struve (1755–1841) was principal of the grammar school from 1785 to 1791
- Friedrich Ernst Ruhkopf (1760–1821), director of the Lyceum, edited five Seneca volumes and was a member of the Royal Society of Sciences in Göttingen
- Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Bödeker (1779–1825), 1807 sub-principal, 1817 vice-principal, poet and writer
- Georg Friedrich Grotefend (1775-1853), director of the Lyceum from 1821 to 1849, combinatorially deciphered the Persepolitan cuneiform without knowing Persian, wrote two Latin grammars and founded the Association for the German Language , where he met Jacob Grimm
- Raphael Kühner (1802–1878), grammar school teacher of Ancient Languages and later as "Rector" deputy headmaster of the Lyceum until 1863. He wrote a. a. two “Detailed grammars”, each comprising 4 volumes, on ancient Greek (1835–1836 1st edition; 1869–1871 2nd edition) and on Latin (1877–1879, partly posthumously ed.). The syntax parts of these two grammars experienced many new editions up to the 20th century in the later adaptations by Bernhard Gehre for the Greek (1904) and Carl Stegmann for the Latin (1914) and, “as irreplaceable standard works, still form the basis of the language training not only in Germany ”(J. Latacz, in: Gymnasium 81, 1974, 76).
- Wilhelm Pieper (revolutionary) (1826–1898), previously in London temporarily private secretary of Karl Marx, later at the Ratsgymnasium
- Richard Wachsmuth (1840–1908), first director of the KWG
- Adolf Köcher (1848–1917), teacher, received medals for lectures from Wilhelm II. Nordlandfahrten, privy councilor
- Ernst Kohlrausch (1850–1923), teacher, inventor of the chronophotographic apparatus for serial photography
- Wilhelm Prinzhorn (1859–1946), director, provincial school council in Prussia. Ministry of Culture
- Rudolf Graefenhain (1867–1940), director, previously tutor to the Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Bernhard Rust (1883–1945), teacher (ancient languages) at the Ratsgymnasium from 1911, 1925 Gauleiter Hannover-Nord, 1933–1945 Reich Minister of Education (1883–1945)
- Hans Wohltmann (1884–1968), teacher from 1915, historian, Brothers Grimm Prize winner, Stader honorary citizen and from 1926 director of the Athenaeum Stade
- Rolf Hartung (1908–1995), art teacher at the KWG (from 1967 Werkkunstschule Hannover), painter and author
- Heinz Papenhoff (born May 12, 1931 in Bochum; † March 4, 2000 in Hanover), classical philologist and grammar school teacher at the KWG from 1956, director at the Ratsgymnasium from 1972.
- Achim Block (1932–2019), classical philologist and politician, at the KWG from 1956 to 1969
- Bernhard HF Taureck (* 1943), teacher, German philosopher and professor at the Technical University of Braunschweig (taught from 1996 to 2007)
student
Sorted by year of birth
- Johannes Schele (approx. 1385 / 90–1439), 1407 secretary to Emperor Sigismund, then Bishop of Lübeck
- Reiner Reineccius (1541–1595), first history professor in Helmstedt
- Karl Philipp Moritz (1756–1793), writer of Sturm und Drang , pioneer of the psychological development novel with Anton Reiser , an autobiographical work that processed his school days
- August Wilhelm Iffland (1759–1814), born in the Leibnizhaus, actor, “crowd favorite of his time” and director of the Berlin National Theater; The actor's honor "Iffland-Ring" is named after him
- August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), poet, founds a circle with Novalis, Schelling, Brentano with his brother Friedrich, who does not go to the Lyceum because his parents consider him less gifted, and creates the literary theoretical basis of Romanticism
- Georg Wilhelm Glünder (1799–1848), officer, author and editor, second director at the Polytechnic School in Hanover
- Heinrich Bergmann (1799–1887), officer, university curator, administrative lawyer, consistorial director and minister of education
- August Heinrich Andreae (1804–1846), Hanoverian painter and city architect
- Rudolf Wiegmann (1804–1865), architect, professor and secretary at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , secretary of the Art Association for Rhineland and Westphalia , architectural painter, graphic artist, etcher, lithographer, illustrator and art writer
- Eduard Freiherr von Schele (1805–1875), Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hanover and Postmaster General in Frankfurt am Main
- Hermann Klencke (1813–1881), military doctor, private scholar and writer
- Rudolf von Bennigsen (1824–1902), leader of the National Liberals, opponent of Bismarck, 1888 President of the Province of Hanover
- Ludwig Lange (1825–1885), philologist and archaeologist
- Georg Meissner (1829–1905), anatomist and physiologist, discoverer of the skin corpuscles named after him
- Julius Wellhausen (1844–1918), theologian
- Barend Sijmons (1853-1935), philologist
- Hans Eyl (1854–1913), City Counsel and Deputy City Director of Hanover
- Heinrich Tramm (1854–1932), city director of Hanover
- Wilhelm Hoyer (1854–1932), geologist and engineer
- Max Devrient (1857–1929), Vienna Hofburg actor and director
- Hermann Valentin (1863–1913), member of the state parliament in the Principality of Lippe
- Ernst Wegener (1863–1945), German lawyer and politician
- Alfred Hugenberg (1865–1951), German mining, armaments and media entrepreneur, politician (DNVP)
- Georg Crusen (1867–1949), German lawyer and President of the Higher Court of the Free City of Danzig
- Hugo Lindemann (1867–1949), German university professor and social democratic politician
- Viktor Lampe (1869–1932), President of the State Church Office in Hanover
- Theodor Lessing (1872–1933), lecturer at the Hanover University of Philosophy and Education, avowed Leninist, murdered by the National Socialists in Prague
- Arnold Nöldeke (1875–1964) (1875–1964), architect, excavator, art historian and author
- Hartwig von Wersebe (1879–1968), singer
- Karl Erich Andrée (1880–1959), geologist, rector of the Albertus University
- Ernst August Büttner (1881–1955)
- Johann Frerking (1884–1971), literary and theater critic and writer
- Arthur Quantity (1884–1965), German politician and Lord Mayor of Hanover (1925–1937), member of the resistance against Hitler since February 1943
- Georg Lindemann (1884–1963), Colonel General in World War II
- Georg Lindemann (politician) (1885–1961), SPD Senator in Hanover
- Theodor Lockemann (1885–1945), German librarian, director of the university library in Jena (KWG)
- Herbert Ihering (1888–1977), German dramaturge, director, journalist and theater critic
- Reinhard Kapp (1907–1995), German specialist lawyer for tax law
- Heinrich Dörrie (1911–1983), German classical philologist
- Ulrich de Maizière (1912–2006), general and fourth inspector general of the Bundeswehr from 1966–1972
- Helmut Coing (1912–2000), Director at the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History and Vice President of the Max Planck Society
- Ernst Friedrich Brockmann (1920–1978), Nazi victim, architect, sculptor and graphic artist, Vice President of the Association of German Architects
- Rudolf Augstein (1923–2002), from 1946 editor of the weekly newspaper Der Spiegel
- Hanns Simons (1925–1984), civil engineer and professor at the TU Braunschweig
- Hans Christhard Mahrenholz (* 1928), lawyer and politician
- Ernst Gottfried Mahrenholz (* 1929), judge at the Federal Constitutional Court from 1981 to 1994
- Volkmar Köhler (1930–2012), German politician (CDU), Lord Mayor of the City of Wolfsburg from June to November 1972, 1972–1994 member of the German Bundestag for the Helmstedt-Wolfsburg Chamber of Commerce
- Peter Hahn (* 1931), German physician, representative of the Heidelberg anthropological school of medicine
- Ulrich Beer (1932–2011), qualified psychologist, specialist writer
- Hans-Ludwig Schreiber (* 1933), President of the Georg-August University of Göttingen, criminal lawyer and legal philosopher
- Eckard Lefèvre (* 1935), German classical philologist
- Klaus Bartels (1936–2020), German-Swiss classical philologist and journalist
- Rolf Seelmann-Eggebert (* 1937), CBE , journalist for NDR television and one of the best-known German aristocracy experts
- Eike Mühlenfeld (1938–2018), physicist and professor for measurement and automation technology
- Dietrich Kurz (* 1942), sports educator and university professor
- Ulrich Reuling (1942–2000), medieval historian and world champion in discus throw (senior class)
- Jochen Feilcke (* 1942) Member of the Bundestag 1983–1998, since 1999 chairman of the German-Israeli Society in Berlin and Potsdam
- Achim Leschinsky (1944–2011), educationalist, professor at the Humboldt University in Berlin
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Tebbe (* 1945) conductor, university professor, founder of the Bückeburg Bach Orchestra , chairman of the International Richard Sahla Society
- Michael Schaefer (* 1949), German diplomat and ambassador to the People's Republic of China since 2007
- Wolfram Kollatschny (* 1950), German astrophysicist
- Werner Taegert (* 1950), German classical philologist, English scholar and librarian
- Werner Hoyer (* 1951), Member of the Bundestag, Minister of State in the Foreign Office, German politician (FDP)
- Eckhard Lucius (1954–2011), biology didactic at the Leibniz Institute for Science Education (IPN) at the University of Kiel
- Fritz Baltruweit (* 1955), pastor and songwriter
- Heiko von der Leyen (* 1955), doctor and university professor
- Martin Lohse (* 1956), doctor and university professor
- Wolfram Thiem (1956-2011), rower
- Ingo Metzmacher (* 1957), conductor
- Stephan Weil (* 1958), former Lord Mayor of the state capital Hanover, Lower Saxony Prime Minister (SPD)
- Giovanni di Lorenzo (* 1959), German-Italian journalist, co-editor of the Tagesspiegel , editor-in-chief of the weekly newspaper Die Zeit and talk show host (left after the 11th grade (RGH))
- Tilman Krause (* 1959), German literary critic and chief editor of the daily newspaper Die Welt
- Wiebke Hoogklimmer (* 1960), singer and producer
- Andreas Aguilar (* 1962), 1989 world champion in gymnastics on the horizontal bar, multiple German champion
- Markus Becker (* 1963), pianist
- Stefan Schostok (* 1964), former Lord Mayor of the state capital Hanover, former Member of the State Parliament, chairman of the SPD district of Hanover, German politician (SPD)
- Hans-Joachim Frey (* 1965), cultural manager
- Eckart von Klaeden (* 1965), former Member of the Bundestag and Minister of State in the Federal Chancellery, German politician (CDU)
- Dirk Toepffer (* 1965), MdL, former chairman of the CDU Hannover-Stadt, German politician (CDU) and lawyer
- Franziska Rubin (* 1968), presenter and actress
- Ruben Jonas Schnell (* 1968), music journalist and founder of the Internet radio station ByteFM
- Volker Henning Drecoll (* 1968), church historian
- Bora Dagtkin (* 1978), writer and director
- Cornelius Meister (* 1980), conductor and pianist as well as general music director of the city of Heidelberg
- Igor Levit (* 1987), pianist
- Elisabeth Brauss (* 1995), pianist
literature
- Hans Kammel: Kaiser Wilhelm and Ratsgymnasium Hanover. In: Klaus Mlynek , Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 333.
- Achim Leschinsky: Old comrades. On the undermined denazification in the West German school system after the end of the Second World War. In: Yearbook for historical educational research. 12 (2006), pp. 91-116.
- 100 years of Kaiser Wilhelm's high school in Hanover 1875–1975. Festschrift. Hannover 1975, pp. 171-172, 181.
- Albert Marx: History of the Ratsgymnasium Hannover. 1267-1992. Hanover 1992.
Individual evidence
- ^ Dieter Brosius : The industrial city. From the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the First World War. In: Klaus Mlynek , Waldemar R. Röhrbein (ed.): History of the City of Hanover , Volume 2: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Schlütersche , Hannover 1994, ISBN 3-87706-364-0 , pp. 273-404, here p. 386 .
- ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon. Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
- ↑ Sabine Wehking : DI 36, No. 111 † on the inschriften.net page , last accessed on May 29, 2013
- ^ Jens Schmidt-Clausen: Scharnikau (Scarabaeus), Georg. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 537
- ^ "> Wachsmuth, Richard in the database of Niedersächsische Personen (new entry required) in the processing of May 21, 2012, last accessed on April 21, 2016
- ^ Klaus Mlynek: Graefenhain, Rudolf. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 228
- ^ Karl Karmarsch: Georg Wilhelm Glünder. In: Die Polytechnische Schule zu Hannover , second, very expanded edition, “With three sheets of images of the institution's building”, Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung , Hannover 1856, p. 154 f. u. ö.
- ^ Klaus Mlynek : Bergmann, (2) Heinrich. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 52.
- ↑ Klaus Mlynek: EYL, Hans. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 113; online through google books
- ^ Klaus Mlynek : Tramm, Heinrich. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 626.
- ↑ Biography at www.tsingtau.org - History of the Germans in East Asia - 1898 to 1946, accessed on May 13, 2016
- ^ Arnold Nöldeke: Youth. In: Altiki the Finder / Memoirs of an Excavator , ed. by Elisabeth Weber-Nöldeke, Georg Olms Verlag AG, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2003, ISBN 3-487-11732-0 , p. 15ff., here: p. 23.
- ↑ Ernst August Büttner: The war of the Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades in Franconia 1552–1555 , dissertation 1908 at the University of Göttingen, Göttingen 1908, p. 41 and others; Preview over google books
- ↑ Sebastian Göschel, Corinna Kirschstein, Fee Isabelle Lingnau: Surviving in times of upheaval. Biographical essays on Herbert Ihering. Horlemann Verlag, Leipzig and Berlin 2012. S. 35f.
- ^ Friedrich Lindau : Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Brockmann. In: Reconstruction and Destruction. The city in dealing with its architectural identity. With a foreword by Paulhans Peters. 2nd revised edition. Schlütersche , Hannover 2001, ISBN 3-87706-659-3 , p. 321 u. ö. , with photo u. A., online through Google Books
- ↑ Giovanni di Lorenzo: From paradise to hell and back. My apprenticeship years. In: Die Zeit of August 30, 2001; Marion Püning, Jörg Staude: Two from the subject. Giovanni di Lorenzo and Steffen Seibert in a double interview. (PDF; 532 kB) In: Galore from July / August 2008, pp. 64–71; Sandra Pingel: Alumni VIP: Giovanni di Lorenzo. A child of the German schools. In: encounter. German School Work Abroad No. 3/2009 (PDF; 12.4 MB), pp. 16–19; Ronald Meyer-Arlt: "We dropped our pants". Zeit editor-in-chief Giovanni Di Lorenzo speaks in a HAZ interview about his youth in Hanover, about attitudes, success and bad teachers. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of May 3, 2011.
- ^ Tilman Krause: Nobody can remember Stephan Weil. In: Die Welt from January 23, 2013.
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