Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha

Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha

Friedrich Otto Heinrich Freiherr von Friesen-Rötha (born May 23, 1831 in Dresden , † October 5, 1910 in Rötha ) was majorate and member of the German Reichstag .

family

Rötha Castle , residence of the von Friesen-Rötha family

Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha comes from the noble family Friesen . He was born in 1831 as the first son of the Saxon field marshal and Shakespeare researcher Hermann Freiherr von Friesen auf Trachenau (* February 27, 1802 in Dresden, † January 23, 1882 in Dresden) and his wife Kamilla, née von Brandenstein, from the Wüstenstein family ( * November 25, 1803 in Dresden, † January 17, 1892 in Dresden) born in Dresden. He had two younger brothers:

• Ernst von Friesen (1836–1913), Saxon major general
• Karl Freiherr von Friesen-Miltitz (1847–1928), Saxon major general

Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha was first taught by private tutors and from Easter 1846 attended the prince's school St. Afra near Meißen .

Schleinitz Castle

On September 4, 1862 he married in Hohenstädt with Grimma Marie Susanne von Zehmen (born June 26, 1836 in Schleinitz-Wutschwitz, † September 19, 1914 in Friedrichroda), who inherited Schleinitz Castle in 1906 from her brother and owned it until 1945. The couple had six children, only two of whom reached adulthood:

• Anna Maria (born August 18, 1863 in Dresden, † September 23, 1865 in Rötha)
• Ernst Friedrich Carl (born April 2, 1865 in Dresden, † November 7, 1929 in Rötha), royal Saxon major general
• Johann Hermann Heinrich (born July 7, 1867 in Riesa)
• Friedrich (* December 21, 1871, † January 11, 1872 in Rötha)
• Marie (born February 22 in Rötha, † April 7, 1873 in Rötha)
• Christian Herrmann Stephan (born June 6, 1875 in Rötha, † May 17, 1883 in Rötha)

Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha died on October 5, 1910 in Rötha.

Military and political career

Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha joined the Saxon Army and served in the 1st Cavalry Regiment from April 1, 1850 to July 1, 1871 . From November 1, 1857, he attended the war school in Dresden and was appointed lieutenant on August 17, 1858 . From 1861 to 1866 he was division adjutant of the cavalry. In 1866, during the war against Prussia, he took part in the battles at Gitschin and Königgrätz as commander of the 3rd squadron . On July 21, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of St. Henry . On November 11, 1866, he returned to the provisional garrison Mittweida. When the Saxon Army was reorganized, he was transferred to the newly established 1st Uhlan Regiment No. 17 and was initially stationed in Rosswein , later in Riesa .

On July 28, 1870, he went to the Franco-German War with his squadron . He took part in the battles of St. Privat and Verdun, the Equestrian Battle of Busancy, the Battle of Nouart, the Battle of Beaumont and the Battle of Douzy, the Battle of Sedan and the Siege of Paris . For his service in the Battle of Douzy he was promoted to major on September 21 and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class.

On March 23, 1871, he left the army during an armistice because his uncle Friedrich von Friesen (1796–1871) had died. On March 28, 1871, he was awarded the Knight's Cross First Class of the Order of Merit with Swords. Friesen also received the Order of the Iron Crown . He was the author of several military and political brochures.

Friesen-Rötha was chairman of the conservative state association in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1882 and from 1883 to 1892 by royal appointment a member of the first chamber of the Saxon state parliament . Among other things, he promoted the inclusion of anti-Semitic tendencies in the program of the conservative party. In 1894 he resigned from the board of the state association. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the German Reichstag for the German Conservative Party for the constituency Kingdom of Saxony 7 ( Meißen , Grossenhain , Riesa ) and the German Conservative Party.

The Frisian garden directorate

Invoice of the v. Frisian Garden Directorate, Rötha

Postcard of the Obstweinchänke Rötha, used 1905

After the death of his uncle Friedrich von Friesen, who bequeathed Rötha to him, Heinrich von Friesen returned to Rötha from the war in 1871. Encouraged by his father-in-law, who cultivated extensive orchards in Schleinitz, he began to grow fruit on a large scale in Rötha as well. In Rötha and the surrounding area there has been a long wine-growing tradition since at least the 15th century. Friesen also established fruit growing in the area.

First he planted the paths and rains of his property with cherry and apple trees. As early as 1872, however, he began planting larger areas, which he systematically expanded. In total, his plantation reached a size of 12,000 apple trees, 4,800 pear trees, 3,800 cherry trees, 500 plum trees and 1,500 peaches and apricots. He also grew berries on a large scale: at times he cultivated 42,000 currant, 12,000 goose and 18,000 raspberry bushes and almost 20 hectares of strawberry crops. The fruit was mainly supplied to the market in Leipzig and soon became an important source of income for the region.

Von Friesen founded his own tree nursery for his need for planting material. In order to train qualified personnel for his fruit growing business, he set up a gardening school for fruit growing in 1875. Up to 50 apprentice gardeners were trained on this. There were also courses in fruit growing for road keepers and teachers. The fruit growing school was closed in 1888. Since the yield of his orchards soon exceeded local needs, von Friesen founded a fruit processing company in 1882, in which cider was made from the excess harvest. A fruit wine tavern was attached to the winery.

In 1906 von Friesen leased his orchards and exploitation operations to a company he had founded, the Freiherrlich von Friesensche Gartendirektion GmbH . In 1912 the winery was expanded to include a fruit and vegetable canning factory. In addition to fruit wine and canned goods, the company also produced sparkling wine, jams and candied fruit. The Röthaer Großkelterei, which existed until 2012, emerged from the Freiherrlich von Friesensche Gartendirektion GmbH .

Because of the castle park and the extensive orchards of the Freiherr von Friesen, Rötha was called a garden city; the city still bears this nickname today. Rötha became a popular destination for the nearby Leipzig, known for its tree blossom. Friesen was also active as an author in the field of fruit growing. He is the author of the work Planting Trees on Public Paths. (Leipzig 1878) as well as the practical guide in fruit growing. (Rötha 1881). He dealt intensively with fruit varieties (pomology) and owned an extensive collection of pomological works. He had separated them and arranged the individual leaves alphabetically according to the type and type of fruit. After his death in 1910, he bequeathed the collection of more than 20,000 sheets to the German Pomologists Association ; it is now in the library of the German horticulture in Berlin.

Former Rötha fruit wine tavern, 2014

From around 1900, lignite mining was increasingly carried out on a large scale in the area. The landowners had to cede land to the coal-producing companies. In 1901 Heinrich von Friesen granted mining rights for around 100 hectares in the Espenhainer corridor for the first time . Since the coal mining was initially only underground, the owners retained ownership of the land. With the change to the more effective opencast mining in the 1910s, the Saxon state, later the Aktiengesellschaft Sächsische Werke (ASW), acquired the land in question. After Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha's death in 1910, his grandson, Baron Otto Heinrich von Friesen, had to sell large plots of land in the Espenhain area and the Rötha gardening directorate to ASW at a fixed standard value, i.e. well below value, in the mid-1920s.

Works

• Julius Heinrich Graf von Friesen, Imperial General Feldzeugmeister, Royal English Lieutenant General: A portrait from the end of the seventeenth century. Wilhelm Baensch Verlagbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1870. ( digitized )
• The planting of trees on the public roads. Leipzig, 1878.
• The economic importance of vegetable growing, with special consideration of the conditions in the Kingdom of Saxony. Lecture given on November 2, 1877 in the Economic Society in the Kingdom of Saxony. Published in: Communications of the Economic Society in the Kingdom of Saxony , 11th edition, Schönfeld, Dresden 1878.
• Practical guide in fruit growing. Rötha, 1881.
• On the necessity of cooperation between ecclesiastical and state factors in the ethical and social sphere. Leipzig, 1886.
• Religion and politics. Leipzig, 1887.
• Conservative; a last hour warning. Reported at the party congress of the Saxon Conservatives in Dresden on June 13, 1892. ( digitized version )
• The conservatives in the struggle against the overwhelming power of Judaism and for the preservation of the middle class. Conservative State Association, Leipzig 1892.
• The negotiations about the renovation of the S. Georgenkirche in Rötha. Rötha, 1894.
• The family entitlements in their historical development and economic significance. Dresden, 1900.
• Memories of an old rider officer a. D. to the battle of Königgrätz on July 3, 1866. Rötha, 1902.
• Sword and Plow - the collected studies and observations of an old nobleman with regard to the social classifications of peoples. 2 volumes, 1907 and 1910.

See also

• List of pomologists

Web links

• Reichsfreiherr von Friesen-Rötha, Heinrich in the database of members of the Reichstag
• Biography of Heinrich Freiherr Friesen-Roetha . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry on Otto Heinrich Freiherr von Friesen auf Rötha in the trunk series ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ^ New German Biography, Volume 5, Falck - Fyner, Berlin 1961, p. 611 f.
3. ^ Ernst von Friesen: History of the free-lordly family of Friesen. Published by C. Heinrich, Dresden 1899, p. 316.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Ernst von Friesen: History of the imperial baron family von Friesen. Published by C. Heinrich, Dresden 1899, p. 315.
5. ↑ On the history of the Conservative State Association in the Kingdom of Saxony . In: The Fatherland. Conservative weekly paper for the Saxon people. Organ of the Conservative State Association and all conservative associations in the Kingdom of Saxony . Anniversary number, December 9, 1900, pp. 1–4, here p. 2.
6. ↑ CA Wimmer: The Freiherr von Friesensche Collection - A monument to pomology in the garden library. Zandera 18 (1), 2003, p. 2.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d} O. Engelmann: The Friesensche garden directorate in Rötha. In: Heimatblätter from Bornaer Pflege. Issue 6, 1931.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Ivonne Graichen: To make things that have been lost tangible again? - Development proposals for the Rötha palace area, Leipzig district. Bachelor thesis to obtain the academic degree of a Bachelor of Science. Dresden University of Applied Sciences, 2013.
9. ↑ CA Wimmer: The Freiherr von Friesensche Collection - A monument to pomology in the garden library. Zandera 18 (1), 2003, p. 4.
10. ^ CA Wimmer: Pomological Book Holdings in Berlin. In: Annual issue of the Pomologen-Verein eV, 2009, p. 77 f.
11. ↑ Thomas Schmidt: The development of the Espenhain opencast mine. ( Memento of the original from June 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on June 1, 2014.