German pomologists association

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The first board of directors of the German Pomologists Association: E. Lucas, KH Koch and JGC Oberdieck

The German Pomologists Association was an association that existed from 1860 to 1919, which dealt with the knowledge of fruit varieties (pomology) , with questions of fruit growing and the utilization of fruit. The association disbanded in 1919. In 1991 the Pomologen-Verein eV was founded, which is committed to the preservation of the variety of fruit in the tradition of the German Pomologists Association.

Foundation of the association

The association's seat was initially the Pomological Institute in Reutlingen

The association was founded on October 4, 1860 at the 3rd General Assembly of German Pomologists, Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growers in Berlin on the basis of an application by Curt Baron von Bose. When the association was founded, 60 members joined the association; Karl Heinrich Koch , Johann Georg Conrad Oberdieck and Eduard Lucas took over the board, with Lucas acting as managing director. The official seat of the association was therefore initially the Pomological Institute in Reutlingen .

Purpose and goals of the association

Brand for the 50th anniversary of the German Pomologists Association

When it was founded, according to the statutes, the general purpose and task of the association was to promote German fruit science . In particular, the identification and correct naming of the types of fruit occurring in Germany should be promoted. This was considered necessary because at that time there was a large number of fruit varieties in Germany, some of which were only regionally distributed, for which no documentation was available and which were sometimes named with different regional and local synonyms. In retrospect, this endeavor to systematize the types of fruit was also referred to as the phase of ordering pomology (1850–1870). An important pomological achievement in this phase was the publication of the Illustrirten Handbuch der Obstkunde with 8 volumes by Oberdieck, Lucas and Jahn between 1859 and 1875. Together with the supplement volume pears from 1879 and the supplementary volume published by W. Lauche in 1883, the Plant described a total of 2,653 varieties of 13 types of fruit.

Over time, the efforts of the pomologists increasingly shifted from systematisation to the selection and cultivation recommendation of fruit varieties based on their special properties and suitability. In retrospect, this period is also referred to as the recommendatory pomology phase (approx. 1860–1900). To promote this concern, the club next to the formed section for fruit customer and the Section of Pomology a section for fruit use and selection of varieties on the type of use, according to climate and soil . The pomologists increasingly worked out variety recommendations, which were summarized in the so-called normal ranges. These should serve as the basis for regional recommendations at district, district and state level. The first variety recommendation was drawn up in 1853 at the fruit and vegetable exhibition of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States in Naumburg and contained 10 apple and pear varieties as well as 12 grape varieties for winemaking and 19 types of table grapes. The range was gradually expanded to include other types of fruit and around 1900 comprised approx. 220 varieties from 10 types of fruit.

Around 1900 the association experienced a renewed phase of upheaval due to the increasingly important focus on practical relevance and economic goals in fruit growing. This orientation was driven by developments in German and international fruit growing. Despite the restriction to the best varieties propagated by the Pomologists Association, it was not possible to increase the yield significantly. At that time, fruit growing in Germany was mainly part-time farming. Due to the increasing import of fruit from the USA, in which plantation-like fruit growing was already predominant, the increasingly professionalized trade required large, uniform items. From 1906 the pomologists' association published its own fruit growing reports and maintained its own fruit news service, and from 1907 took part in the agricultural exhibitions in Berlin. The club magazine previously published under the title Pomologische Monatshefte - Allgemeine Deutsche Obstbauzeitung became the Deutsche Obstbauzeitung from 1906 . Association publication of the German Fruit Growing Society in Eisenach. renamed.

activities

Title page of the monthly for pomology and practical fruit growing 1860 - organ of the German pomologists association

Between 1860 and 1909 the association held regular general assemblies at changing locations in Germany, each of which was connected with fruit exhibitions. These exhibitions, to which the members were able to send in their assortments, primarily served the technical exchange, the expansion of the variety knowledge as well as the identification and reliable determination of previously unknown types of fruit. With the change in the direction of the association, they were increasingly supplemented by aspects of fruit growing as well as fruit processing and marketing. Each member of the association could send fruits to the board with a request to determine the variety. Furthermore, the association maintained a fruit orchard in Mähringen, in which 600 different types of fruit were cultivated, of which edible vines with assured varietal authenticity were given for propagation and whose harvest was also supplied to the fruit exhibitions.

With the Pomological monthly magazine , he published a monthly magazine for its members, the editing of which was done by Oberdieck and Lucas. In addition to the minutes of the association's meetings, the magazine mainly published articles on variety studies and variety recommendations as well as articles by various authors, including topics such as fruit growing and viticulture, cultivation methods, fruit tree pruning and vine training, plant diseases and crop protection as well as fruit processing. Types of fruit that were considered to be particularly worthy of dissemination were described in detail and often depicted with color images. At irregular intervals, the association also published fruit-growing and varietal publications, which the association members received as so-called association gifts. In Reutlingen, the association maintained a club library in which books on the topics of varietal science and fruit growing were collected.

With the Dielsstiftung, named after the pomologist August Friedrich Adrian Diel , the German Pomologists Association supported young pomologists and fruit tree growers through grants for study trips or training at the Pomological Institute.

When the association was founded, 50 members joined it. With the increasing number of members, the association sought to establish so-called local associations from 1877 in order to better represent the interests of the members on site. At that time the association already had 730 members. From 1890 the number of members was regularly over 1000; in the year of its dissolution in 1919, the association had 5583 members.

Dissolution of the association

At the annual meeting in Erfurt in 1919, it was decided to rename the German fruit growing company for the following year and thus to dissolve the association. The successor organization, the Deutsche Obstbaugesellschaft, saw itself as the professional and professional representation of commercial fruit growers. The association publication Deutsche Obstbauzeitung became from 1922 with the Deutsche Gemüsebauzeitung to the German fruit and vegetable growing newspaper : weekly of the Reichsverband des Deutschen Gartenbaues. united. The German Fruit Growing Society was primarily committed to simplifying and rationalizing fruit production and the fruit trade. With the introduction of the Reich fruit varieties, a significant reduction in the variety of varieties was pursued in order to achieve a unification and standardization of the range, which is particularly required by retailers. For the apple, for example, the range only contained three apple varieties for the entire Reich.

According to the catalog printed in 1909, the association's own library comprised 1,133 volumes and was expanded in 1910 to include the holdings from the estate of the Saxon pomologist Heinrich von Friesen-Rötha . In 1913 there were already over 3,000 volumes, which came to the Reichsverband des Deutschen Gartenbaues (Reich Association of German Horticulture) that was established in 1924 after the association was dissolved. Thanks to the efforts of Robert Zander , the library has been preserved over the decades and is now part of the special collection of the German Horticultural Library of the Technical University of Berlin . Important works were digitized in 2005 and made accessible online.

In 1991 the Pomologen-Verein e. V. founded, which works in the tradition of the German Pomologists Association for the preservation of the variety of fruit. An important part of the work is finding and researching old varieties that have since disappeared.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Lucas: General report on the fruit and vegetable exhibition in Berlin. in: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Monthly magazine for pomology and practical fruit growing. Verlag von Ebner and Seubert, Stuttgart 1860, p. 346 f
  2. ^ Eduard Lucas: The Pomological Association in Germany. in: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Monthly magazine for pomology and practical fruit growing - organ of the German pomologists association. Verlag von Ebner and Seubert, Stuttgart 1861, p. 3
  3. ↑ K. Koch, K. Filln: Constitutions of the German pomological association. In: Official report on the third general meeting of German pomologists, fruit and vegetable growers. Riegel's Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin 1861, p. 81 f.
  4. ^ K. Lott: Der Deutsche Obstbau 1850-1910. Dissertation at the Humboldt University Berlin, 1993.
  5. ^ W. Schuricht: The fruit growing of Central Germany from 1850 to 1900. in: The history of the fruit growing of Central Germany - Part I: The fruit growing of Central Germany from the Middle Ages to 1945; Friends of the German Horticultural Museum, Erfurt 2009, p. 37 ff
  6. ↑ Lauche's first supplementary volume to Lucas and Oberdieck's Illustrated Handbook of Fruit Science
  7. ^ K. Lott: Der Deutsche Obstbau 1850-1910. Dissertation at the Humboldt University Berlin, 1993
  8. ↑ § 6 of the statute of the German Pomologists Association, In: Deutscher Pomologenverein: Statutes. Directory of members. Library catalog. Ungeheuer and Ulmer printing press, Ludwigsburg 1897, p. 2.
  9. ↑ Schuricht: The fruit growing of Central Germany from 1850 to 1900. in: The history of fruit growing in Central Germany - Part I: The fruit growing of Central Germany from the Middle Ages to 1945; Friends of the German Horticultural Museum, Erfurt 2009, p. 42 ff
  10. ↑ C. Koch: Report on the exhibition of fruit, wine and vegetables in Naumburg during the days from October 9 to 13, 1853. Karl Wiegandt, Berlin 1954, p. 50 ff
  11. ↑ Minutes of the General Assembly of the German Pomologists Association. In: C. Braunbart: Report on the negotiations of the XV. General Assembly of German Pomologists and Fruit Growers and the German Pomologists Association in Dresden from October 14 to 19, 1899, V. Heinrich, Dresden 1900, p. 181 ff
  12. ^ G. Müller: Historical outline of the German Pomologists Association. In: Pomologen-Verein eV: Annual Issue 1991, p. 16
  13. ↑ Schuricht: The fruit growing of Central Germany from 1850 to 1900. in: The history of fruit growing in Central Germany - Part I: The fruit growing of Central Germany from the Middle Ages to 1945; Friends of the German Horticultural Museum, Erfurt 2009, p. 54
  14. ^ Record in the catalog of the German National Library
  15. ^ W. Schuricht: The "German Pomologenverein" 100 years ago. In: Pomologen-Verein eV: Annual Issue 2006, p. 77
  16. ↑ Eduard Lucas: § 7 of the statutes of the German Pomologists Association in: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Illustrirte monthly books for fruit and viticulture - organ of the German Pomologists Association. Eugen Ulmer, Ravensburg 1871, p. 69
  17. ^ Eduard Lucas: Deutscher Pomologen-Verein - Short report on the activity of the same during the first ten years of its existence. in: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Illustrirte monthly books for fruit and viticulture - organ of the German Pomologists Association. Eugen Ulmer, Ravensburg 1871, p. 71
  18. ↑ JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Monthly for pomology and practical fruit growing - organ of the German pomologists association. Eugen Ulmer, Ravensburg 1871, p. 69
  19. ^ Eduard Lucas: Deutscher Pomologen-Verein - Short report on the activity of the same during the first ten years of its existence. in: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Illustrirte monthly books for fruit and viticulture - organ of the German Pomologists Association. Published by Ebner and Seubert, Stuttgart 1860
  20. ^ Eduard Lucas: Deutscher Pomologen-Verein - Short report on the activity of the same during the first ten years of its existence. in: JGC Oberdieck, E. Lucas: Illustrirte monthly books for fruit and viticulture - organ of the German Pomologists Association. Eugen Ulmer, Ravensburg 1871, p. 76
  21. ^ W. Lauche: Negotiations of the VIII. General Assembly of German Pomologists and Fruit Growers in Potsdam, from October 3rd to 7th, 1877: Association donation of the German Pomologists Association to its members for 1876/77. Kramer'sche Buchdruckerei. Potsdam 1877.
  22. ^ W. Schuricht: The "German Pomologenverein" 100 years ago. In: Pomologen-Verein eV: Annual Issue 2006, p. 77
  23. ↑ Schuricht: The fruit growing of Central Germany from 1850 to 1900. in: The history of fruit growing in Central Germany - Part I: The fruit growing of Central Germany from the Middle Ages to 1945; Friends of the German Horticultural Museum, Erfurt 2009, p. 56
  24. ↑ Martin Degenbeck: On the situation of the orchards in Bavaria. In: Orchards in the cultural landscape. Bavarian State Agency for Agriculture (LfL), ISSN  1611-4159 , 2003, p. 12
  25. ↑ http://pomologie.ub.tu-berlin.de/