Eduard Lucas

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Portrait Eduard Lucas-w600.jpg

Karl Friedrich Eduard Lucas (born July 19, 1816 in Erfurt , † July 24, 1882 in Reutlingen ) was a German pomologist of the 19th century.

Life and family

Karl Friedrich Eduard Lucas, 1876

Lucas was born on July 19, 1816, the son of the Erfurt doctor Carl Friedrich Lucas and his wife Charlotte Maximiliane Josepha Borberrg. Both parents died in 1826, which resulted in Lucas becoming an orphan at the age of 10. After the death of his parents, Lucas lived in the household of his uncle, the pharmacist Christian Lucas, who owned the Erfurt Mohrenapotheke. Even as a teenager he was interested in gardening and botany and regularly visited Friedrich Adolph Haage junior's gardening shop in Erfurt . At the age of 15, he broke off attending grammar school in Erfurt and turned to his life's interests, gardening.

On November 9, 1841, Eduard Lucas married Walburga Rueff (1821–1903), the eldest daughter of Joseph Rueff (1791–1840), a Munich captain and chief fireworks officer, whom he had met while working at the Botanical Garden in Munich . On October 30, 1842 the first child, the son Friedrich, was born, who later continued the school for horticulture, fruit cultivation and pomology in Reutlingen founded by his father . The couple had three more children, the daughters Luise, Julie and Agnes.

In the spring of 1882 Eduard Lucas fell ill with peliosis rheumatica and in June he went to a cure at the Kainzenbad spa hotel near Partenkirchen , which he had to stop after five weeks due to the further deterioration in his health. He died on July 24, 1882 at the age of 66 in Reutlingen. His grave is in the Unter den Linden cemetery in Reutlingen.

Horticultural career

Main building of the Pomological Institute and home of the Lucas family
Pomological institute with tree nursery, orchard, arboretum and berry orchard
Apple varieties according to the Diel-Lucas pomological system
Pear varieties based on the pomological system of Eduard Lucas

On the mediation of Friedrich Haage he started a three-year apprenticeship with the court gardener Eduard Richter in the Luisium in Dessau in April 1831 . He was mainly concerned with the cultivation of flowers and vegetables and also looked after a greenhouse with exotic plants and a wine greenhouse, but learned little about fruit growing during his training. After completing his training, he initially took a job as a gardener's assistant at A. Bergemann commercial gardening company in Frankfurt (Oder) , but after only three months he moved to the Botanical Garden of the University of Greifswald . Here he worked until September 1835 under the gardener Johann Gottfried Langguth and the director Professor Dr. Christian Friedrich Hornschuch , who was a friend of his uncle. He took part in botanical lectures and excursions.

In September 1835 he returned to his hometown of Erfurt and worked as a gardening assistant in the commercial gardening company Friedrich Adolph Haage junior, which was one of the most important German gardening companies at the time. The nursery was particularly specialized in ornamental plants and had an extensive collection of cacti so that Lucas could gain experience with their culture here. In the autumn of 1836, Haage sent him to the Salzburg Alps to collect plants and seeds for a rock garden set up in the nursery. On the seven-week trip, he visited various nurseries, gardens and the botanical gardens in Erlangen , Regensburg and Munich . In Munich he got to know the board of directors of Martius' botanical garden . The report on the trip with a description of the gardens visited in the Berliner Allgemeine Gartenzeitung in 1837 is Lucas' first publication.

The head gardener of the Botanical Garden in Munich, Seitz, put Lucas in an assistant position, which he took up on April 1, 1838. He looked after the small garden , which included some glass houses, a cactus house and a plant for growing vegetables. Thanks to his careful cultivation methods, Lucas succeeded in restoring the caring cactus and palm crops entrusted to him to a good condition, which made the professors of botany Martius and Zuccarini aware of him. This enabled him to take part in botanical lectures and excursions at the University of Munich due to the trust he had gained . Lucas undertook horticultural culture experiments in which he added coal dust to the potting soil. He observed that the plants cultivated in this way were characterized by their particular vigor. He was able to publish the results in a pharmaceutical journal through the mediation of the chemist A. Buchner. Justus von Liebig became aware of this publication , who then included the text in his well-known work Organic Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture and Physiology .

In 1841 von Martius gave him a job as head of the botanical garden in Regensburg . Next to the botanical garden was the Regensburg orphanage, whose director Wendelin Geiger, a Catholic clergyman, imparted Lucas' first knowledge of fruit growing and pomology. In 1843 he was appointed as an institute gardener at the newly founded horticultural school of the agricultural teaching, experimental and model institute Hohenheim . In addition to maintaining the fruit tree nursery and the fruit crops in the botanical-economic garden and the seed magazine, his tasks also included teaching fruit tree cultivation, vegetable growing, ornamental plant cultivation and botany. While he was familiar with the topics of ornamental plant cultivation and botany through his training and previous professional experience, he had to familiarize himself intensively with this topic in preparation for the lectures and demonstrations in the field of fruit growing.

In 1859/60 he founded a private school for horticulture, fruit cultivation and pomology in Reutlingen . Lucas was managing director of the German Pomologists Association he founded and, together with Oberdieck, publisher of the monthly pomological books . He developed a rich literary activity in the field of fruit growing.

He improved and expanded the Dielsche system developed by Adrian Diel for categorizing and determining apple varieties, which is therefore also known as the Diel-Lucas system. He also developed a pomological system for pears and plums.

Honors and aftermath

Honors during your lifetime

In 1853, Lucas was awarded the title of Royal Garden Inspector by King Wilhelm von Württemberg and, in 1858, the Golden Civil Merit Medal of the Kingdom of Württemberg . In 1866 he was awarded the Great Silver Society Medal by the KK Landwirthschaftsgesellschaft in Vienna for his services to the fields of fruit growing and pomology .

On July 15, 1866, the University's Faculty of Natural Sciences awarded him an honorary doctorate on the occasion of his 50th birthday for his services in teaching plant breeding and promoting fruit cultivation. He was the first gardener to receive an honorary doctorate.

In addition, Lucas was awarded the master's certificate from the Frankfurt Hochstift for Science and General Art in the Goethe House .

Posthumous honors

On the first anniversary of Lucas 'death, Eugen Ulmer , Lucas' former publisher, called for a memorial to be erected on his grave and asked for donations in several specialist journals, including the Pomological Monthly and the Garten-Zeitung . The appeal was signed by numerous fruit growers, tree nurses and pomologists. The memorial was unveiled on April 6, 1885 with great sympathy and is still in the Reutlingen cemetery today.

At the former home of the Lucas family on Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse in Reutlingen there is a plaque in memory of Eduard Lucas and his son Friedrich Lucas. A memorial stone for Eduard Lucas stands in front of the building of the former Pomological Institute in what is now the Pomologie park.

In Reutlingen there is an Eduard-Lucas-Weg, which leads directly to the main building of the former Pomological Institute via stone stairs. In the run-up to the 1938 Reichsgartenschau Gruga-Park , the former Wolfgangstrasse in Essen was renamed Eduard-Lucas-Strasse in 1937 in honor of Eduard Lucas. A street in the Marbach district also bears his name in his hometown of Erfurt.

Types of fruit

Lucas Taubenapfel, illustration from the Pomological Monthly Notebooks, 1877

Various types of fruit were named in honor of Eduard Lucas, some of which were first described by him:

  • Lucas striped rose apple
  • Lucas Royal Plum
  • Lucas pigeon apple
  • Dr. Lucas' peach
  • Dr. Lucas pear
  • Lucas early grape
  • Lucas Borsdorfer

Eduard Lucas Medal

The Eduard Lucas Medal is named after Eduard Lucas, which was awarded by the Association for the Preservation and Promotion of Old Fruit Varieties - Rettet die Champagner Bratbirne e. V. ”is awarded to award winners who have made outstanding contributions to orchards and cultivar conservation in the spirit of Eduard Lucas. The medal was first awarded in 2007 on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of Eduard Lucas' death and has been awarded annually since then.

So far, the medal has been awarded to the following people:

  • 2007 Eckardt Fritz, Bavendorf
  • 2008 Beate Holderied, Weil im Schönbuch
  • 2009 Manfred Walz, Darmsheim / Sindelfingen
  • 2010 Franz Just, Reutlingen
  • 2011 Konrad Hauser, Singen-Beuren
  • 2012 Helmut Müller, Besigheim
  • 2013 Rudolf Thaler, Bissingen an der Teck

Works

As an author

  • The doctrine of fruit tree cultivation is based on simple laws . With three plates illustrations. Metzler , Stuttgart 1844
    from 2nd edition with the subtitle: A guide for lectures on fruit culture and for self-teaching / by Eduard Lucas and Friedrich Medicus (= Volume 3 in the Library for Agriculture and Horticulture)
    • 2nd, very verb. u. exp. Ed. 1862
    • 4th, presumably edition 1869 (gift of the German pomologists association)
    • 5th edition. 1873 with a changed main title: The doctrine of fruit growing traced back to simple laws
  • Popular instructions for rural horticulture as a means to increase prosperity and to beautify the country / on behalf of the Royal. Wuerttemberg Central Office processed for agriculture. Metzler, Stuttgart 1849
  • Report on the agricultural products exhibition in Canstatt in the late summer of 1850 / Repaid to the K. Württembergische Centralstelle für die Landwirtschaft by the commission appointed for the exhibition and written by Eduard Lucas. Müller, Stuttgart 1851
  • The community nursery. A common service instruction for community nursery school attendants / edited on behalf of the KW Centralstelle for agriculture. Köhler, Stuttgart 1852
    Later under the title: The district or district tree nursery
  • About the deficiencies and obstacles of fruit growing and about the means to remedy them with special consideration of the rougher regions of Württemberg / on behalf of the Royal. Central office for agriculture processed. Koehler, Stuttgart 1853
    • 2nd, presumably edition 1854
  • The pome fruit varieties from Württemberg. A systematic overview of the same, with a short description and with remarks about their different names, their distribution and about their uses / edited on behalf of the K. Centralstelle für die Landwirthschaft. Koehler, Stuttgart 1854
  • The use of fruit, a common set of instructions for the economic use of our more important types of fruit / on behalf of the Royal Central Agency for agriculture. Aue (Koehler), Stuttgart 1856
  • Contributions to raising fruit culture / von Oberdieck and Ed. Lucas. With the lithographed illustration of a pomological garden. Aue, Stuttgart 1857
  • The doctrine of tree pruning edited for the German gardens . With 6 lithographed plates and 91 woodcuts. Dorn, Ravensburg 1867
    • 7., reworked. u. probably edition / by Friedrich Lucas. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1899
  • The damage to our fruit trees from snow pressure, the necessary aids and possible preventive measures. Lecture given at the trade association in Reutlingen on November 17, 1868 , Ulmer, Ravensburg 1868
  • The cider or fruit wine. Brief compilation of the various types of preparation and advice for a rational presentation and treatment of the same , Ulmer, Ravensburg 1869
  • Complete handbook of fruit culture , Ulmer, Ravensburg [from 1871: Stuttgart]
    • [1. Ed.] 1869
      new edition under the title: Lucas' Instructions for Fruit Growing
    • 32nd edition 2002 / by Fritz Winter. Revised by an author collective. Edited by Hermann Link, ISBN 3-8001-5545-1
  • The most important types of finishing. Theoretically practical instructions for grafting our fruit trees . As an explanatory text for the “Blackboard of the types of refinement”. Ulmer, Ravensburg 1871
  • The education of the young fruit trees and the most important artificial tree forms . Explanatory text for the blackboard in question. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1875
  • Introduction to the study of pomology for aspiring pomologists, friends and supporters of fruit science and fruit growing , Ulmen, Stuttgart 1877 (= library for scientific garden culture; 2)
  • Out of my life. An autobiography , Metzger, Ravensburg 1882 (with portrait)
    Reprint Ulmer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4943-5

As editor

  • Journal of the German Pomologists Association ed. together with Johann Georg Conrad Oberdieck :
    • Monthly for pomology and practical fruit growing , 1855–1864
    • Illustrated monthly books for fruit and viticulture , 1865–1874
    • Pomological monthly books , 1875–1905
  • Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde / with the participation of several ed. by Friedrich Jahn, Eduard Lucas and Johann Georg Conrad Oberdieck. 8 volumes in several deliveries with supplementary volumes, Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart / [from volume 4:] Dorn, Ravensburg 1859–1883
    • Vol. 1 (1859), apples
    • Vol. 2 (1860), Pears
    • Vol. 3 (1861), stone fruit
    • Vol. 4 (1865), apples
    • Vol. 5 (1866), Pears
    • Vol. 6 (1870), stone fruit
    • Vol. 7 (1874)
    • Erg.-Bd. [1] (1868), additions and corrections to volumes I. and IV. Of the Illustr. Handbuch der Obstkunde, containing descriptions of apples / by Johann Georg Conrad
      2nd edition with the participation of several pomologists, edited by Eduard Lucas and Johann Georg Conrad Oberdieck . 8 volumes and supplement volumes, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1875 -
    • Vol. 1 (1875), Aepfel Nro. 1-262
    • Vol. 2 (1875), pear no. 1-263
    • Vol. 3 (1875), stone fruit. Cherries Nro. 1-109. Plums Nro. 1-117
    • Vol. 4, (1875), Aepfel Nro. 263-541
    • Vol. 5, (1875), pear no. 264-530
    • Vol. 6, (1875), stone fruit :
    • Vol. 7, (1875), Cherries Nro. 203-232. Plums Nro. 218-280. Soft fruit. Pear Nro. 531-625
    • Vol. 8, (1875), Aepfel Nro. 542-689. Pear Nro. 626-670. General register
    • Suppl.-Vol. (1879): Pear Nro. 671-762. / edit by JGC Oberdieck
    • Erg.-Bd. 1 (1883), Lauche's first supplementary volume to Lucas and Oberdieck's Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde / ed. on behalf of the German Pomologists Association. Arranged by Wilhelm Lauche. Parey, Berlin 1883
  • Images of Württemberg fruit trees / edited by Eduard Lucas on behalf of the Royal Württemberg Central Agency for Agriculture. Ebner & Seubert Stuttgart / [from T. 2:] Ulmer, Ravensburg 1858
  • [First Section] (1858): A collection of excellent apple and pear varieties, selected at the patriotic fruit and grape exhibition in Cannstatt in 1857 . With 50 color prints on twelve plates.
  • Second Division (1861): A collection of excellent stone fruit: cherries, plums, apricots and peaches . With 24 color prints, on six plates.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Eduard Lucas  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Pomological monthly books  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Carl Leisewitz: Lucas, Eduard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) . Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 342-344.
  2. ↑ Claus Priesner: Lucas, Eduard . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 15 (1987), p. 271 f. [Online version]; URL: http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117259802.html ; accessed on December 14, 2013
  3. ^ Wilhelm Seelig: Eduard Lucas . In: Pomologische Monatshefte , 1882, Heft 9, S. 264f
  4. ^ Advertisement on the death of Eduard Lucas. In: Pomologische Monatshefte , Heft 8, 1882, p. 224
  5. ↑ knerger.de: The grave of Eduard Lucas
  6. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Friedhof unter den Linden on the homepage of the city of Reutlingen, accessed on December 14, 2013@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.reutlingen.de
  7. ↑ Eduard Lucas: From my life. An autobiography. Metzger, Ravensburg 1882, p. 7.
  8. ^ Hermann Jäger: Dr. Eduard Lucas - Fifty Years of a Gardener's Life. In: German gardener newspaper . 1881, vol. 5, pp. 113-116 and 128-130.
  9. ^ Franz Friedrich Just: Eduard Lucas and the Pomological Institute in Reutlingen; Reprint from the Reutlinger Geschichtsbl Blätter 2003; Reutlingen 2007, p. 12.
  10. ↑ Steffen Raßloff: Spicy or prickly. The horticultural company Haage. Contribution to the series Mythos Blumenstadt . In: Thuringian General . April 21, 2007 ( online , accessed December 12, 2013).
  11. ↑ Eduard Lucas: Communications about a trip to the Salzburg Alps . In: Berliner Allgemeine Gartenzeitung , 1837, pp. 27ff.
  12. ^ Franz Friedrich Just: Eduard Lucas and the Pomological Institute in Reutlingen . Reprint from the Reutlinger Geschichtsbl Blätter 2003; Reutlingen 2007, p. 15
  13. ↑ Eduard Lucas: Experiments and observations on the effect of vegetable charcoal on vegetation . In: Repertorium für die Pharmacie , Volume 69, Nuremberg 1840, pp. 38ff
  14. ↑ Eduard Lucas: Experiments and observations on the effect of vegetable charcoal on vegetation . In: Justus von Liebig: Organic chemistry in its application to agriculture and physiology . Published by Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1840, pp. 184ff
  15. ↑ Eduard Lucas: From my life. An autobiography , Ravensburg 1882, p. 35
  16. ↑ apple tree. In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . Volume 1. Leipzig 1905, pp. 612-614. ( online )
  17. ^ Hermann Jäger: Dr. Eduard Lucas - Fifty Years of a Gardener's Life. In: German gardener newspaper . 1881, vol. 5, pp. 113-116 and 128-130.
  18. ^ Eduard Lucas: Personal News. In: Eduard Lucas and Johann GC Oberdieck: Illustrirte Monatshefte für Obst- und Weinbau , Verlag der Dorn'schen Buchhandlung, Ravensburg 1866, p. 128.
  19. ^ Eduard Lucas: Personal News. In: Eduard Lucas and Johann GC Oberdieck: Illustrirte monthly books for fruit and viticulture. Verlag der Dorn'schen Buchhandlung, Ravensburg 1866, p. 256.
  20. ^ Franz Friedrich Just: Eduard Lucas and the Pomological Institute in Reutlingen; Reprint from the Reutlinger Geschichtsbl Blätter 2003; Reutlingen 2007, p. 82.
  21. ↑ Eugen Ulmer: Call for the erection of a memorial for Dr. Ed. Lucas in Reutlingen . In: Pomologische Monatshefte , Heft 7, 1883, p. 225 f.
  22. ↑ Eugen Ulmer: Call for the erection of a memorial for Dr. Ed. Lucas in Reutlingen . In: Garten-Zeitung - Monthly magazine good gardeners and garden friends . Second year, published by Paul Parey, Berlin 1883, p. 459 f.
  23. ↑ Karl Reichelt: The unveiling of the memorial in memory of Dr. Ed. Lucas at the Reutlingen cemetery . In: Illustrated monthly books for the general interests of horticulture. 4th year, Verlag von Gustav Weise, Stuttgart 1885, p. 170 ff.
  24. ^ Franz Friedrich Just: Eduard Lucas and the Pomological Institute in Reutlingen . Reprint from the Reutlinger Geschichtsbl Blätter 2003; Reutlingen 2007, p. 144
  25. ↑ Georg Oberdieck: Lucas striped rose apple . In: Johann GC Oberdieck and E. Lucas: Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde , Volume 8, published by Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1875, p. 39 f.
  26. ↑ Eduard Lucas: Illustrations of Württemberg fruit species, Section II: A collection of excellent stone fruit: cherries, plums, apricots and peaches ; Published by Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1861, p. 27.
  27. ↑ Eduard Lucas: Lucas Taubenapfel . In: Eduard Lucas and Johann GC Oberdieck: Pomologische Monatshefte , Verlag von Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1877, p. 3.
  28. ^ Eduard Lucas: Dr. Lucas' peach . In: Johann GC Oberdieck and E. Lucas: Illustrirtes Handbuch der Obstkunde , Volume 6, published by Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1875, p. 469 f.
  29. ↑ Eduard Lucas: The pear Dr. Lucas . In: Eduard Lucas and Johann GC Oberdieck: Pomologische Monatshefte , Verlag von Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1877, p. 103.
  30. ↑ Eduard Lucas: The Lucas Frühtraube Glocker . In: Eduard Lucas and Johann GC Oberdieck: Illustrirte Monatshefte für Obst- und Weinbau , Verlag der Dorn'schen Buchhandlung, Ravensburg 1865, p. 17.
  31. ↑ Eduard Lucas: The Tyrolean Borsforfer (Maschanzker) . In: Eduard Lucas and Johann GC Oberdieck: Illustrirte Monatshefte für Obst- und Weinbau , Verlag der Dorn'schen Buchhandlung, Ravensburg 1866, p. 161.
  32. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from February 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  33. ↑ Information sheet from the University of Hohenheim, No. 2/2007, p. 4.
  34. ^ Bulletin Weil im Schönbusch, 48th year 2008; Number 20, page 4.
  35. ↑ KV-Journal of the Böblingen District Association of Fruit and Horticultural Associations, November 2009 edition, p. 1.
  36. ↑ Sonja Lenz: Lucas' legacy is alive . In: Reutlinger Generalsanzeiger , October 4, 2010.
  37. ↑ Report ( Memento from December 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the homepage of the Association for the Preservation and Promotion of Old Fruit Types - Rettet die Champagne Bratbirne eV; accessed on December 15, 2013
  38. ↑ http://pomologen-verein.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Landesgruppen/Lucas-Medaille_2012.pdf ; accessed on December 15, 2013
  39. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from December 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); accessed on December 15, 2013
personal data
SURNAME Lucas, Eduard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lucas, Karl Friedrich Eduard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pomologist
DATE OF BIRTH July 19, 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH Erfurt
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1882
Place of death Reutlingen