Górzno
| Górzno | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Brodnicki | ||
| Gmina : | Górzno | ||
| Area : | 3.48 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 12 ' N , 19 ° 39' E | ||
| Residents : | 1440 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 87-320 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 56 | ||
| License plate : | CBR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Bydgoszcz | ||
Górzno ( German Gorzno , formerly Gurzno , also Gurszno , 1942–45 Görzberg ) is a town in the powiat Brodnicki of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 4,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located in the former West Prussia on the western edge of the Landscape Park Górznieńsko-Lidzbarski Park Krajobrazowy on two lakes, about 70 kilometers east-northeast of the Toruń ( Toruń ) .
history
The first written mention of today's Gorzno comes from the year 1239 . In 1327 the place received city rights according to Kulmer law . End of the 13th century, the city came to the Teutonic Order . After the Peace of Kalisch in 1343 Górzno came back to Poland and from 1376 to 1391 was a fief of Duke Wladislaus II. Of Opole , who in turn pledged it to the Teutonic Order. In 1411 the city came back to Poland. In 1385 or 1375 the town charter was confirmed. In 1443 a fire raged in the city, which also destroyed the church.
After the Thirteen Years' War Gorzno belonged to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which had voluntarily submitted to the sovereignty of the Polish crown. In 1520, Sigismund I gave Gorzno the right to hold three annual markets and a weekly market every Thursday .
During the Swedish-Polish War 1600–1629 , the Battle of Gorzno took place on February 12, 1629 between a Swedish army under Hermann von Wrangel and a Polish army under Stanisław “Rewera” Potocki , in which the Swedes were victorious. The city was destroyed, the reconstruction lasted until 1640, when the church was rebuilt. During the Great Northern War 1700–1721 , Gorzno was occupied alternately by Swedish, Saxon, Russian and Polish troops. The citizens of the city had to make contributions to the respective occupiers, and the soldiers caused destruction in the city. The destroyed Church of St. Anne was rebuilt in 1712, but destroyed again in a major fire in 1728.
During the first division of Poland in 1772, the city became part of Prussia again. Large parts of the city burned down on July 20, 1773. Due to the severe destruction, the place lost its town charter. When the Duchy of Warsaw was formed in 1807 during the French period , Gorzno came to this: when the Duchy was dissolved, the place returned to Prussia.
In 1833 Gorzno was granted town charter again. A synagogue was opened in 1849 . The city's Catholic school had a total of 200 students in 1867. In 1875 the Gorzno City School was opened. In 1889 a new school building was built, in which teaching was to take place until 1995. At the beginning of the 20th century Gorzno had a Protestant church and a Catholic church and was located near the Polish border.
Until 1920 Gorzno belonged to the Strasburg district in West Prussia in the Marienwerder administrative district of the West Prussia province of the German Empire .
During the First World War , the city was captured by the Russian army on August 24, 1914. During the entire war, the city was always close to the German-Russian front. After the end of the war, Gorzno had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty in 1920 for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor on West Prussian territory .
After the German invasion of Poland , the city of Gorzno was annexed by the German Reich on September 9, 1939 and until 1945 belonged to the Strasburg district in West Prussia in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the district was occupied on January 21, 1945 by Red Army soldiers of the 65th Army of the Belarusian Front .
Population development
- until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 629 | |
| 1802 | 817 | |
| 1816 | 937 | thereof 33 Evangelicals, 882 Catholics and 22 Jews |
| 1821 | 1,144 | |
| 1831 | 976 | mostly Poland |
| 1864 | 1,533 | including 464 Evangelicals and 1,069 Catholics |
| 1885 | 1,799 | |
| 1900 | 1,653 | mostly Catholics |
| 1910 | 1,654 | thereof 1,486 Poles and 23 Jews. |
| 1921 | 1,664 | of which 1,647 Poles. |
- since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1945 | 1,697 | on December 6th |
| 2006 | 1,358 | On the 31st of December |
local community
The town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Górzno includes the town and eight villages with school boards.
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, p. 47, item 8).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835 ( p. 437, no. 45. )
- Fritz Braun: Regional studies of the province of West Prussia . Göschen Collection, Leipzig 1912, p. 100
Web links
- City website
- City of Görzberg (Rolf Jehke, 2005)
- Information about history and photographs (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ gorzno.republika.pl .
- ↑ gorzno.republika.pl .
- ↑ Friedrich Rudolf von Rothenburg : Battles, sieges and skirmishes in Germany and the neighboring countries, from 1618 to 1629 . 3rd edition, Vienna 1835, p. 165.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 145.
- ↑ a b c Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 290–291, item 236.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835 ( p. 437, no. 45.)
- ^ E. Jacobson: Topographisch-Statistisches Handbuch for the administrative district Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 180-181, no. 113 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. dan_strasburg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ gorzno.republika.pl .
- ↑ http://gorzno.republika.pl/miewoj.html#4 gorzno.republika.pl
- ↑ gorzno.republika.pl .