Kowalewo Pomorskie
| Kowalewo Pomorskie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Golubsko-Dobrzyński | ||
| Gmina : | Kowalewo Pomorskie | ||
| Area : | 4.45 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 9 ' N , 18 ° 54' E | ||
| Residents : | 4220 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 87-410 | ||
| License plate : | CGD | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK15 Toruń - Brodnica | ||
| DW554 Orzechowo– Golub-Dobrzyń | |||
| Rail route : | Toruń – Olsztyn | ||
| Next international airport : | Bydgoszcz | ||
Kowalewo Pomorskie ( German Schönsee ) is a city in the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the urban and rural community of the same name with around 11,500 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located in the former West Prussia , south of the cities of Malbork ( Marienburg ) and Kwidzyn ( Marienwerder ), about 25 kilometers northeast of Toruń ( Thorn ).
history
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On August 5, 1222, Konrad , Duke of Mazovia and Kujawia , certified that he gave the first bishop of Prussia, Christian , a part of the Kulm region for permission, which he granted the crusaders destined for Prussia to rebuild the Culmen ( Kulm ) castle awarded, including the former Grudenz Castle and the village of Kowalewo , all in the east of the Kulmer Land. Since 1231 the place belonged to the Teutonic Order state . In 1269 there was already an order castle . When exactly the place received city rights is not certain, 1275 Schönsee had city rights. In 1278 Schönsee became the seat of a commander . The city was attacked several times during this time, but was always able to defend itself successfully. So tried 1273 the Pruzzen , 1330 Władysław I. Ellenlang and 1422 Władysław II Jagiełło to take the place. The Schönsee Order Castle was one of the most important castles of the Teutonic Order in the Kulmer Land.
In 1466, after the Second Peace of Thorn , the city came under the sovereignty of the Crown of Poland-Lithuania as part of the autonomous Royal Prussia . In the 15th century there were around 120 residential buildings in Schönsee. The place had only 34 houses after the Northern Wars .
With the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772, Schönsee was annexed by Prussia under Friedrich II . Taking advantage of the weakness of the Prussian army after the battle of Jena and Auerstedt during the French period , Polish troops occupied the city on December 5, 1806, which was then annexed to the Duchy of Warsaw from 1807 to 1815 .
In 1815 Schönsee returned to Prussia through the Congress of Vienna until 1920 . In 1833 Schönsee lost its town charter and received it again in 1873 (according to other sources not until 1929). In 1871 it was connected to the rail network, and on November 1, 1900, it was connected to the telephone network. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1883. In 1907, following the example of the Wreschen school strike, there was a strike in the Catholic school by students who had been urged by their parents not to take part in German religious instruction. The Prussian administration ended the strike with severe sanctions.
Until 1920 Schönsee belonged to the circle Briesen in marienwerder the Prussian province of West Prussia in the German Empire .
Fragment of a medieval city wall
Ruins of the order castle
After the First World War , Schönsee came to the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship in 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty establishing the Polish Corridor . Schönsee was renamed Kowalewo Pomorskie . In the school year 1934/35 around 600 pupils went to school in the city. Due to the invasion of Poland , the city was annexed by the German Reich in violation of international law on September 7, 1939 and was now incorporated into the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which Schönsee belonged until 1945.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region on January 23, 1945 . Had not fled far as German residents, they were in the period that followed sold .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1831 | 588 | mostly Poland |
| 1864 | 1,119 | including 309 Evangelicals and 630 Catholics |
| 1885 | 1,643 |
The following is a graphic representation of the population development.
politics
coat of arms
The current coat of arms goes back to the coat of arms of the commander in the 14th century. It shows a fish and above it two stars and a moon. The stars are believed to be religious symbols.
Attractions
- Parish church, built between 1286 and 1300
- Remainder of the castle complex from the 13th century
Economy and Infrastructure
On December 31, 2007, 593 people were registered as unemployed in the city of Kowalewo Pomorskie. This was a decrease of 458 compared to 2005.
traffic
The Kowalewo Pomorskie station is located at the intersection of the Toruń – Olsztyn line with the Brodnica – Bydgoszcz line, which has been closed here .
National road 15 ( droga krajowa 15 ) leads through Kowalewo Pomorskie . In the south it leads after about 25 kilometers to Toruń , in the north-east after 35 kilometers through Brodnica . The Voivodship Road 554 ( droga wojewódzka nr 554 ) runs through the city from east to west . This joins Voivodship Road 551 after about eight kilometers near the village Orzechowo. In the east, after ten kilometers, 554 leads through Golub-Dobrzyń .
The nearest international airport is Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport Bydgoszcz , which is about 60 kilometers southwest of Kowalewo Pomorskie.
Gmina Kowalewo Pomorskie
The city itself and other localities with a total of 11,500 inhabitants belong to the urban and rural community .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Anton von Kalkstein (1839–1918), manor owner, politician, member of the Reichstag
- Ludolf Müller (1917–2009), Slavist and literary scholar
- Wilhelm von Osten (1838–1909), owner of the horse Kluger Hans
- Udo Kern (* 1942), Lutheran theologian
- Janusz Zemke (* 1949), Polish politician
Personalities associated with the city
- Ludwig von Erlichshausen (1410–1467), Komtur in Schönsee / Kowalewo Pomorskie from 1442 to 1447
- Ludolf Hermann Müller (1882–1959), pastor in Schönsee from 1917 to 1920, later bishop of the Evangelical Church in the ecclesiastical province of Saxony
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, p. 44, no.3.)
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 438, No. 48.
Web links
- Community website (Polish)
- Description of the castle (Polish, Czech)
Footnotes
- ↑ Max Perlbach : Prussian Regesta until the end of the 13th century . In: Old Prussian monthly . Volume 11, Königsberg i. Pr. 1874, pp. 1-32, especially pp. 18-20.
- ↑ Max Toeppen : Historisch-comparative geography of Prussia . Gotha 1858, p. 9 .
- ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Volume 3: The time from peace in 1249 to the subjugation of Prussians in 1283 . Königsberg 1828, p. 297.
- ↑ Johannes Voigt : Name-Codex of the German order officials, grand master, land master, large area, commander, bailiffs, nurses, grand master company, crusader and mercenary captains in Prussia , Königsberg 1843, pp. 52-53.
- ↑ JS Verlag and JG Gruber (ed.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts in alphabetical order . Volume 20, Leipzig 1829, p. 330, right column.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 438, No. 48.
- ^ E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 182-183, no. 120 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. dan_briesen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
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↑ For the 15th century, 1772, 1920, 1930, 1939: City website, Rys historyczny miasta Kowalewa Pomomorskiego , March 23, 2007 ( Webcite ( memento of December 26, 2008 on WebCite ))
For June 20, 2008: Główny Urząd Statystyczny, “LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM”, as of June 30, 2008 - ↑ HERALDRY OF THE WORLD, Herbarz Miast Polskich - Kowalewo Pomorskie , accessed on December 26, 2008
- ↑ Powiatowy Urząd Pracy w Golubiu – Dobrzyniu, Informacjana na temat bezrobocia , Jan. 24, 2008 (PDF; 111 kB) ( Webcite ( Memento from December 26, 2008 on WebCite ))
- ↑ Powiatowy Urząd Pracy w Golubiu – Dobrzyniu, Bezrobocie - statystyka za IV kwartał 2005 roku , Jan. 17, 2006 (PDF; 72 kB) ( Webcite ( Memento from December 26, 2008 on WebCite ))