Klinski (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von Rautenberg-Klinski 1357

Klinski , also Klinski von Rautenberg or von Rautenberg-Klinski, is the name of an old Pomeranian noble family .

There was also another noble family called Klinski with the Swiat coat of arms.

Contrary to a different source, there was no noble Klinski family with the Newlin coat of arms. The error apparently arose through evaluations of the list of homages from 1772 by the author Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga . When act of homage on the Marienburg a gentleman sealed v. Lukowitz-Newlin with its own coat of arms Newlin on behalf of Franz von Klinski (coat of arms Junosza), ensign von Braclaw on the manor Niezorowo near Tuchel, who could not appear personally to pay homage.

Rautenberg-Klinski (Junosza coat of arms)

history

origin

Rautenberg (Hildesheim)

The gentlemen von Rautenberg-Klinski borrowed their name from their headquarters in Klinsch in the Berent district in West Prussia , which was first mentioned in 1295 with a privilege as a noble estate. However, they did not come from the Kashubian indigenous population , but came to the country as colonizers from the Holy Roman Empire (so-called "land residents"). The descent of the von Rautenberg-Klinski family from the von Rautenberg family (Hildesheim) is assumed (for more on the connection between the sexes, see under Rautenberg (noble family) ). The Lords of Klinski belonged to the nobility of the Teutonic Order in the Teutonic Order State and in the late Middle Ages to the nobility in Prussia royal share . With the partitions of Poland , the von Klinski lords were accepted into the Prussian nobility. After the abolition of aristocratic privileges with the entry into force of the Weimar Imperial Constitution at the beginning of the Weimar Republic in 1919, they were members of the German Nobility Cooperative . On October 26, 2002, the German Aristocracy Archive in Marburg renewed the recognition of membership of the German aristocracy for the legitimate descendants of Viktor von Kllinski in the male line.

National orientation

The national and religious orientation of the von Rautenberg-Klinski family is closely linked to the political and religious upheavals of the time and region.

In the Prussian Confederation , members of the von Klinski family also demanded more rights from the government of the religious state after the Battle of Tannenberg , which resulted in the Thirteen Years War . Steffen and Jocob von Clinsch (at Groß Clinsch ) were members of the Prussian Federation until 1452/53 . As a result, the western part of the federation was able to withdraw from the rule of the order and joined as a " Prussian royal share " in a union with the Kingdom of Poland.

Despite this political rapprochement with Poland, the ius indigenatus (so-called "right of the natives") at the same time moved away from unity with Poland and defended its own independence. The ius indigenatus remains a leitmotif of estate politics until the end of the 17th century . A good example of this is the struggle of Christoph von Klinski for his position as abbot in the Pelplin Monastery . Even after the partitions of Poland, reference was made to the ius indigenatus when filling offices (e.g. in the Pelplin Monastery) and even if often unsuccessfully, the Pomeranian - West Prussian estates had their right to self-government .

After the partitions of Poland, part of the family turned back to the original German culture, while another part remained Polish-oriented. So married z. B. Vincentina Malvina von Klinski (1847-1913), daughter of Michael von Rautenberg-Klinski , the Polish nationalist historian Adalbert von Winkler, who became known under the name Wojciech Kętrzyński , which was later re-Polonized .

Religious orientation

Even the religious upheavals of the time did not leave the von Klinski family unaffected. The Reformation was not only popular in the eastern part of the Order , which introduced the Reformation in 1525 and transformed the Order into the secular Duchy of Prussia . Even in the Prussian Royal (Polish) part , most of the cities carried out the Reformation. The Warmia again remained Catholic, and from here seemed Stanislaus Hosius as the main initiator of the Counter-Reformation in Poland. Accordingly, those members of the von Rautenberg-Klinski family who had married into the Danzig patriciate also tended towards the Lutheran faith . Other family members, on the other hand, held fast to the Catholic creed and found themselves in Catholic church offices (e.g. Christoph von Klinski ).

And so it seems bizarre then as it is today that Georg von Klinski (1560–1631), who belongs to the Lutheran faith, advocates the appointment of his Catholic cousin Christoph von Klinski as abbot at the Pelplin monastery . The fact that Georg von Klinski is of the Lutheran faith and thus a " heretic " is interpreted against him.

In the course of the Counter-Reformation and to preserve their career opportunities in the increasingly Polish-dominated Pomeranian, the members of the family were again Catholic until the partitions of Poland.

With the partitions of Poland, one branch of the von Rautenberg-Klinski family is again of the Lutheran faith, while another part of the family remains adherent to the Catholic faith.

Distribution and goods

The family originally comes from Rautenberg , municipality of Harsum , north of Hildesheim as vassals of the Counts of Stolberg. Main distribution area of the family of Rautenberg-Klinski in West Prussia were Kreis Berent , Kreis Tczew , Kreis Konitz and county Starogard .

Between 1415 and 1430, the Teutonic Order issued a new service item in the Graudenz area near Hoch Stüblau (Polish: Zblewno) on the remains of an older settlement, to which the founder named Rautenberg. In 1484 a Joannes von Rathembergk was documented on Rautenberg. In 1526, Leonardus Klynski (married to Emerencia von der Damerau-Wojanowski ) received a renewed ownership privilege for the Radzieiow estate, which was later also referred to with the addition of "alias Rautenbergk". This document, too (as in the case of Garczyn), was intended to replace an older ownership privilege for von Rautenberg-Klinski, which originated from the time of the order. In 1695 Rautenberg was still owned by Anna Cäcilia v. Klinski.

The oldest proven property ownership in West Prussia existed at the manors Groß-Klinsch and Klein-Klinsch Krs. Berent from 1357 to 1567, after which members of the von Rautenberg family named themselves in West Prussia. In 1570 Groß Klinsch comprised 26 hooves . There was also a mill and a gardener. The estate then went to the v. Family . Stojentin-Waglikowski , whose family estate Waglikowice (German: Funkelkau) is in the Berent district.

During the time of the Teutonic Order, the Garczyn manor was owned by the von Klinski family: In 1526 Laurentius, Martinus Mathäus and Franciscus v. Klinski for her manor Garczyn instead of the property privilege from the time of the order, which was still drafted in German, a new property privilege in Latin. Since the middle of the 15th century, the owners of Garczyn alternated between the names Garczynski (1481) and Klinski (Laurentius Klinski in 1522). In the middle of the 16th century the family split into the branches of Rautenberg-Klinski and v. Rautenberg-Garczynski . In the tax lists from 1570, Messrs. Johannes and Franciscus Garczynski were finally listed as the owners of Garczyn.

Joannes von Rautenberg-Klinski (1460–1522) acquired the Simkau manor around 1484 (Sueinekowe (1310), Czemke, Szimkowo) "for 28 small marks" from a "commoner", documented in the Graudenz jury. His son Leonardus von Rautenberg-Klinski (1500–1558) was married to an Emerencia from the von der Damerau-Woyanowski family, who came to Simkau in 1616. In 1669, “the noble Sophia Anna de Wojanowski” was given as the owner of Simkau.

Through the connection of Georg von Rautenberg-Klinski (1530-1570) with Anna von Nostitz-Jackowski , daughter of Michael von Nostitz-Jackowski, inheritance shares went to Niedamowo Krs. Berent as well as to the manor Klein Bölkau (Bielkowko) Krs. Danziger Höhe Von Rautenberg-Klinski family over. Their son Georg Klinski von Rautenberg (1560–1631) then acquired the remaining shares in both goods from Achatius von Nostitz-Jackowski. Klein Böhlkau passed into the possession of the Dominican monastery in Danzig in 1685 and after the expropriation of the Catholic Church after the partition of Poland in 1772 it became the property of the Prussian crown. Niedamowo remained in the family until 1788, when it covered an area of ​​252 hectares.

The manor Niezurawa (Neserow, Nyscheraw, Iserau) originally belonged to the Niezurawski family as an inherited estate (hand-held festivals from 1425 for Peter Nyscheraw). From 1648 Niezurawa was owned by the von Tokarski family . From the starost of Tuchel, Wojciech Radziwiłł (c. 1600–1656), Wojciek von Tokarski received as security for a loan of 300 zl. the estates of Klodnia and Siennica (Sicinni). With the death of Wojciek von Tokarski , the goods passed in 1701 to Ewa von Zawatzki (daughter of Samuel von Zawatzki and Catharina von Tokarski ), the wife of Franciscus Stanislaus von Rautenberg-Klinski (approx. 1670–1745, district judge in Dirschau ). Klodnia was owned by the von Rautenberg-Klinski family until 1945.

Through the connection of Ignatius v. Rautenberg-Klinski with Marianna Magdalena v. Hirtenberg-Pastorius (daughter of Antonius Josephus v. Hirtenberg-Pastorius and Johanna v. Lebinski), Klein Kelpin and Smengorczin in the Danziger Höhe district came to the v. Family in 1794. Rautenberg-Klinski. The estate was donated to the Paulina v. Klinski with Joseph v. Lewald-Jezierski to the family v. Lewald-Jezierski .

The manor Bonschek Krs. Berent (Polish: Bączek) was founded in 1815 by Ignaz von Rautenberg-Klinski (1760–1818) from the children of Johann Georg v. Johann, who died in 1813 . Lewinski acquired. After Bonschek's death in 1818, Bonschek went to his sons Michael, Ignaz and, in the end, exclusively to his first-born Valentinus v. Rautenberg-Klinski over. In 1850 Bonschek was still owned by Valientin's widow, Cäcilia v. Rautenberg-Klinski, born v. Wolski (daughter of Alexander Lucas v. Wolski and Barbara v. Lewinski ).

Until 1650 Fabian von Klinski (son of Leonhard von Klinski and Christina von Giese , daughter of Michael von Giese and Ursula von Heidenstein , sister of Reinhold Heidenstein ) was the owner of Thymau near Riesenburg in Warmia.

Another possession goods, among others in the following Ritter goods detected. Borschestowo Krs Dirschau, Gawronitz Krs Konitz, Kawentschin Krs Konitz and small-Podleß Krs Pr Stargard..... Furthermore, the goods Klukowahuta Krs. Karthaus, Stecklin Krs. Preußisch Stargard.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

In red a striding or ascending, golden horned silver ram with a raised inner forefoot. Crest : a golden crowned helmet with a neck jewel and a red-silver cover, set with five ostrich feathers red-silver-red-silver-red.

variants

A Joannes von Klinski carried the family coat of arms around 1600 with only three ostrich feathers in red-white-red, depicted on the memorial stone under the lectern in the choir hall in the church of the former Dominican monastery in Gdansk (now St. Nicholas' Church ).

Around 1600 Christoph von Klinski had a more clearly changed coat of arms: In the shield he wears a ram, shaved on the lower body and legs, and blood stains on the sides. As a crest, it has a sheep's torso, shaved in the lower area.

Around 1800 Adalbert von Rautenberg-Klinski (1758–1831) carried the coat of arms below, a classic example of church heraldry from the beginning of the heraldic decay.

  • Coat of arms of Christoph von Klinski (Dachnowski, 1631)

  • Seal of Adalbert von Rautenberg-Klinski (1759–1831)

  • Coat of arms variant by Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt

  • Coat of arms of the von Klinski family ( Rietstap , 1903)

Personalities

  • Leonardus von Klinski (1500–1558), heir to the Rautenberg district of Preußisch Stargard, member of the Prussian estates
  • Christoph von Klinski (1526–1598), governor of the King of Poland on the Starosteien Roggenhausen Kr. Graudenz, Bransk and Suraz (Greater Poland)
  • Georg Vladislav von Klinski genandt Rautemberg (1560–1631), member of the Prussian estates , since 1590 royal tax collector for Pomeranian
  • Christoph von Klinski (around 1590), abbot in the Pelplin monastery
  • Stanislaus Franciscus von Klinski (1600–1682), district judge in Mirchau, king elector in 1632 when Władysław IV Wasa was elected King of Poland
  • Johann von Klinski (1610–1695), member of the Prussian country messenger room
  • Michael Klinski von Rautenberg (1625–1653), member of the Prussian estates , king elector
  • Casimir Johannes von Klinski (1655–1710), treasurer in Livonia
  • Georgius Vladislaw von Klinski (approx. 1660–1690), royal secretary
  • Johannes von Klinski (1670–1750), deputy for the Pomeranian Voivodeship at the Diet in Warsaw in 1730
  • Augustinus Thaddeus von Klinski (1701–1751), doctor of both rights, canon in Livonia, archdeacon of the Pomeranian cathedral chapter
  • Stanislaus von Klinski (around 1705 – after 1757), archdeacon of the Pomeranian cathedral chapter
  • Adalbert von Rautenberg-Klinski (1759–1831), Canon in the Diocese of Warmia , Canon zu Culm , prosynodal judge (3rd instance) for Pomeranians
  • Michael von Rautenberg-Klinski (1808–1884), lawyer, deputy for Danzig in the Prussian House of Representatives , 1858–1884 mayor of Berent
  • Vincentina Malvina von Klinski (1847–1913), daughter of Michael von Rautenberg-Klinski , wife of Adalbert von Winkler ( Wojciech v. Kętrzyński )
  • Wlodzimierz Jan Ignacy von Klinski (1887–1940), Rittmeister, murdered in 1940 by the Red Army near Katyn
  • Marianna von Klinski-Wetzel (born 1937), regional historian

More name bearers

Coat of arms of the von Klinski-Wetzel family

The family expires in its German, Protestant branch in the male line before the middle of the 21st century. Therefore, the family continues in several branches in the female trunk. So are z. B. all descendants of Marianna v. Klinski-Wetzel, born v. Klinski, and Prof. Dr. Peter Wetzel in male and female line, who bear the name of Klinski-Wetzel, is entitled to wear the adjacent talking coat of arms: split shield, a silver ram in front, a red whetstone in silver. Crest: trunk of a rising ram, a red whetstone between the front legs, motto: semper vigilans (always vigilant).

Klinski (Swiat coat of arms)

Coat of arms of the Klinski family, nobilis (Swiat family coat of arms)

There was another noble family called Klinski, but with the Swiat coat of arms. Members of this family were also accepted into the Russian nobility. They did not have the addition of "von", which is common in German-speaking countries, but were identified as members of the Polish or Russian nobility with the addition of "nobilis" or "nobilis et generosus".

distribution

A knight Daniel Klinski is mentioned in the Kiev Voivodeship and at times in Finland and Sweden. Furthermore, the following persons of this family are documented: Barbara Klinska, wife of Jan Aksak, district judge in Kiev in 1610; Dorota Klinska, wife of Wojciech Jezewski, Truchseß in Wittkomierz in Lithuania in 1720; Peter Klinski is a member of the Lithuanian nobility in 1763; Johann Klinski belongs to the Lithuanian nobility in 1763 and is also mentioned as the country regent in Lithuania in 1770.

coat of arms

The Polish coat of arms Swiat (globe) shows a cross standing on a globe.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Marianna von Klinski-Wetzel: Stammliste der Familie v. Klinski, v. Rautenberg-Klinski , in: Old Prussian gender studies. Family archive Zv. 21: 121-171 (1999)
  2. ↑ Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga : The Polish Aristocracy and the Aristocratic Families from Other Countries who joined them , 2 volumes, Hamburg 1900
  3. ^ Genealogy Klinski
  4. ↑ Gottfried Lengnich : History of the Prussian Lands , Vol. IV, pp. 56 , 107 , 109
  5. ^ Gustav Kratz , Johann Ludwig Quandt , George Adalbert von Mülverstedt , Wilhelm Stettin: History of the sex v. Kleist , Part 2, General History, 2nd Edition Bergisch Gladbach 2007 , pp. 92, 201
  6. ^ Genealogy Klinski
  7. ↑ Max Toeppen (Ed.): The Ständetage Prussia under the rule of the Teutonic Order , Leipzig 1878, Reprint Aalen 1974, Vol. III, p. 477/654
  8. ↑ Gottfried Lengnich , Vol. IV, p. 191
  9. ↑ Lotar Weber, Preussen 500 Jahre vor, Danzig 1878, p. 411/412; Karl Kasiske, The German Siedelwerk des Mittelalter in Pommerellen, individual publication of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research, Königsberg 1938, p. 121
  10. ^ Genealogy Klinski on March 30, 2015
  11. ↑ Theodor Wierzbowski (ed.), Matricularum Regni Poloniae summaria, Vol. I – IV, Varsoviae (Warsaw) 1905–1919, Volume 4, No. 4985
  12. ↑ Waldemar Bendomir, Berent district / West Prussia: In old and new pictures, self-published Langen 1981, p. 148.
  13. ↑ Xaver Froelich, The oldest Schöppenbuch of the Graudenzer Archive, in: Royal German Society of Königsberg and Association for the History of East and West Prussia (ed.), Old Prussian Monthly Papers, Vol. VIII, Königsberg 1871, p. 436
  14. ^ Hans Maercker, History of the Schwetzer Kreis, Journal of the West Prussian History Association, Issue XVII, Danzig 1888. P. 48
  15. ↑ Iwan Baron von der Damerau-Dambrowski, were the “v. Dombrowski ”of Kashubia“ v. Mondri "or were the" v. Mondri ”of Kashubia“ Dombrowski ”?, A heraldic-genealogical sketch on the history of the Kashubian nobility, part 2, in: DR. F. Lorentz and I. Gulgowski (eds.), Mitteilungen des Verein für Kaschubische Volkskunde, Heft 2, Leipzig 1908, p. 46 f.
  16. ^ Niedamowo in Google Maps
  17. ↑ Handwritten contribution file of February 9, 1773 in the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage in Berlin, No. II HA Dept. West Prussia, Title XCIII, No. 14, Vol. 1
  18. ^ Max Perlbach, The Book of the Dead of the Premonstratensian Convent near Danzig. in: Sources and presentations on the history of West Prussia, No. 5, Danzig 1906, p. 151.
  19. ↑ Jan Karnowski, Klinski na dobrach niezurawskich, in: Mestwin, Dodatek naukowo-literacki “Slowa Pomorsieko” III, 1927, No. 3, p. 21 f. ; Genealogy Klinski
  20. ↑ Noble property in West Prussia 1700–1800 [1]
  21. ^ LT Baranowski: Polska XVI. Wieku vol. XII "Prusy Krolewskie" [Poland in the 16th century, Royal Prussia], Warszawa 1911, p. 125; Leopold von Ledebur : Nobility Lexicon of the Prussian Monarchy . Berlin 1855, Volume 1: A – K, Berlin 1855, "Klinski, von Rautenberg-Klinski"
  22. ↑ J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms: The Adel of the Kingdom of Prussia , Volume 3, p. 318 ; See also in the Lower Saxony coat of arms roll of the Heraldic Association Zum Kleeblatt under no. 97-1679
  23. ↑ on the shield image see Johannes Baptista Rietstap , Victor Rolland: Planches de l'Armorial Général . III. Paris 1903, "Klinski"; Genealogy Klinski ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; on the ascending sheep's torso as a crest, see also Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy. Berlin 1855, Volume 1: A – K, Berlin 1855, "Klinski, von Rautenberg-Klinski" @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.familie-von-klinski.de
  24. ^ Genealogy Klinski
  25. ↑ R. Frydrychowicz: History of the Cistercian Abbey Pelplin and its architectural and art monuments , Düsseldorf 1905, p. 94 ff. Gottfried Lengnich : History of the Prussian Lands Royal / Polish Antheils since 1526 , Vol. IV, p. 56, 121, 107, 109, 117, 148
  26. ↑ Georgius Valentinus Schwengel: Ad historiam ecclesiasticam Pomeraniae: apparatus pauper subsidia literaria poscens a viris bonis et doctis , Karthaus 1749, in: S. Buszczyński (ed.), Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu - Fontes XVI, Thorun 1912, p. 85
  27. ^ Prussian Provincial Papers, Volume 1, Königsberg 1829, p. 164
  28. ↑ Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for 1800 , Berlin 1800, p. 276
  29. ↑ Bernd Hauptfelder: Biographical Handbook for the Prussian House of Representatives 1849 - 1867 , Düsseldorf 1994
  30. ↑ http://www.electronicmuseum.ca/Poland-WW2/katyn_memorial_wall/kmw_K.html on August 26, 2014
  31. ^ Family tree of those von Klinski
  32. ↑ on the right to determine who is authorized to conduct a coat of arms see under coat of arms law
  33. ↑ see on this in the German coat of arms of the HEROLD association for heraldry, genealogy and related sciences eV, Berlin, under no. 11717/15
  34. ^ Simao Okolski: Orbs Polonus [The Polish Shield], Cracoviae (Krakau) 1641, Volume 1, p. 400, Klinski herbu Swiat
  35. ^ Seweryn Uruski : Rodzina Herbarz Szlachry Polskiej [family coat of arms of the Polish nobility] vol. I -XI, Warszawa 1904, reprint Poznań 1996, vol. VI, p. 392
  36. ^ Johannes Baptista Rietstap , Victor Rolland: Planches de l'Armorial Général. III. Paris 1903, "Klinski"