Lehwaldt (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Lehwaldt

Lehwaldt , also Lehwald or earlier Lawalde , is the name of an old, originally Niederlausitz noble family . The family, some of which still exist today, later acquired property and reputation , especially in Brandenburg and Prussia .

history

origin

The family, which belongs to the oldest families in Niederlausitz, was first mentioned in a document in 1290 in Bautzen with Frisco von Lewenwalde as a witness. On April 19, 1306 he appears again as Friedericus de Lewenwald in a certificate issued in Bautzen. In the same year he entered into an exchange with the cathedral monastery in Bautzen . Friedrich left his income from the village of Stiebitz to the Bautzener Stift and those of Lehwaldt received the income from the village of Malschwitz, which was part of the monastery . In 1334 he and the widow of Luther von Schreibersdorf, probably a sister of Friedrich von Lehwaldt, gave their consent that six guilders interest from a court in Bautzen would be given to the Franciscans in the city.

Lawalde , the ancestral home of the family, is now a municipality in the Görlitz district in Saxony . The village with its manor was first mentioned in a document in 1290 in connection with Frisco de Lewenwalde.

Spread and personalities

In their home of Lower Lusatia, the family died out early on. With Ferdinand von Lawalde, a line came to Prussia in the 15th century that still exists today. Ferdinand married Dorothea von Zehmen and left a son. Christoph von Lehwaldt, the couple's son, appears from 1527. He became governor of Liebemühl in the Duchy of Prussia . In 1518 the von Lehwaldt zu Eichholz family sat near Luckau , Herzberg and Kleinrietz .

Johann (Hans) von Lehwaldt (1685–1768), portrait of a youth
Johann von Lehwaldt (1685–1768), age portrait
Wenzeslaus Christoph von Lehwaldt (1717–1793)

Christoph's grandson Georg († before 1675) became fish master at Arys and his great grandson Fabian (* 1597) died on December 20, 1667 as a lieutenant colonel . The Ublick estate (now part of Orzysz (Arys) ) had been owned by the family since 1555 and was sold in 1747. Fabian von Lehwaldt auf Ublick was married twice, first with Helena Dorothea von Auer († 1662) and in second marriage from 1663 with Anna Dorothea von Hohendorf († 1670). His son Georg von Lehwaldt (1663-1719) on Ublick and Kalischken from his second marriage served as captain of the Grands Mousquetaires in the royal Prussian army .

In 1680 the oldest medal in the city of Elbing was minted on behalf of Mayor Lehwald . On the back it shows the family coat of arms of the Lehwaldt lusatian noble family. Martin Lehwald, a tailor from Marienburg , came to Elbing, pretended to be one of the von Lehwaldt family and became mayor of Elbing. There was a legal dispute with the von Lehwaldt family because of the unjustified use of coat of arms and names. Lehwald promised the noble family to use them as heirs after his death and the dispute was initially over. However, the promise was not kept and the Lehwaldts came to Elbing and devastated the tomb of Mayor Lehwald in the Marienkirche.

A distant relative of Georg was Johann von Lehwaldt (* 1685), one of the most important representatives of the family. As early as 1702 he took part in the War of the Spanish Succession . In the First Silesian War , as major general and regiment chief , he was awarded the order Pour le Mérite by King Friedrich II on June 21, 1742 . During the Second Silesian War , he was awarded the Order of the Black Eagle , the highest order of the Kingdom of Prussia, as Lieutenant General in February 1744 . In 1751 he was promoted to field marshal and in 1759 governor of Berlin . Johann von Lehwaldt died on November 16, 1768 in Königsberg and was buried in the crypt of the Juditter Church . He had several daughters with his first wife Elisabeth Charlotte von Seydel. After her death, he married Anne Sophie Agnes von Buddenbrock , the widow of Erhard Ernst von Röder and daughter of Field Marshal Wilhelm Dietrich von Buddenbrock . This marriage remained childless.

Georg's son Wenzeslaus Christoph von Lehwaldt (* 1717) from his marriage to Katharina Luise von Elben was able to continue the line. 1732 he joined as a cadet in the Infantry Regiment. 2 and was 1743 to first lieutenant promoted. In the Second Silesian War he took part in the siege of Prague in 1744. During the Seven Years' War he fought in numerous major battles and skirmishes. In the battle of Zorndorf on August 25, 1758 he was seriously wounded. After the war, he became Lieutenant Colonel in 1765, 1770 Colonel and commander of a regiment in 1775. On March 22, 1778, he was appointed major general. In the War of the Bavarian Succession he commanded his own brigade in the king's corps and then received infantry regiment No. 47, which he led to his garrison in Brieg at the end of the war . Wenzeslaus Christoph von Lehwaldt died on December 27, 1793. He was married three times. His first wife was Lucia Hedwig von Zeppelin , with her he had a son and two daughters. His second marriage to Sophie Elenore von Kunheim (1741–1773) and his third marriage to Katharina Eleonore Charlotte Freiin von Eulenburg (1743–1824) remained without descendants.

His only son Hans Georg Christoph Wenzelslaus von Lehwaldt (1768-1816) on Barthen was able to continue the line with several children. His marriage to Amalie Charlotte Louise Wilhelmine Helene von der Boeck (1771–1842) in 1794 resulted in six sons and two daughters. Only the two oldest descendants of the sons left behind. The third-born Karl Rudolf and the fourth-born Karl Leonhard died as children. Friedrich Erdmann von Lehwaldt (* 1803) on Pittehnen, the fifth son, became royal Prussian lieutenant in the cuirassier regiment No. 3 . He also died in 1835 at the age of 32. His 1828 marriage with Ludowika Auguste Julie Ida von Strachowsky (1811-1853) remained childless. The youngest son Otto Alexander von Lehwaldt (* 1807) died on December 14, 1879 as a Prussian lieutenant general zD He was most recently deputy commanding general of the X Army Corps . His marriage to Olivie Begina von Usedom (1802-1880) in 1845 in Königsberg did not result in any descendants. Of his sisters, Amalie Karoline von Lehwaldt (1805–1850) married the Prussian major Wenzelslaus Friedrich Alexander von der Groeben in 1822 .

The eldest son Hans Wenzelslaus Friedrich von Lehwaldt (1795–1826) served as a Prussian captain in Infantry Regiment No. 13. His marriage to Mathilde Amalie von Rautter (1802–1881) resulted in two sons, one of whom was the elder Hans Louis Wolfgang von Lehwaldt (* 1823) died unmarried as a Prussian lieutenant colonel in 1895. Most recently he was major and commander of the East Prussian Dragoon Regiment No. 10. His younger brother Wilhelm Wenzelslaus von Lehwaldt (1826–1871) left two sons.

The second eldest son, Wilhelm Ludwig Stephan von Lehwaldt (1797–1843), like his older brother, became a Prussian captain in Infantry Regiment 13. He left seven children after two marriages. His first marriage to Johanna Martina Timmermann (1803–1833) in 1824 in Bielefeld was his son Hermann Louis Ferdinand von Lehwaldt (1825–1872) whose son Ferdinand Hermann von Lehwaldt (* 1852) emigrated to Australia and settled as a merchant in Sydney . Johann Georg Wilhelm von Lehwaldt (1838-1883), a son of Wilhelm Ludwig Stephan from his second marriage to Klara Josephine Aschberg (1814-1897) in 1836, was appointed bailiff to Herbern . He left Wilhelm Gottfried Hans Georg (born January 1, 1883).

Possessions

In Lower Lusatia , Eichholz , Herzberg (until 1560) and Kleinrietz were owned by the von Lehwaldt families as early as 1518 . From 1556 to 1590 Cabel , 1569 Blossin , 1575 Görzig (today part of Rietz-Neuendorf ) and Radeweise , and from 1664 to 1686 Straussdorf were also in their possession or part ownership. In Upper Lusatia , the von Lehwaldt family owned by Kroskau bei Milkel in 1631 .

Most of the family's property was in East Prussia . Relatives were among others from 1513 to 1670 to Nahmgeist , 1549 to Andreaswalde , from 1636 to 1754 to Hirschfeld (today part of Rychliki ), from 1656 to 1771 to Ottlau (today part of Gardeja ), Olschöwken (1938 to 1945 Kornau ) and Ogrodtken , from 1676 to 1727 to Meyken and from 1747 to 1806 to Kalischken and Honigbaum (today part of Sępopol ). In the middle of the 19th century, a widowed wife of Lehwaldt was mistress of flowers in the former district of Mohrungen .

Carl von Lehwaldt, who died as a Prussian major, owned goods in Ober- and Mittel-Zwecklau as well as Niederzyrus in the Freystadt district in Silesia . The latter was owned by von Lehwaldt from 1745 to 1830 and by Soltenitz in Pomerania in 1780 (today part of Gmina Szczecinek ).

coat of arms

Variant of the family coat of arms in Dorst's Silesian Wappenbuch (1847)

The gold coat of arms shows a red-clad right arm emerging from the left edge of the shield, wrapped in a bend with a silver band, holding up a golden finger ring with a red stone in the bare hand. On the helmet with red and gold helmet covers a growing red-clad maiden, whose golden crown is decorated with three silver pheasant feathers and whose right arm is wearing a band and ring as in a shield, while the left is wedged.

Known family members

The noble Pomeranian Lewald families

Rogala coat of arms

While some specialist authors in the relevant literature are of the opinion that various genders resident in West Prussia have put the name Le (h) wald (t) in front of their own without any family connection, other authors assume, at least in part, a tribal relationship with the above Prussian Lehwaldt . The majority of these families mentioned below belonged to the Polish coat of arms cooperative Rogala , as was the case in the same area, for example, with the Manteuffel- Kielpinski, with whom in particular the Lewald-Powalski as well as the Podewil or Borne families were related. Max Bär gives the most detailed information on the property owned by Lewald-Gorski , Lewald-Jezierski and Lewald-Powalski .

Górski

The Lewald-Górski first appeared in Prussia Royal Share . As an early representative, Michal z Gór was hereditary lord on Gory in the Preußisch Stargard district , who also acquired Wałdowo in 1504. Stanisław Lewald Górski was a country messenger for the Dirschau district and signed the General Confederation in Warsaw in 1733 . The family was also established in the districts of Marienburg , Dirschau, Danzig and Neuchâtel .

Jezierski

The Lewald-Jezierski are also at least since the 16th century in Pomerania found, but call well after her previous Development land Jezierzyce at cost in Greater Poland . A branch of the family also turned to Lithuania as early as the 16th century .

In Pomerania, Oswald Lewald-Jezierski was district judge of Konitz in 1552 and Kryspin Lewald-Jezierski in 1555 Vice-Burg starost von Tuchel . Later Michał Lewald-Jezierski Vice Voivode of Pomerania and country messenger of the Gdansk district. In 1764 he signed the election of King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski . Goods were owned in the districts of Kulm and Danzig as well as in Mirchau . a. Wojakowo and Tymowo. The Lewald-Jezierski were inter alia with the Rautenberg-Klinski .

From the Lithuanian branch were descendants of Jerzy Lewald-Jezierski († 1594) canons in Vilnius and Kiev . Michał Lewald-Jezierski was archdeacon of Cammin in 1701 and royal Polish secretary. In 1817 relatives appeared in the Minsk Voivodeship with the title of Count .

Stefan de Leval Jezierski (* 1954), American horn player, also belongs to the family .

Powalski

The Lewald-Powalski should expressly descend from the Prussian Lehwaldt . They were also established in the Pomeranian Voivodeship by the 16th century at the latest and owned in the districts of Dirschau, Marienburg and Schlochau a . a. the goods Klodawa, Pagdanzig, Pischnitz, Powalsky and part of Prechlau, but there were also property in the Kalisz Voivodeship in Greater Poland . The district judge's daughter from Mirchau, Gertrud Lewald-Powalski , was named as the wife of Wojciech Giss in 1550 as a royal Polish lady of honor. Piotr Lewald-Powalski was a judge in the Schlochau district in 1611. In the 18th century, Jan-Krzysztof Lewald-Powalski was the country messenger of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Schlochau District in 1733, he also signed Stanislaus I. Leszczyński's election as king in 1733. In 1736, Józef Lewald-Powalski was vice-castle starost and country messenger from Pomerania, Jan Nepomuk Lewald-Powalski 1779 Vice-Burgstarost of Posen and Jan Lewald-Powalski was chamberlain of King Stanislaus II August in 1780 . The Lewald-Powalski were also with the Tuchołka h. Korzbok , the Rautenberg-Klinski and the Raczyński h. Nałęcz was given to a later count family of magnates .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Year Book of the German Aristocracy, Volume 3, pp. 201–205.
  2. ↑ GA Tschoppe, GAH Stenzel : collection of documents on the history of the origin of cities in Silesia and Upper Lusatia. 480.
  3. ↑ Gustav Koehler: Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris. Volume 1. p. 184.
  4. ↑ Hermann Knothe : History of the Upper Lusatian Nobility and its Goods: vom XIII. until the end of the XVI. Century. P. 335.
  5. ^ A b Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VII, Volume 97 of the complete series, pp. 244–245.
  6. ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony
  7. ^ A b New General German Adels Lexicon Volume 5, Pages 443–444.
  8. ↑ www.hans-pfau-elbing.de
  9. ↑ a b Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy Volume 2, p. 22.
  10. ↑ Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga : The Polish nobility and the foreign noble families who joined the same. General directory, Hamburg 1900, Volume 2, p. 15.
  11. ↑ a b Marek Jerzy Minakowski: Wielka Genealogia Minakowskiego. Kraków, 2009 pp. (CD-ROM).
  12. ↑ Max Bär: The nobility and aristocratic property in Polish Prussia at the time of the Prussian occupation. Based on extracts from the vassal lists and land registers. Leipzig 1911.
  13. ^ Adam Boniecki (and Artur Reiski): Herbarz Polski. Warszawa, 1899-1913, Volume 6, pp. 186f.
  14. ^ A b c Adam Boniecki (and Artur Reiski): Herbarz Polski. Warszawa, 1899-1913, Volume 9, pp. 43-47.
  15. ↑ a b Seweryn hr. Uruski : Rodzina, Herbarz szlachty polskiej. Warszawa 1904-1931, Volume 14, p. 315.