Juditter Church

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The Nikolaikirche (January 2012)

The Juditter Church is a church in Juditten , a former western suburb of Koenigsberg (today the Mendelejewo district ) in the central area of Kaliningrad .

Church building

The Juditter Church is one of the oldest churches in Samland . It was built as a fortified church by the Teutonic Order in 1288, although it was also used as a pilgrimage church at that time . The originally flat choir was roofed over with a stone vault in 1330 together with the nave. The construction phases can be clearly seen through the materials: The substructure is made of brick, which is then closed at the top with a framework; the west gable is also bricked with natural stone. The single bell tower was connected to the nave in 1820 by the barrel-vaulted transverse porch . The church housed the Roeder family crypt and the grave of Johann von Lehwaldt . In 1700 Johann Christoph Gottsched was born in the rectory.

The church survived the Second World War practically unscathed until the conquest of Juditten by the Red Army in 1945. Then it was looted and left to decay until the 1970s. In the 1960s the roof collapsed, later part of the walls.

At the beginning of 1980 the ruinous building was given to the Russian Orthodox Church , which restored it until 1990. The German equipment destroyed in 1945 was replaced in the orthodox sense. As early as October 6, 1985, the church - the first Christian church in Soviet times in Kaliningrad - was consecrated after St. Nicholas of Myra and has since been called Nikolaikirche ( Russian Свято-Никольская церковь / Swjato-Nikolskaja zerkow). In 1988 the first service was held in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Russia . Today the church is the main church of the eponymous women's monastery of the eparchies of Kaliningrad and Baltijsk of the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as a tourist attraction.

Parish

A parish in Juditten already existed in the pre-Reformation period. The Reformation found its way here early on. Then part Juditten for inspection Schaaken (Russian: Schemtschuschnoje ) until 1945, the place was then in the parish of Königsberg Country II (the area north Pregel ) within the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia the Prussian Union of churches incorporated. The branch community of Metgethen existed since 1928 (today in Russian: Possjolok imeni Alexandra Kosmodemjanskowo), which was looked after by the incumbent of the second parish of Juditten.

At the beginning of the 1980s the Russian Orthodox Church established a foothold in Mendelejewo and after 1990 formed its own parish within the Diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltijsk (until 2009: Diocese of Smolensk and Kaliningrad).

Protestant church members living in the Mendeleevos area are now assigned to the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) . It belongs to the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .

Parish locations (until 1945)

Before 1945, the church of Juditten included 30 parish places in addition to the parish:

German name Russian name German name Russian
name		 German name Russian name
Noble Friedrichswalde Great Friedrichsberg Sovkhoznoye Rathshof Voduschny
At the fort Great Holstein Pregolski Sewage field
railway station Half-hooves Spittelhof
Charlottenburg Lermontowo Klein Friedrichsberg Spittelkrug
Dam jar Little Holstein Spittelpark
Fischhof Lawsken Mendeleevo Forest garden
Forester's house Louisenthal Waldschlößchen
Fort 5
"Friedrich Wilhelm III."		 Marienberg Mendeleevo Wallenthal
Fort 6
"Queen Luise"		 Metgethen Possjolok imeni Alexandra
Kosmodemjanskowo		 Weir dam
Fürstenteich Moditten Possjolok imeni Alexandra
Kosmodemjanskowo		 Wilky Mendeleevo

Pastor (until 1945)

Juditter Church
Juditter Church
Interior view of the Church of Juditten from before 1945

From the Reformation to 1945, 29 Protestant clergymen officiated at the Church of Juditten:

  • Johann Cramer, until 1533
  • Johann NN., Until 1534
  • Wenceslaus Jencker, until 1535
  • Paul Cosninck, until 1554
  • Michael Schönwaldt, from 1570
  • Urban Meyer, 1574-1619
  • Rüdiger Jacob, 1612-1620
  • Joachim Neresius, 1620
  • Heinrich Haltermann, from 1621
  • Jacob Stanislai, 1630-1638
  • Johann Settegast, 1638–1643
  • Christoph Rhode, 1643–1663
  • Simon Böhm, 1663–1682
  • Christoph Schultz, 1682–1692
  • Johann Lemcke, 1692–1697
  • Christoph Gottsched, 1697–1715
  • Johann Meyer, 1715-1737
  • Johann Gottlieb Sier, 1738–1749
  • Georg Wilhelm Augar, 1750–1798
  • Theodor Stein, 1798-1810
  • Dietrich Gottfried Niedt, from 1810
  • Wilhelm Theodor AG Buchholz, 1842–1848
  • Ernst Ludwig Storch, 1848–1872
  • Louis Friedrich Wilhelm Tackmann,
    1872–1893
  • Louis Richard Otto Fünfstück, 1893–1924
  • Gerhard Lawin, 1924–1945
  • Horst Vossköhler, 1938–1939
  • Albert Podschun, 1940–1945
  • Kurt Flack, 1945

Church records

The parish registers of the Church of Juditten have been preserved and are now kept in the Evangelical Central Archives in Berlin-Kreuzberg :

  • Baptisms: 1681 to 1874, directories of names: 1727 to 1825 and 1831 to 1913
  • Weddings: 1847–1874, 1861–1936
  • Burials: 1768 to 1877, directories of names: 1768 to 1893

Burial grounds

To the south of the church there are mass graves of Germans who died of starvation and epidemics from 1945 to 1947.

See also

literature

  • Ernst Ludwig Storch: The church and the parish Juditten in the district of Königsberg. A contribution to the patriotic, church and cultural history of Prussia . Königsberg 1861 ( full text )
  • Materials on the history of the Juditten church near Königsberg i. Pr. In: Archives for patriotic interests . New series, year 1845, Marienwerder 1845, pp. 725–745.
  • Adalbert von Mülverstedt : About the name of the church Juditten. Lecture at the assembly of the Prussia on October 1st. Held in 1853 . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 4, Königsberg 1853, pp. 367-377.
  • Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon. City and surroundings . Flechsig, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
  • Richard Armstedt: history of the royal. Capital and residence city of Königsberg in Prussia . Reprint of the original edition, Stuttgart 1899.
  • Fritz Gause : The history of the city of Königsberg in Prussia . 3 volumes. Böhlau, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-412-08896-X .
  • V. Kulakov and others: Pamjatniky istorii i kultury. Kaliningrad . Moscow 2005, ISBN 5-90242-501-8 ( Historical and artistic monuments. Kaliningrad ; Russian)
  • Jürgen Manthey : Königsberg - history of a world citizenship republic . Hanser , Munich 2005, ISBN 3-446-20619-1 .
  • Gunnar Strunz: Discover Königsberg. Between Memel and fresh lagoon . Trescher, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89794-071-X .
  • Baldur Köster: Königsberg. Architecture from the German era . Husum Druck, Husum 2000, ISBN 3-88042-923-5 .

Web links

Commons : Judittenkirche, Kaliningrad  - collection of pictures

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (German Russian)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.propstei-kaliningrad.info
  2. ↑ Patrick Plew, The churches in Samland: Juditten
  3. ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg 1968, p. 60
  4. ↑ Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archives in Berlin , Part I: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , Berlin 1992³, pp. 55–56

Coordinates: 54 ° 42 ′ 56.5 ″  N , 20 ° 25 ′ 30.7 ″  E