List of sacred buildings in Kaliningrad
This list of sacred buildings in Kaliningrad contains churches and synagogues that exist or have existed in the city of Kaliningrad , the former Prussian Königsberg .
The current situation is shaped by the destruction in World War II and afterwards. Before the war there were 35 churches. The synagogues of the Jewish community were destroyed by the National Socialists during the Reichspogromnacht . The city center was set on fire in 1944 by the British air raids on Königsberg and burned for several days. As a result, the Königsberg Cathedral and almost all the churches in the city center were destroyed. The almost complete destruction of the city center and part of the outskirts then took place in the battle for Königsberg in April 1945. In the decades after the Second World War , the few not completely destroyed Königsberg churches were used for secular purposes or were often demolished; no new churches were built. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, some churches were handed over to the municipalities of the city. They now serve as places of worship for the various denominations represented in the city. In addition, a new Russian Orthodox church was built in the city center from 1996 to 2006 . At the former Hansaplatz, today's Victory Square , the Russian Orthodox Christ the Savior Cathedral , which was built from 1996 to 2006 after the Lenin memorial was cleared away on the site of the dismantled buildings of the German East Fair , also has symbolic significance as the first newly built Church building in the Russian era of the city.
It marked the sober spirit of Königsberg that the churches did not - as in Gdansk or Wroclaw , for example - bear historical names of saints. Rather, they were named after the community as the Old Town, Kneiphöfsche, Löbenichtsche, Catholic or Polish Church.
13th Century
Old Town Church of St. Nikolaus (Königsberg)
- Erected: laying of the foundation stone in 1264, new building in 1838
- Architect / Style: Gothic
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant
- Location: Poststrasse
- Special features: The first Protestant sermon in East Prussia was held here, grave of Luther's eldest son Johann. Place of the oldest church bell in East Prussia (bronze bell 13th century). Broken down in 1826 due to disrepair
- Status: not received
Cathedral Chapter (Old Cathedral)
- (Old town)
- Established: 1297
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant
Steindammer Church of St. Nikolai
- Erected: Foundation stone laid in 1256
- Architect / Style: -
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox
- Location: Steindammer Kirchenplatz
- Special features: In the 16th to 18th centuries, the church was mainly used by Protestant Poles and Lithuanians. Only briefly, during the Seven Years' War , was it used as an Orthodox church between 1760 and 1762. A bell was preserved in the Hamburg bell cemetery and is ringing today in Verden Cathedral . Cast in 1714 in the Königsberg bell foundry Dornmann.
- Status: not received
Juditter Church
- Erected: laying of the foundation stone in 1255
- Architect / style: typical fortified church of the time of the order, field stone and brick building
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, then Protestant, today Russian Orthodox (first Christian church in Kaliningrad during the Soviet era)
- Location: Juditten / Mendelejewo , uliza Tenistaja alleja 38
- Special features: place of pilgrimage to the Madonna on the crescent moon . The church housed the Roeder family crypt and the grave of Johann von Lehwaldt
- Status: Received. Was undestroyed at the end of the war, but was then left to decay. Reconstruction from 1980, consecration as an Orthodox Nicholas Church in 1985.
14th Century
Königsberg Cathedral (University Church)
The restored Königsberg Cathedral
- Erected: On September 13, 1333, Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig granted permission to start construction. The construction was largely completed in 1380.
- Architect / Style: Brick Gothic
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox
- Location: Kneiphof , Insel im Pregel in the city center
- Special features: Immanuel Kant's grave
- Status: destroyed in 1944, reconstruction since 1992
Löbenicht Church of St. Barbara
- Erected: 1334 to 1352, rebuilt in 1776
- Architect / style: Reconstruction in rococo style , architect Lökkeme
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant
- Location: Löbenichter Kirchenstrasse
- Special features: burned down in 1764
- Status: not received
Löbenichtsches Hospital
- (Löbenicht nunnery)
- Established: 1333
- Denomination: Roman Catholic
Holy Spirit Hospital
- (Old town)
- Established: 1302
- Denomination: Roman Catholic
St. Mary Magdalene
- (Castle freedom)
- Erected 1370–1381
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant
St. George's Hospital
- (Haberberg)
- Established: 1329
- Client: Grand Master Werner von Orseln
- New construction: 1894–1897
- Special feature: Leper hospital
16th Century
St. Anne's Chapel
- (Lock)
- Erected: early 15th century
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant
Castle Church
- Erected: 1584–1594
- Coronation church of Frederick I and Wilhelm I as kings in Prussia
- Status: destroyed with the castle in 1944/45 and the ruins removed in the Soviet era
Holy Cross Church
- Roßgarten (Königsberg) , west of the Roßgärter Markt
- erected: 1506
- from 1525 casting house for guns and bells
Bullaten Monastery
- (Castle freedom)
- Established: 1517
- Denomination: Roman Catholic
Quednauer Church
- erected in 1507
- Gothic style
- Denomination: Roman Catholic, Protestant
- Location: Quednau
- Special features: Armor by Hennig Schindekopf
- Status: not received
Haberberger Church
- Erected: laying of the foundation stone in 1537, reconstruction in 1753
- Architect / Style: Reconstruction in Rococo style ,
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Oberhaberberg
- Special features: burned down in 1753 (then rebuilt)
- Status: not received
17th century
Altroßgärter Church
- Erected: construction began in 1651, completed in 1693
- Architect / style: Baroque
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Altroßgärter Kirchstrasse
- Particularities:
- Status: not received
Provost church
- Erected: 1616
- Architect / style: Barack
- Denomination: Catholic
- Location: Kath. Kirch-Str. Sackheim
- Special features: First cath. Church of the Samland
- Status: not received
Castle Church
- Erected: 1616, rebuilt in 1690
- Architect / style: New building design by Nehring
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Burgkirchplatz
- Special features: The new building was modeled on the New Church in The Hague
- Status: not received
Neurossgärter Church
- Erected: 1644–1647
- Architect / style:
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Neurossgärter Kirchenstrasse
- Special features: tower height 84 m
- Status: not received
Sackheimer Church
- Erected: 1640, rebuilt in 1769
- Architect / Style: New building in Rococo style by Karl Ludwig Bergius
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Sackheimer Kirchenstrasse
- Special features: Destroyed in the great city fire in 1764
- Status: not received
Tragheimer Church
- Erected: 1632
- Architect / Style: -
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Tragheimer Kirchenstrasse
- Special features: has been rebuilt several times, most recently in 1783
- Status: not received
18th century
French Reformed Church
- Erected: 1733 to 1736
- Architect / style: Rococo style, mayor von Unfried
- Denomination: Protestant
- Location: Königsstrasse
- Special features: The name is reminiscent of the Huguenots who fled France
- Status: not received
Old synagogue
- Erected: 1753 to 1756, rebuilt in 1815
- Architect / Style: -
- Denomination: Jewish
- Location: Synagogenstrasse
- Special features: burned down during the November pogroms in 1938 .
- Status: not received
Mennonite prayer house
- Established: 1770
- Architect / style:
- Denomination: Protestant / Mennonite
- Location: Tränkgasse, old town
- Special features: sold in 1899
- Status: Demolished after 1934
19th century
Old town church
- Erected: Foundation stone laid in 1838 (new building)
- Architect: Karl Friedrich Schinkel (design of the new building)
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: Kreytzenscher Platz / Junkerstraße
- Special features: Schinkel's last building
- Status: not received
Polish synagogue
- Location: Vordere Vorstadt 71a
- Status: not received
Adass Yisroel Synagogue
- Established: 1893
- Location: Synagogenstrasse 14–15 (since 1933 Seilerstrasse)
- According to Michael Wieck's testimony , this synagogue was not set on fire in 1938, out of consideration for the neighboring residential buildings.
- Status: not received
New synagogue
- Erected: 1894 to 1896
- Architect: Cremer and Wolffenstein (Berlin), models of the external architecture are said to have been the cathedrals in Aachen and Worms
- Religion: was the house of worship of the liberal Jews
- Location: Lindenstrasse
- Particularities: -
- Status: destroyed by arson during the November pogroms 1938 . The neighboring Jewish orphanage was not destroyed. There is a memorial plaque on him. The New Synagogue has been rebuilt in its original location and inaugurated on November 8, 2018.
Deaconess Mother House
- (at the castle pond)
- Established: 1850
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Special features: for the training of nurses in the hospital of mercy, since 1955 based in Solms near Wetzlar
Bülow von Dennewitz's pen for the blind
- Established: 1818
- Special features: Königsberg asylum for the blind
Ponarther Church
- Established: 1897
- Style: neo-Gothic
- Denomination: formerly Protestant-Union, today Russian-Orthodox
- Location: Brandenburger Straße / улица Маршала Новикова
- Special features: After the war, the church first served the remaining Germans, then as a warehouse and gym, today's name "Church of the Birth of the Holy Mother of God"
- Status: received
20th century
Queen Luise Memorial Church
- Erected: 1899 to 1901
- Architects: Friedrich Heitmann
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: Amalienau, Lawsker Allee / Louis-Ferdinand-Straße
- Special features: dedicated to the memory of Queen Luise of Prussia
- Status: used today as a Kaliningrad regional puppet theater
Adalbertkirche
- Erected: 1902 to 1904 (chapel), 1932 (church)
- Architect: Friedrich Heitmann (1902)
- Denomination: Roman Catholic
- Location: Amalienau, Lawsker Allee / Kastanienallee; Проспект Победы 41
- Special features: 1932 modern extension building (not preserved); Protective mantle Madonna and Evangelists by Otto Zirnbauer .
- Status: used today as a scientific laboratory
Catholic Church "To the Holy Family"
- Erected: 1904 to 1907
- Architect: Friedrich Heitmann
- Denomination: Roman Catholic
- Location: Oberhaberberg; улица Богдана Хмельницкого
- Special features: Branch of the Katherinen (Kathatinerinnen)
- Status: largely spared in the Second World War, used as a military hospital for the Red Army and then as a fertilizer store, restored in 1980, today the organ hall of the Kaliningrad Philharmonic
Kalthof Church
- Erected: 1905 to 1907
- Architect: Karl Siebold
- Style: neo-Gothic
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: Kalthof, Kalthöfer Kirchstrasse; Краснодонская улица 3–5
- Status: Ruin demolished in the 1980s
Luther Church
- Erected: 1907 to 1910
- Architect: Friedrich Heitmann
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: cattle market
- Particularities: -
- Status: decayed after 1945 without being used again, ruin blown up in 1976
Herzog Albrecht Memorial Church
- Erected: 1911 to 1913
- Architects: Heinrich Mattar and Eduard Scheler (Cologne)
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: Maraunenhof, Herzog-Albrecht-Allee / König-Ottokar-Platz
- Particularities: -
- Status: decayed after 1945 without any new use, ruin demolished in 1972; Only the parish hall still exists today and is used as a music school.
Friedenskirche
- Established: 1913 (inaugurated June 26, 1913)
- Architect: -
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: Altroßgarten, Friedemannstrasse / Königsstrasse
- Particularities: -
- Status: severe war damage; Ruin demolished around 1960
Rosenauer Church
- Erected: 1914 to 1926
- Architect: August Pflaum
- Style: neo-Gothic
- Denomination: formerly Protestant-Union, since 1990 Russian-Orthodox
- Location: Rosenau, Domnauer Straße; улица Клавы Назаровой
- Special features: rests on granite blocks of a former Königsberg fortress, today's name "Church of the Veil of the Holy Mother of God"
- Status: received
Christ Church
- Erected: 1924 to 1926
- Denomination: Evangelical-Old Lutheran
- Location: Wallring 28 / Dessauer Straße / улица Баранова / улица Партизанская
- Particularities: -
- Status: severe war damage, ruins gradually demolished from 1960
Mourning hall in the Jewish cemetery
- Erected: 1927 to 1929
- Architect: Erich Mendelsohn
- Religion: Jewish
- Location: at the Jewish cemetery, Amalienau or Friedrichswalde, Steffeckstraße / Ratslinden; улица Катина
- Particularities: -
- Status: set on fire on November 10, 1938, not preserved, remains of the complex now house a veterinary clinic
Kreuzkirche
- Erected: 1930 to 1933
- Architect: Arthur Kickton
- Denomination: formerly Protestant-Union, today Russian-Orthodox
- Location: Lomse , On the Plantation; улица Генерала Павлова
- Special features: twin towers, facade design with Cadin majolica clinker bricks, today's name "Church of the Establishment of the Cross"
- Status: received with changes
Parish Church of St. Joseph in Ponarth
- Erected: 1931 to 1932
- Denomination: Roman Catholic
- Location: Ponarth, Brandenburger Straße
- Status: tower demolished, other components disfigured by renovation
Christ Church (Rathshof)
- Established: 1937
- Architect: Kurt Frick (Head of the Art Academy in Königsberg)
- Denomination: Protestant-Union
- Location: Rathshof, Von-Brandt-Allee / Wiebestrasse
- Special features: after the Second World War it served the workers of the wagon factory as a cultural palace
- Status: received
Church of the Resurrection
- Erected: 1996–1999 (inauguration: April 11, 1999)
- Location: Cemetery II at the Luisenkirche
- Denomination: Evangelical-Lutheran
- Architect: Pavel Gorbach, Kaliningrad
- Special feature: main church of the Kaliningrad Provostry
Evangelical Baptist Congregation
- Established: 1998
- Location: ul. Gagarina
21st century
Christ the Savior Cathedral
- Erected: 1996 to 2006
- Architect / style: traditional Russian-Byzantine style, architect Oleg Kopylov
- Denomination: Russian Orthodox
- Location: Siegesplatz
- Special features: The architecture was based on the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow , Metropolitan Church of the Diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltijsk
St. Stephan Church (Königsberg)
- Established: 2006
- Architect / style: traditional Armenian style, architect Ruben Asatjan
- Denomination: Armenian Apostolic
- Special features: Church of the Diocese of New Nakhchivan and Russia
literature
- Fritz Gause : Königsberg in Prussia. The story of a European city. 2nd edition, Rautenberg, Leer 1987, ISBN 3-7921-0345-1 .
- Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon. City and surroundings. (Licensed edition) Flechsig, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
- August Rudolf Gebser and Ernst August Hagen : The cathedral to Königsberg in Prussia. A church and art history description. First department, Königsberg 1835 ( full text ).
- Евреи в Кёнигсберге на рубеже столетий / The Jews of Königsberg at the turn of the 20th Century . Berlin: Association of Jews in East Prussia. ISBN 978-3-00-057974-5 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon . Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1
- ↑ Russia's westernmost synagogue rebuilt 80 years after Kristallnacht destruction | Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved November 11, 2018 (American English).
- ↑ Illustration of the Schutzmantelmadonna in: Passauer Bistumsblatt , May 3, 1953