Gardeja
| Gardeja | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Kwidzyn | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 36 ' N , 18 ° 56' E | ||
| Residents : | 2282 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 82-520 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 55 | ||
| License plate : | GKW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 55 : Nowy Dwór Gdański - Malbork ↔ Grudziądz - Stolno | ||
| Ext. 523 : Gardeja – Trumieje | |||
| Ext. 532 : Gardeja – Karpini – Sadlinki– Kwidzyn | |||
| Rail route : | PKP - route 207: Toruń ↔ Malbork | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Gardeja ( German Garnsee ) is a village with 2500 inhabitants in the powiat Kwidzyński (Powiat Marienwerder ) in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . The village is the seat of the rural community of the same name .
location
The village is located in the former West Prussia , between the two towns of Kwidzyn (Marienwerder) in the north and Grudziądz (Graudenz) in the south. The distance to Kwidzyn in the north is about ten kilometers. The village is almost entirely surrounded by two large lakes.
history
The founding date of the village is 1285, when the knight Dietrich Stange gave the Cistercians in Pelplin 200 hooves in Pomesanien to found a monastery in Garzanum (German: Garnsee ). Although the monks began building the monastery complex, they did not continue because they found the place on a hill inhospitable. The donated land was sold to settlers by Peplin in 1334; the result was the village of Garnsee, which received city rights in the same year.
In 1877 a devastating fire reduced most of the houses to dust and ashes. The town hall, along with the documents and files, also fell victim to the flames. At the beginning of the 20th century, Garnsee had a Protestant church, a shoe factory and a pottery factory.
On the basis of the provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty , the population in the Marienwerder voting area , to which Garnsee belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Garnsee, 797 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland had 18 votes. Garnsee became a border town and - despite the result of the vote - had to cede its station two kilometers to the south to Poland, which moved the border directly to the outskirts.
Due to the attack on Poland in 1939, the towns of Kalmusen (now in Polish: Kalmuzy), Buden (Budy), Sarosle (until 1945 Moorgrund , in Polish: Zarośle) and Schönbrück (Szembruk), which had been in the Polish Corridor , returned to Germany.
Until 1945 Garnsee was a town in the district of Marienwerder , which until 1920 belonged to the Prussian province of West Prussia and then to East Prussia near the border with Poland . In 1934 Garnsee was united with the neighboring Garnseedorf and in 1939 had about 2000 inhabitants.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the region was occupied by the Red Army in early 1945 after fighting with the Wehrmacht . Shortly thereafter, Garnsee was placed under Polish administration. As far as the people had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold . Garnsee was renamed Gardeja .
Due to the massive destruction caused by the war, Gardeja lost its town charter in 1945. The place is now affiliated to the powiat Kwidzyński in the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1975 to 1998 Elbing Voivodeship ). It has about 2300 inhabitants and is the seat and eponymous place of the Gmina Gardeja.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1740 | 379 | |
| 1786 | 457 | in the Protestant church built in 1732, preaching was carried out in both German and Polish |
| 1802 | 619 | |
| 1810 | 706 | |
| 1816 | 716 | including 650 Protestants, 43 Catholics and 23 Jews |
| 1821 | 812 | |
| 1831 | 900 | |
| 1864 | 1099 | including 1,027 Evangelicals and 35 Catholics |
| 1885 | 1205 | |
| 1900 | 1100 | mostly Protestants |
| 1905 | 984 | including 911 Protestants, 59 Catholics and 15 Jews |
| 1925 | 1070 | mostly Protestants |
| 1933 | 2062 | |
| 1939 | 1998 | |
| 1943 | 2196 |
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2282 |
church
Parish church
Church and tower date from 1350. Before that there was only a wooden chapel. The tower is unusually on the east side. The building was rebuilt between 1729 and 1731.
Evang. Parish
The Reformation and especially the conversion of the Prussian Duke to Lutheranism was the actual beginning of the history of the Evangelical Church in Garnsee. Before 1945 the parish included Dietmarsdorf (until 1938 Zigahnen , today in Polish: Cygany), Garnseedorf, Ottlau (Otłowiec) and Seubersdorf (Zebrdowo). The parish was in the parish of Kwidzyn in over time changing regional divisions of the Prussian Union of churches built.
Since 1945 the Protestant residents of Gardeja have been assigned to the parish Grudziądz ( Graudenz ) within the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Pastor 1546–1945
From the Reformation to the expulsion in 1945, 31 evangelical clergy were in office in Garnsee:
- Daniel Leszki, 1546-1559
- Bernhard Kretzel, 1559–1567
- Matthes Labinus, 1567–1577
- Michael Praetorius, 1588–1591
- Albert Soltanus, 1592-1601
- Stephan Petrasius, 1603-1620
- Andreas Lupianus, until 1621
- Sebastian Bernhardi, 1627-1630
- Adam Vretsch, 1630-1634
- Johann Hieronymus, 1634–1642
- Solomon Strychnus, 1642-1651
- Martin Rex, 1651-1657
- Christian Strobäus, 1657–1670
- Johann Malendorf, 1671–1682
- Christian Römer, 1682–1693
- Michael Richter, 1694-1718
- Johann Schwartz, 1718-1721
- Andreas Trantz, 1721-1735
- Michael Apfelbaum, 1735-1759
- Christoph Fr. Büschius, 1760–1766
- Jacob Wilhelm Ursinus, 1766–1774
- Christoph Grzegorzewsky, 1775–1792
- Johann Michael Höffner, 1792–1796
- Carl Schäfer, 1796–1838
- Matthias Gottl. Ed. Hammer, 1839-1862
- Julius Adolf Hoecker, 1863–1865
- Gustav Adolf Krieger, 1865-1892
- Hermann Julius Daniel, 1893–1908
- Max Karl Gustav Lemke, 1909–1919
- Friedrich Stachowitz, 1919–1928
- Alfons August Naleszinski, 1928–1945
Catholic parish
After the introduction of the Reformation, the Roman Catholic believers avoided parishes in the area. Not until 1912 was a separate community formed in Garnsee. The "Gasthaus zur Bahn" was a place of worship until 1932, and the Sacred Heart Church was built in 1931/32 .
The current parish of Gardeja has kept this name. It is incorporated into the Deanery Kwidzyn-Zatorze in the diocese of Elblag of the Catholic Church in Poland .
Pastor 1912–1945
- Franz Herrmann, until 1941
- Carl Josef Müller, 1941–1945
school
A school in Garnsee was mentioned as early as 1586. In 1882 it is named as four-class.
The municipality of Garnseedorf, which was independent until 1936, had its own school. It was expanded in 1938. The last head of the two schools in Garnsee was Sellnau's main teacher .
traffic
Streets
In the village, the voivodship road DW 523 coming from Trumieje ( Groß Tromnau ) and the DW 532 coming from Kwidzyn ( Marienwerder ) via Sadlinki ( Sedlinen ) meet the state road DK 55 (former German Reichsstraße 129 ).
Between 1920 and 1939 Gardeja was the border crossing point to the Polish Corridor .
rails
The Gmina Gardeja has a train station on the state railway line 207 , which connects Toruń ( Thorn ) and Grudziądz ( Graudenz ) with Kwidzyn ( Marienwerder ) and Malbork ( Marienburg ). This railway line was opened in 1882/1883. The large lakes that surrounded the then town of Garnsee and the nature of the soil surrounding the waters did not allow the railway line to pass close to the town. The train station was laid out two kilometers south of the city.
This station came to Poland in 1920 and was named Gardeja . It was allowed to be used by the Germans. But this shared use ended in 1927, and the Deutsche Reichsbahn built a new train station on the way to Herminendorf, again two kilometers from the city center. When it opened on July 1, 1927, it was named Garnsee (West Prussia) . Due to the war, the old station came back to Germany in 1939, it was then named Garnsee Süd , the new one was then called Garnsee West .
Between 1886 and 1979 a railway line branched off in Garnsee Süd = Gardeja to the neighboring town of Łasin ( Lessen ). Today's Gmina Gardeja area was traversed from northwest to southeast by the now disused railway line from Marienwerder (Kwidzyn) to Freystadt (Kisielice) and Bischofswerder (Biskupiec) - with three train stations in the municipality.
Son of the community
- Arthur von Buddenbrock (1850–1929), politician, member of the Prussian manor house
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 491-493.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Volume 2: Topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, p. 8, no. 3).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 440, No. 55.
- Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968.
- Hans Schachschneider: The city of Garnsee and the surrounding area. 1970.
- Ernst Bahr: Garnsee . In: Handbook of historical sites , East and West Prussia. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 62-63.
Web links
- City of Garnsee (Rolf Jehke, 2004)
- Website Cityscapes Prussia
- Gmina Gardeja website (Polish)
- The town of Garnsee and the surrounding area ( Memento from July 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on July 8, 2017
- ^ Franz Winter : The Cistercians of northeastern Germany. A contribution to the church and cultural history of the German Middle Ages . Volume 2: From the appearance of the mendicant orders to the end of the 13th century . Gotha 1871, pp. 268-271 and pp. 265-.
- ↑ a b Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 343.
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : "Self-determination for East Germany - A Documentation on the 50th Anniversary of the East and West Prussian Referendum on July 11, 1920"; Editor: Göttingen Working Group , 1970, p. 117
- ↑ a b c Handbook of Historic Places , East and West Prussia . Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 63.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Volume 2: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, p. 8, No. 3.
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 282–283, item 188.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 440, no.55.
- ^ E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual of the Marienwerder administrative district . Danzig 1868, pp. 100-101, no. 61.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, Marienwerder district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Der Große Brockhaus , 15th edition, Volume 6, Leipzig 1930, p. 778.
- ↑ From 1817 to 1832 and 1886 to 1921 the parish belonged to the ecclesiastical province of West Prussia with its seat in Danzig, from 1832 to 1886 to the ecclesiastical province of Prussia, from 1921 to 1940 to the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia, the latter both with seat in Königsberg in Prussia and then from 1940 to 1945 to the church territory Gdansk-West Prussia based in Gdansk.
- ↑ Hoecker (1812-1865) was a member of the Warmia Corpslandsmannschaft Baltia , which was taken over in 1840 by the Corps Masovia . He was Dr. phil., licentiate and pastor.
- ^ Entry by Julius Adolph Hoecker GND 12216802X in the German National Library