Kisielice

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Kisielice
Coat of arms of Kisielice
Kisielice (Poland)
Kisielice
Kisielice
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Iławski
Gmina : Kisielice
Area : 3.37  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 36 ′  N , 19 ° 16 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 36 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 16 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 90 m npm
Residents : 2098 (June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 14-220
Telephone code : (+48) 55
License plate : NILE
Economy and Transport
Street : Grudziądz - Ostróda
Next international airport : Danzig



Kisielice [ kʲiɕɛˈlʲit͡sɛ ] ( German Freystadt in West Prussia ) is a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 6023 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

location

The city is located in the former West Prussia south of the Gdansk Bay , about 26 kilometers southeast of Kwidzyn (Marienwerder) , 36 kilometers northeast of Grudziądz (Graudenz) and 90 kilometers southeast of Gdansk . The Gardęga (Gardenga) , a tributary of the Osa, flows through the city .

history

In 1255 the market town was owned by the diocese as Vrienstad . On January 22nd, 1293, Dietrich von Stangen received the right to establish settlements on his land under Kulmer law from the bishop and cathedral chapter of Pomesania. Vrienburg was probably created between 1315 and 1320. The town charter was handed down in 1331. Construction of the church had already started earlier. The flat-roofed brick building had a wooden tower that burned in 1653 and was supplemented in stone from 1856–1857. The altar from 1696 depicted the donor figures Otto Friedrich von der Groebens and his wife in its rich carvings . A special feature of the place is the triangular market square. In 1350 the city had a brick town hall and a brick city fortification with three gates. In 1397 Katharina von Stangen sold the city to the diocese of Pomesania .

After the end of the Thirteen Years War of the Cities, Freystadt remained in the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 in the Teutonic Order , which became the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 and the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 . In 1653 the town church burned down after being struck by lightning . In 1775 a fire destroyed large parts of the city.

City Office (photo 2010)
City Church (Protestant until 1945, photo 2008)

With the opening of the railway line from Jablonowo (1903–1920 Goßlershausen) to Riesenburg , Freystadt was also connected to the rail network in 1899, and in 1900 the branch line to Marienwerder was put into operation. At the beginning of the 20th century Freystadt had a Protestant church, a factory for the production of agricultural machines, a sawmill and brickworks. The Freystädter Tageblatt first appeared in 1902. The local elementary school opened in 1912. In 1934 the last edition of the Freystädter Tageblatt appeared .

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Marienwerder voting area , to which Freystadt belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Freystadt, 1,875 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland had 36 votes.

During the Second World War , the city was evacuated on January 20, 1945 because of the approaching front . Three days later the Red Army captured Freystadt. In the spring of 1945, all but 130 of the residents who stayed behind or were overrun and returned home managed to escape via the Oder-Neisse line . In March 1945 the Red Army placed the city, which had been around 80 percent destroyed, under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . She introduced the Polish place name Kisielice for Freystadt and settled it with Poland . The town charter was revoked in 1946.

Through an administrative reform, the city came to the newly formed Elbląg Voivodeship in 1975 . 1986 the place was raised again to the city. After the dissolution of the Elbląg Voivodeship, the city was part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship from 1999.

Population development until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1576 0525
1782 0719 in 134 households ( fireplaces ), mostly Evangelical-Lutheran Germans
1802 0877
1810 0865
1816 0973 848 Protestants, 113 Catholics and twelve Jews
1821 1,071
1831 1,157
1852 2,093
1864 2,466 on December 3rd, including 2,165 Evangelicals and 53 Catholics
1871 2,648 including 2,300 Evangelicals and 60 Catholics
1875 2,564
1880 2,298
1890 3,075
1900 2,422
1905 2,425 thereof 2,196 Evangelicals, 71 Catholics and 150 Jews
1933 3,075
1939 3,351
1943 3,313
Population since 1945
year Residents Remarks
2012 2.191 As of June 30, 2012

local community

The town itself and 15 villages with school boards belong to the town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Kisielice.

traffic

Former train station (2010)

The city is located on the national road 16 , which leads from Graudenz ( Grudziądz ) to Allenstein ( Olsztyn ).

The Kisielice station was a hub: from the Goßlershausen – Riesenburg railway line, which opened in 1899, a line from 1900 to 1945 branched off to Marienwerder and a line from 1925 to 1969 to Bischofswerder (Biskupiec). Today all routes are closed.

Sons of the city

  • Karl Thom (1893–1945), fighter pilot in the First World War
  • Georg Hans Damrau (1902–1952), Nazi politician
  • Lorenz Grimoni (* 1939), pastor, head of the (now closed) Museum City of Königsberg in Duisburg.

literature

  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 409-411.
  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II, Marienwerder 1789, p. 8, no. 4.
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 439, no.51.
  • Karl Josef Kaufmann : History of the Rosenberg district . Volume 1. Grudge, Marienwerder 1927.
  • Carl Josef Kaufmann: History of the city of Freystadt . Part 1: Until 1653 . Groll, Marienwerder 1931.
  • Alfred Müsse: The Rosenberg district. A West Prussian homeland book . Bösmann, Detmold 1963.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christa Mühleisen: 675 years Freystadt .
  2. ↑ Either according to Magdeburg law , according to the city's website, or according to Kulm law , according to Christa Mühleisen, in: 675 Years of Freystadt .
  3. ↑ Free City . In: Dehio , Gall : Deutschordensland Prussia , Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 1952, p. 110.
  4. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 99, point 2).
  5. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : "Self-determination for East Germany - A Documentation on the 50th Anniversary of the East and West Prussian Referendum on July 11, 1920"; Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 123.
  6. ^ Christa Mühleisen: 675 years Freystadt .
  7. ↑ a b c Handbook of Historic Places : East and West Prussia , Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 156.
  8. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II, Marienwerder 1789, p. 8, no. 4.
  9. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 282–283, item 173.
  10. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 439, no.51.
  11. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 161.
  12. ^ E. Jacobson: Topographisch-Statistisches Handbuch for the district of Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 114–125, item 38.
  13. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 49-50, item 3.
  14. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, district of Rosenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  15. ↑ http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_30062012.pdf