Schlochau district
The district of Schlochau , until 1939 district of Schlochau , was a Prussian district that existed between 1818 and 1945. Most of it belonged to the part of West Prussia that remained in the German Reich after the First World War and became part of the Posen-West Prussia border region and belonged to the Province of Pomerania from 1938 to 1945 . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Administrative history
The area of the Schlochau district came to Prussia through the first Polish division in 1772 and belonged to the Konitz district until 1818 , which at that time comprised the entire southern part of Pomerania . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the new administrative district of Marienwerder of the new province of West Prussia . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the new Schlochau district was formed on April 1, 1818. It comprised the city and the office of Schlochau , the city and the Intendantur Baldenburg , the cities of Hammerstein , Preussisch Friedland and Landeck , 31 localities of the office of Friedrichsbruch and 97 noble estates. The town of Schlochau became the seat of the district office of the new district.
From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .
On November 20, 1919, the district of Schlochau was subordinated to the new administrative district Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen , based in Schneidemühl . On December 1, 1919, the manor districts of Klein Jenznick, Mankau and Platendienst of the Konitz district were reclassified into the Schlochau district. These manor districts were exclaves of the Konitz district, the main area of which fell to Poland. With the entry into force of the Versailles Treaty on January 10, 1920, a larger area in the northeast of the Schlochau district, which was mostly inhabited by Poles , had to be ceded to Poland.
On January 11, 1921, the administrative district "Grenzmark West Prussia-Posen" was renamed "Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia". On July 1, 1922, the new province Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia was formed from the administrative district. The new administrative district of Schneidemühl was formed on August 1, 1922, congruent with the province . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Schlochau district as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts except two were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1938, the district of Schlochau was incorporated into the province of Pomerania following the dissolution of the Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia province. The administrative district of Schneidemühl was given the name "Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia" for reasons of tradition. On January 1, 1939, the Schlochau district was given the name of a district in accordance with the now unified rule .
In the spring of 1945 the area of the Schlochau district was occupied by the Red Army . After the end of the war, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In the Schlochau district, immigration from Poles began, who came mainly from areas east of the Curzon line . In the following years the German population from the county sold .
population
The following is an overview with information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:
| year | 1821 | 1831 | 1852 | 1861 | 1871 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1925 | 1933 | 1939 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 27,415 | 32,611 | 48,413 | 54,821 | 60,383 | 64,946 | 66,077 | 67,157 | 57.184 | 56,482 | 55.110 |
|
Evangelical Catholics Jews |
15,284 11,191 940 |
18,477 13,067 1,067 |
27,418 19,508 1,458 |
31,100 21,957 1,656 |
33,873 24,789 1,618 |
34,888 28,549 1,462 |
35,071 29,935 1,040 |
34,212 32,180 694 |
34,829 21,601 500 |
33,666 22,313 412 |
33 102 21 394 136 |
|
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking |
27,371 - 5,240 |
42,021 - 6,392 |
54,821 - 7,130 |
56,224 - 8,717 |
56,452 194 9,425 |
56,648 582 9,906 |
politics
District administrators
- 1818–1831 Karl Gottlob Lesse
- 1833–1847 Julius Kummer (* 1804)
- 1847–1851 Karl Passarge
- 1851–1852 Hermann von Besser
- 1852–1860 Ottomar Runge
- 1860–1861 Eduard von Young (1815–1886) ( acting )
- 1861–1865 Oskar von Joeden-Koniecpolski († 1901)
- 1865–1875 Karl von Oven (1824–1907)
- 1875–1881 Viktor von Tepper-Laski (1844–1905)
- 1881–1888 Wilhelm Scheffer (1844–1898)
- 1888–1899 Georg Kersten
- 1899–1920 Albrecht von Mach
- 1920 Heidsieck
- 1920–1921 Wilhelm Happ ( acting )
- Anton Rick
- 1923–1933 Kurt Jüllig (1885–1971)
- 1933 Fritz Coester (* 1893) ( acting )
- 1933–1935 Karl Schröder (* 1897)
- 1935–1940 Udo von Alvensleben (1895–1970)
- 1940– Ernst Günther
Local constitution
The district of Schlochau was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.
elections
In the German Empire, the Schlochau district together with the Flatow district formed the Marienwerder 7 district of the Reichstag . The constituency was usually won by conservative candidates.
Districts, cities and municipalities
Districts
The rural parishes of the district were divided into 23 administrative districts in the 1930s. The cities of the district were free of office.
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cities and communes
At the end of its existence in 1945, the district of Schlochau comprised five cities and 71 other municipalities:
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The district also included the two community-free manor districts of Forst Landeck and Schlochauer Heide .
Dissolved or departed municipalities
- Noble Briesen , joined Poland in 1920
- Borczyskowo, joined Poland in 1920
- Glisno , part of Poland in 1920
- Groß Konarczyn , transferred to Poland in 1920
- Grünchotzen , 1920 to Poland
- Heidemühl, joined Poland in 1920
- Kaldau, 1923 to the city of Schlochau
- Kelpin , transferred to Poland in 1920
- Kiedrau, joined Poland in 1920
- Klein Konarczyn , joined Poland in 1920
- Liepnitz , joined Poland in 1920
- Lonken, transferred to Poland in 1920
- Lubon, part of Poland in 1920
- Mellno, part of Poland in 1920
- Ossusnitza, joined Poland in 1920
- Ostrowitt, 1920 to Poland
- Prondzonka, 1920 to Poland
- Prondzonna, 1920 to Poland
- Sobczyn, joined Poland in 1920
- Woysk, transferred to Poland in 1920
traffic
The Schlochau district was crossed by the Prussian East Railway Berlin - Königsberg in the south since 1871 > 115.0 <. In the years 1877/78 the state railway lines Konitz - Schlochau - Neustettin were added through the middle of the district and Rummelsburg - Neustettin in the far west> 111.j + u <.
The north-eastern part received the connection Reinfeld - Schlochau> 111.x <in 1902. After the Konitz railway junction fell to Poland, the Deutsche Reichsbahn connected the district town with Firchau on the Ostbahn> 111.j² <in 1926.
(The numbers in> <refer to the German course book 1939).
literature
- Adler: The Schlochau district . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Another series, Volume 1, Königsberg 1852, pp. 120-125.
- E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the district of Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 126-147 .
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of Pomerania - district of Schlochau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- Gunthard Stübs, Pomeranian Research Association: The district of Schlochau in the former province of Pomerania . (2011).
- Manfred Vollack, Heinrich Lemke: The Schlochau district - a book from Prussian-Pomeranian homeland . Kiel 1974, ISBN 3-9800051-1-9 .
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 615.
Web links
- Home District Schlochau
- Schlochau district administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 28, 2013.
- Municipalities and manor districts 1910 with population figures
- Map of the Schlochau district within the boundaries from 1920 to 1945
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 70 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 354 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd Edition. tape 2 . Berlin 1874, Schlochau district, p. 55-56 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ The peace treaty and implementing laws . Reimar Hobbing, Berlin 1921, Description of the new German-Polish border, p. 16 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998, p. 111.
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition. Sixteenth Volume, Leipzig 1933, p. 745.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Schlochau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Flatow – Schlochau constituency
- ^ Information system Pomerania: District of Schlochau
Administrative districts: Gdansk | Marienwerder
Districts: Gdansk | Elbing | Graudenz | Thorn
Counties: Berent | Briesen | Gdansk | Danzig Heights | Danzig Lowlands | German crown | Dirschau | Elbing | Flatow | Graudenz | Karthaus | Konitz | Kulm | Löbau | Marienburg | Marienwerder | Neustadt i. Western pr. | Prussian Stargard | Cute | Rosenberg i. Western pr. | Schlochau | Schwetz | Strasburg i. Western pr. | Stuhm | Thorn | Tuchel
Administrative districts: Köslin | Szczecin | Stralsund . City districts: Greifswald | Kolberg | Köslin | Stargard | Szczecin | Stumble | Stralsund . Counties: Anklam | Belgard | Bütow | Cammin i. Pom. | Demmin | Dramburg | Franzburg-Barth | Greifenberg i. Pom. | Greifenhagen | Greifswald | Grim | Kolberg-Körlin | Köslin | Lauenburg i. Pom. | Naugard | Neustettin | Pyritz | Randow | Rainforest | Rügen | Rummelsburg i. Pom. | Saatzig | Schlawe i. Pom. | Stumble | Ueckermünde | Usedom-Wollin . Disbanded: Lauenburg-Bütow district (1845). Principality of the Principality (1872). County Bublitz , Kreis Schivelbein (1932). From 1938: Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia - Schneidemühl - District Arnswalde , District Deutsch Krone , District Flatow , District Friedeberg Nm. , Netzekreis , district of Schlochau .