Czarne

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Czarne
Coat of arms of Gmina Czarne
Czarne (Poland)
Czarne
Czarne
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Człuchowski
Gmina : Czarne
Area : 46.39  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 41 ′  N , 16 ° 57 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 57 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 136 m npm
Residents : 6030 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code : 77-330
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GCZ
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 201 ( Szczecinek -) Gwda Mała ↔ Debrzno
Ext. 202 Czarne → Rzeczenica
Rail route : PKP line 210 Runowo Pomorskie ↔ Chojnice
Next international airport : Gdansk Airport
Szczecin Airport



Czarne [ 'ʈ͡ʂarnɛ ] ( German Hammerstein ) is a small town with the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name in the powiat Człuchowski of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship with about 6000 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located in the former West Prussia on the left bank of the river Czernica (Zahne) in an extensive forest area 136 meters above sea level, about 16 kilometers east-southeast of Szczecinek (Neustettin) and 40 kilometers west of Chojnice (Konitz) . The Draheimer Seenplatte runs northwest.

history

Square in the city center
City Church

In the 1380s, the Teutonic Order moved a fortified courtyard, a so-called Wildhaus, from Falkenwalde to the vicinity of today's town in order to secure the passage over the Zahne River. The castle was named Hammerstein, probably after an iron hammer that was there . As early as 1388 and 1389, Hammerstein was mentioned as the place of negotiations between the order and the dukes of Pomerania. In 1395 the Grand Master of the Order Konrad von Jungingen granted the town to be occupied with the town charter of Kulm . Castle and town belonged to the Schlochau Commandery of the order.

After the Battle of Tannenberg (1410) Hammerstein came briefly to the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw VIII , who was allied with Poland, but who had to return it to the Teutonic Order with the Peace of Thorne of 1411 . The Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen confirmed the city's rights and also granted it the right to build a fulling mill. In the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) between the Prussian Confederation and the Teutonic Order, the city was on the side of the order, was occupied by the troops of the federal government in 1454, but in 1455 by the order captain Kaspar Nostitz by a ruse - he left ten of his Men dressed as women go into town - recaptured for the Teutonic Order.

After the Thirteen Years of City War , Hammerstein came in the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 from the Teutonic Order State of Prussia to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which had voluntarily submitted to the sovereignty of the Polish crown. The Ordensburg became the seat of a Starostei . In the centuries that followed, the starosts were made up of the von Konarski , Sapieha , von Weiher , von Raczynski , von Wedelstädt and von Unruh families . On the occasion of the establishment of the Union of Lublin on the Lublin Sejm , King Sigismund II on August 16, 1569, unilaterally terminated the autonomy of Royal Prussia (West Prussia) under threat of severe penalties, which is why the sovereignty of the Polish king in this part of the former area of the Teutonic Order from 1569 to 1772 was perceived as foreign rule.

In the middle of the 16th century Hammerstein had about 700 inhabitants, eight cloth makers, six shoemakers and five blacksmiths went about their trade. There was a sawmill and a watermill operated on the Teeth. The plague hit Hammerstein for the first time in 1624 and took away the majority of the population. Three years later, the city suffered from the raids of the troops involved in the Polish-Swedish War (1600–1629). In the second half of the 16th century, Lutheranism had spread in Hammerstein and the town church had been taken over by the Evangelicals. But tensions remained between the two denominations. In 1600 the Catholic residents regained the right to use the town church. In 1645 the Catholic teacher Jakob Büttner was slain and the church, rectory and school were demolished. The city was sentenced to pay damages. In 1653 most of the houses were destroyed in a major fire. A separate Protestant church was first built in 1676; it was rebuilt in 1716, 1755 and 1819 respectively.

As a result of the first partition of Poland , Hammerstein came to the newly created West Prussia province of the Prussian monarchy in 1772 . As part of the Prussian territorial reforms , the city was assigned to the West Prussian district of Schlochau in 1818 . In 1819 a church was built for the Protestant community on the market. Hammerstein was still a town of shoe and cloth makers, in 1850 there were almost 200 shoemakers there. In addition, there were several larger farms in the city. This year the castle of the district councilor George von Livonius was built on the site of the now dilapidated Ordensburg . The connection to the Pommersche Centralbahn took place with the section from Neustettin to Schlochau in 1878. That was the starting signal for the settlement of larger industrial companies in the building materials trade and wood processing. The military training area established by Prussia from 1885 onwards developed into another important economic factor . At the beginning of the 20th century, Hammerstein had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue and a district court . During the First World War there was a large camp for Russian prisoners of war here .

When, after the First World War, many German residents emigrated to Germany from the areas ceded to the resurrected Poland, new settlements emerged in Hammerstein towards the south and towards the military training area, so that the population increased by over 30 percent. Hammerstein itself belonged to the narrow strip of West Prussia that had remained with Germany and was incorporated into the newly established province of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia .

At the beginning of the 1930s, the district of Hammerstein had an area of ​​43.9 km², and in the urban area there were a total of 439 houses at 14 different places of residence:

  1. Hammerstein train station (Kr.Schlochau)
  2. Birch grove
  3. Bürgershof
  4. Hardelbruch Forest House
  5. Forsthaus Jägersberg
  6. Forest secretary farm Hasselberg
  7. Hammerstein
  8. Heinrichsburg
  9. Karlsberg
  10. Louisenhöh
  11. Neumannshof
  12. Hammerstein shooting range
  13. Fulling Mill
  14. Brick factory

In 1925, Hammerstein had 4,122 residents, who were distributed over 1,111 households.

With the dissolution of the province of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia, Hammerstein was incorporated into the province of Pomerania in 1938 . In 1939 the National Socialists set up a large prisoner camp , later a prisoner of war camp ( Stalag II-B) was added.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army captured Hammerstein on February 26, 1945 . 40 percent of the city was destroyed during the fighting. In March 1945 the Red Army placed Hammerstein under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . She introduced the Polish place name Czarne for Hammerstein , then drove out the inhabitants and settled the place with Poles .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1772 0670
1780 0876 at 138 fire places, almost all Germans of Lutheran denomination
1816 1,188
1831 1,586 mostly German Evangelicals
1852 2.120
1871 2,612 including 2,100 Evangelicals and 260 Catholics
1875 2,790
1880 2,856
1900 3,025 mostly evangelicals
1925 4.122 including 3,594 Protestants, 411 Catholics and 61 Jews
1933 4,423
1934 4,420
1939 4,387
1983 5,892

Population development of Czarne

Bar chart of the population up to 2004

traffic

The city can only be reached via the 201 voivodeship road or by rail ( state railway line from Chojnice (Konitz) to Runowo Pomorskie (Ruhnow) ).

Twin cities

There is a town partnership with the Lower Saxony municipality of Langlingen .

sons and daughters of the town

local community

The urban-and-rural community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Czarne includes 21 localities, which are assigned to ten villages with a school administration office (sołectwo) .

literature

Web links

Commons : Czarne  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Hammerstein in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 .
  2. ^ A. Reusch: West Prussia under Polish scepter. Ceremonial speech given at the Elbinger Gymnasium on 13th Spt. 1872 . In: Altpreußieche Monatsschrift , NF, Volume 10, Königsberg 1873, pp. 140–154, especially p. 146 .
  3. ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 ff .
  4. ↑ a b Meyers Großes Konversationsa-Lexikon , 6th edition, 8th volume, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 704.
  5. ↑ a b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The town of Hammerstein in the former Schlochau district in Pomerania (2011).
  6. ↑ a b c Manfred Vollack, Heinrich Lemke: The Schlochau district - a book from Prussian-Pomeranian homeland . Kiel 1974, ISBN 3-9800051-1-9 , pp. 308-310.
  7. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Second part, which contains the topography of West Prussia . Kantersche Hofdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 73–74, no. 5.).
  8. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 380, no.12.
  9. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 220.
  10. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 55–56, item 11.
  11. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Pomerania - Schlochau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ Johannes Hinz : Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Würzburg 1996, p. 150.