District of Freystadt i. Lower Silesian.

The Freystadt district within the boundaries from 1820 to 1932

The district of Freystadt i. Lower Silesian. was a Prussian district in Silesia that existed from 1742 to 1945, with a brief interruption in the 1930s. Its former territory is now in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Glogau , Prussian districts were formed from the six existing old Silesian soft images Freystadt, Glogau, Grünberg, Guhrau, Schwiebus and Sprottau. Johann Friedrich von Haugwitz was appointed as the first district administrator in the Freystadt district. The district was subordinate to the War and Domain Chamber Glogau, from which in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 the administrative district Liegnitz of the province of Silesia emerged .

During the district reform of January 1, 1820 in the Liegnitz district, the Freystadt district received the town of Schlawa from the district of Glogau, as well as the villages of Elevator, Beitsch, Deutsch Tarnau, Goihle, Groß Würbitz, Hammer, Josephshof, Kattersee, Klein Würbitz, Köllmchen, Krolckwitz, Laubegast , Liebenzig, Malschwitz, Mäusewinkel, Neuckersdorf, Nieder Bäsau, Ober Bäsau, Pürschkau, Rädichen, Schlawa, Sperlingswinkel and Zöbelwitz. For its part, the Freystadt district gave the villages of Alt Gabel, Buckwitz, Kalten Briesnitz, Milckau, Neu Gabel and Suckau to the Sprottau district . Since the district had been administered from Neusalz for a long time , it was renamed the Neusalz district at the same time . On May 25, 1820, the Neusalz district was renamed Freystadt district ; at the same time the district office was moved to Freystadt .

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Freystadt district as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, the Freystadt district was dissolved. The cities of Beuthen a./Oder and Schlawa , the rural communities of Elevator, Beitsch, Bielawe, Bösau, Carolath, Deutsch Tarnau, Goile, Grochwitz, Groß Würbitz, Hammer, Hohenborau, Klein Würbitz, Krempine, Krolkwitz, Laubegast, Malschwitz, Nenkersdorf, Pfaffendorf , Pürschkau, Rialen, Reinberg, Rosenthal, Sperlingswinkel, Tarnau, Thiergarten and Zöbelwitz as well as the Carolather Heide forest estate came to the district of Glogau . All other communities came to the district of Grünberg . On October 1, 1933, a new Freystadt district was separated from the Grünberg district. It now included the part of the old Freystadt district, which had fallen to the Grünberg district in 1932, and the part of the Sagan district , which had fallen to the Grünberg district when it was dissolved in 1932. This area included the city of Naumburg a. Bober and the rural communities of Alt Kleppen, Groß Dobritsch, Groß Reichenau, Klein Dobritsch, Kosel, Kottwitz, Kunzendorf, Neu Kleppen, Neuwaldau, Paganz, Peterswaldau, Popowitz, Poydritz, Reichenbach, Schöneich, Theuern, Tschirkau and Zedelsdorf.

On April 1, 1938, the provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Freystadt i. Lower Silesian. according to the now imperial regulation the designation district . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the Red Army conquered the district and in March / April 1945 placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This drove the population out of the district and settled it with Poles .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	34,149
1819	34,319
1846	50,341
1871	50.907
1885	51,703
1900	54,320
1910	55,707
1925	59,335
1939	53,037

District administrators

• 1742–1763 00Johann Friedrich von Haugwitz
• 1765–1793 00Melchior von Dyhrn
• 1793–1813 00Carl Gottlob Moritz von Pfoertner
• 1814–1828 00by Deter (on account)
• 1828–1841 00from Dyherrn-Czettritz and Neuhauß (on Ober-Herzogswaldau, initially on an interim basis)
• 1841–1849 00from Unruh
• 1849–1850 00Saxon ( provisional )
• 1850–1851 00Timon von La Vière ( acting )
• 1851–1863 00Hans zur Megede
• 1863–1876 00Benno von Niebelschütz (1830–1892)
• 1876–1896 00Julius Theodor Eduard von Neumann
• 1896–1898 Franz von Eichmann (1864–1933)00
• 1898–1910 00Bruno Alsen
• 1910–1918 00by Kottwitz
• 1918–1920 Lebrecht zu Rantzau (1890–1920)00
• 1920 0000000Johannes Bartmann ( acting )
• 1920 Gerhard Müller ( acting )0000000
• 1921–1926 00Ilgner
• 1926–1928 Erich Neumann (1892–1951)00
• 1928–1932 00Albrecht von Treskow
• 1933–1945 00Erich Suesmann († 1945)

Local constitution

The Freystadt i. Lower Silesian. was divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . The communities were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district order for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony of March 19, 1881 has been in force since 1881.

Communities

The Freystadt district last comprised four cities and 74 rural communities:

Stop Mountain forest Bielitz Brunzelwaldau Buchwald Bullendorf Döringau Droseheydau Eichau Erkelsdorf Freystadt i. NS , city Fürstenau Great Reichenau Großboberan Grossenborau Gutental (Silesia) Chicken Hartmannsdorf Heinzendorf Herwigsdorf

Heydau Kattersee Kleinboberan Kleinwiesdorf Kleppen Költsch Kosel Kottwitz Kunzendorf Langhermsdorf Lessendorf Loving Liebschütz Lindau Lips Louisdorf Middle Herzogswaldau Modritz Naumburg a. Bober , town Nettschütz

Neudorf Neusalz (Oder) , city Neustädtel , city Neuwaldau Lower Herzogswaldau Nieder Siegersdorf Upper Herzogswaldau Ober Siegersdorf Peterswaldau Poppschütz Poydritz Test Rauden Rehlau Deer forest Reichenau Reichenbach Reinshain Rohrwiese Scheibau

Slept Schöneich Seiffersdorf Steinborn Streidelsdorf Teichhof Dear Dry weather Forest rest Wallwitz Weichau Windischborau Zäcklau Zedelsdorf Zissendorf Customs bridges Customs duty Cyrus

The uninhabited forest district of Tschiefer also belonged to the district.

Former parishes

• Old Bielawe, on September 30, 1928 in Bielawe
• Alt Kleppen, to Kleppen on April 1, 1939
• Kölmchen, on September 30, 1928 to Liebenzig
• Kuhnau, to Scheibau on April 1, 1938
• Kusser, on January 1st, 1929 in Neusalz
• Mittel Herwigsdorf, on January 6, 1908 in Herwigsdorf
• New Bielawe, on September 30, 1928 in Bielawe
• New Kleppen, on April 1, 1939 to Kleppen
• Nieder Herwigsdorf, on January 6, 1908 in Herwigsdorf
• Schlawa, rural community, on February 21, 1919 to the town of Schlawa

Place names

In 1936 several municipalities in the Freystadt district were renamed:

• Alt Tschau → Trockenau
• Groß Dobritsch → Großboberau
• Klein Dobritsch → Kleinboberau
• New bye → slept
• Niebusch → mountains forest
• Paganz → Kleinwiesdorf
• Popowitz → Gutental (Silesia)
• Tschiefer → tariff bridges
• Tschirkau → Rehwald
• Tschöplau → Waldruh

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 224–225, item 13.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 170–179 ( facsimile in the Google book search).

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Freystadt i. Lower Silesian.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Description of the Freystadt district from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
7. ^ Official Gazette of the Liegnitz Government 1819, No. 52 . Ordinance on the new district division of December 15, 1819. Liegnitz, p. 470 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 257 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 93 ( digitized version ).
11. ↑ Royal Prussian Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
12. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
13. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
14. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
15. ↑ ^{a b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. freystadt.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
16. ↑ since April 1828, Official Gazette of the Liegnitz Government 1828, p. 122.