Kashubia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kashubia (after Jan Mordawski)
Location of Kashubia in Poland
Kashubia as an area of ​​the Kashubian dialects (after Bernard Sychta)
Lakes Klodno (left), Biale and Rekowo (right)
Bilingual Polish / Kashubian place-name sign

The Kashubia (also Kaschubien , Kashubian Kaszëbë or Kaszëbskô , Polish Kaszuby ) is a strip of land in Pomerania in Poland , west and southwest of the cities Gdansk and Gdynia ( Gdynia ), in the Kashubian is spoken.

geography

Kashubia forms the easternmost part of the Pomeranian Lake District on the Baltic ridge . About 40 km southwest of Gdansk, it reaches its highest point at 331 m in Wieżyca (Tower Hill) . It is the center of Kashubian Switzerland , the most beautiful and famous part of the Kashubian Lake District . Kashubia is a high hill country on Ice Age ground and terminal moraines . There is no sharp boundary to the west, both geologically and ethnographically, in the north it borders on the Baltic Sea, in the east on the Danzig Lowlands, and in the south the sandy areas of the Bory Tucholskie (Tucheler Heide) form its end.

Most of the rivers that have their source in Kashubia belong to the Vistula river basin . The Brda (Brahe) with its tributaries flow to it , the Wda (black water) , which drains the large Wdzydze (wide lake ) , further the Wierzyca (heel) with the Wietcisa (Fietze) and finally the main river of the Kashubei, the Radunia (Radaune) ) , which feeds the water of numerous lakes first to the Motława (Motława) and then to the Vistula.

There are several hundred lakes in Kashubia, they are mostly narrow and elongated.

Kashubians

Kashubia was named after the ethnic group of Kashubian , who lives here. In his work Geografia współczesnych Kaszub [Geography of Today's Kashubia] (Gdańsk 1999), the Danzig scientist Jan Modrawski established ethnological criteria according to which areas of today's Poland can be considered Kashubia . The condition that at least one third of the population is Kashubian is met by 43 municipalities in the Pomeranian Voivodeship . The communities (Gmina) are located in the following powiats (districts; the German or Kashubian names in brackets):

Traditional Kashubian clothing
  • Powiat Pucki ( Powiat Putzig , Kashubian Pùcczi kréz ):
    • City of Hel ( Hela , Kashubian Hél )
    • Gmina Jastarnia ( Heisternest , Kashubian Jastarniô )
    • City and Gmina Puck ( Putzig , Kashubian Pùck )
    • Gmina Władysławowo ( Großendorf , Kashubian Wiôlgô Wies )
    • Gmina Kosakowo ( Kossakau , Kashubian Kòsôkòwò )
    • Gmina Krokowa ( Krockow , Kashubian Krokòwa )
  • Powiat Wejherowski ( Powiat Neustadt , Kashubian Wejrowsczi kréz ):
    • City of Reda ( Rheda , Kashubian Réda )
    • City of Rumia ( Rahmel , Kashubian Rëmiô )
    • City and Gmina Wejherowo ( New Town in West Prussia , Kashubian Wejrowò )
    • Part of Gmina Choczewo ( Chottschow , 1938–1945 Gotendorf , Kashubian Chòczewò )
    • Gmina Gniewino ( Gnewin , Kashubian Gniewino )
    • Gmina Linia ( Linden , Kashubian Lëniô )
    • Gmina Luzino ( Lusin , Kashubian Lëzëno )
    • Gmina Łęczyce ( Lanz, district of Lauenburg / Pomerania , Kashubian Łãczëce )
    • Gmina Szemud ( Schönwalde , Kashubian Szëmôłd )
  • Powiat Lęborski ( Powiat Lauenburg i. Pom. , Kashubian Lãbòrsczi kréz ):
    • Part of the Gmina Cewice ( Zewitz , Kashubian Céwice )
  • Powiat Bytowski ( Powiat Bütow , Kashubian Bëtowsczi kréz ):
    • City and Gmina Bytów ( Bütow , Kashubian Bëtowò )
    • Gmina Czarna Dąbrówka ( Black Damerkow , Kashubian Czôrnô Dãbrówka )
    • Gmina Lipnica ( Liepnitz , Kashubian Lëpnica )
    • Gmina Parchowo ( Parchau , Kashubian Parchòwò )
    • Gmina Tuchomie ( Groß Tuchen , Kashubian Tëchòmié )
  • Powiat Kartuski ( Powiat Karthaus , Kashubian Kartësczi kréz ):
    • City and Gmina Kartuzy ( Karthaus , Kashubian Kartuzë )
    • City and Gmina Żukowo ( Zuckau , Kashubian Żukòwò )
    • Gmina Chmielno ( Chmelno , Kashubian Chmielno )
    • Gmina Przodkowo ( Seefeld , Kashubian Przedkòwò )
    • Gmina Sulęczyno ( Sullenschin , Kashubian Sëlëczëno )
    • Gmina Sierakowice ( Sierakowitz , Kashubian Sërakòjce )
    • Gmina Somonino ( Semlin , Kashubian Somònino )
    • Gmina Stężyca ( Stendsitz , Kashubian Stãżëca )
  • Powiat Kościerski ( Powiat Berent , Kashubian Kòscérsczi kréz ):
    • City and Gmina Kościerzyna ( Berent , Kashubian Kòscérzëna )
    • Gmina Dziemiany ( Dzimianen , Kashubian Dzemiónë )
    • Part of Gmina Karsin ( Karschin , Kashubian Kôrsëno )
    • Gmina Lipusz ( Lippusch , Kashubian Lëpùsz )
    • Part of the Gmina Nowa Karczma ( Neukrug , Kashubian Nowô Karczma )
  • Powiat Chojnicki ( Powiat Konitz , Kashubian Chònicczi kréz ):
    • City and Gmina Brusy ( Bruß , Kashubian Brusë )
    • Northern part of Gmina Chojnice ( Konitz , Kashubian Chojnice )
    • Gmina Konarzyny ( Groß Konarczyn , Kashubian Kònarzënë )
  • Cities:
    • Gdańsk ( Danzig , Kashubian Gduńsk ) (with the exception of the eastern part)
    • Gdynia ( Gdynia , Kashubian Gdiniô )
    • Sopot ( Sopot , Kashubian Sopòt ), in which about 70,000 Kashubians live.

Within such limits, the area of ​​Kashubia is approximately 6,200 km².

The Kashubia found inclusion in world literature in Günter Grass ' work " The Tin Drum ". The writer Werner Bergengruen immortalized the Kashubian country in his poem Kashubian Christmas Carol .

literature

in order of appearance
  • W. Hanow: The Kassubites . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Another series, Volume 8, Königsberg 1855, pp. 161-165. Compare the comment by Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : On the cash box question . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Another episode. Volume 8, Koenigsberg 1855, pp. 337-338.
  • Friedrich Lorentz : History of the Kashubians. Berlin 1926.
  • J. Bòrzëszkòwsczi, J. Mòrdawsczi, J. Tréder: Historia, geògrafia, jãzëk i pismienizna Kaszëbów. Wëdowizna M. Rôżok przë wespółrobòce z Institutã Kaszëbsczim, Gdańsk / Gduńsk 1999.
  • M. Borzyszkowska-Szewczyk, C. Pletzing: Śladami żydowskimi po Kaszubach. Przewodnik / Jewish traces in Kashubia. A travel guide , Lübeck / Gdańsk / Munich / Warszawa 2010.
  • Aleksander Majkowski: Historia Kaszubów , Gdańsk 1991, ISBN 83-85011-37-4 .
  • Jan Mòrdawsczi: Geografia Kaszub / Geògrafia Kaszëb. dolmaczënk: Ida Czajinô, Róman Drzéżdżón, Marian Jelińsczi, Karól Rhode, Gdańsk Wydawn. Zrzeszenia Kaszubsko-Pomorskiego, Gduńsk 2008, ISBN 978-83-87258-13-9 .
  • R. Ostrowska, I. Trojanowska: Bedeker kaszubski. Gdańsk 1978.

Web links

Commons : Kashubia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Kashubia  - travel guide