Ustka
| Ustka | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Slupsk | ||
| Area : | 10.14 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 35 ' N , 16 ° 51' E | ||
| Height : | 3 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 15,460 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 76-270 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 203 : Ustka → Darłowo - Koszalin | ||
| Ext. 210 : Ustka → Słupsk - Unichowo | |||
| Rail route : | PKP line 405: Ustka → Słupsk – Piła | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 10.14 km² | ||
| Residents: | 15,460 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 1525 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2212011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Jacek Graczyk | ||
| Address: | ul.Dunina 24 76-270 Ustka |
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| Website : | www.ustka.pl | ||
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Ustka [ ˈustka ] ( German Stolpmünde ) is a port town and seat of a rural community in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship , Powiat Słupski . The city is a state-approved health resort.
geography
Ustka is located in Western Pomerania on the eastern bank of the mouth of the Słupia (Stolpe) in the Baltic Sea . On both sides of the city, which is the largest seaside resort between Darłowo (Rügenwalde) and Sopot (Sopot), there are wide sandy beaches that are characterized by their fine sand. The town of Słupsk (Stolp) is reached after 18 kilometers via the Provincial Road 210 and the railway line 405 . There run the main road 6 and the railway line from Gdansk to Szczecin .
City arms
The city coat of arms of Stolpmünde, today Ustka, was created in 1922 by Wilhelm Granzow ( Dünnow ). His family has lived in Pomerania for more than 500 years, and in the coat of arms (merchant ship and mermaid with salmon in hand) he symbolized the port city's main sources of income: sea trade, tourism and fishing. The coat of arms can be seen on many sides in the village, especially the monument to the 76 inhabitants of Stolpmünde who died in the First World War. The current city administration of Ustka recently 'modernized' the city coat of arms.
history
On September 2, 1337, the Counts Jesko von Schlawe and Jesko von Rügenwalde from the noble family of the Swenzonen issued a certificate with which they confirmed the sale of the Stolpmünder port and the village of Arnshagen to the magistrate of the city of Stolp . Stolpmünde was officially mentioned for the first time in this document. The first church building is dated to the year 1355, but Stolpmünde was assigned as a branch parish of Wintershagen. The port was of great economic importance for the city of Stolp, which became a member of the Hanseatic League in 1382 . The port experienced its first heyday at the beginning of the 15th century, when Stolp operated trade relations as far as England and the Netherlands. At that time, Stolpmünde had surpassed the neighboring Pomeranian ports of Rügenwalde and Kolberg in terms of handling figures. The soaring lasted only a hundred years, however, after which Danzig had dominance in the Baltic Sea trade . The port facilities could no longer be maintained due to lack of funds and the silting up of the Stolpe estuary brought shipping traffic to a standstill.
A visitation report of July 28, 1590 shows that Stolpmünde already had its own school at that time. After the port's decline had spanned two centuries, conditions did not improve until Brandenburg came to power in 1648. A notice from the Stolper government administration in 1667 prompted Elector Friedrich Wilhelm to introduce a special tax in Pomerania in favor of the port , and renovation work in the port began in 1670. The beginning of the upswing was soon stopped by the Swedish-Brandenburg War (1674–1679). The decline in shipping on the Baltic Sea caused by the war caused port revenues to drop dramatically, so that the port fell into disrepair again. In December 1690, a storm surge completely destroyed the port facility. Despite the restoration work, which began in 1695, the port, repeatedly threatened by silting up, was only a shadowy existence for a long time, only shipbuilding could continue unabated.
Around 1784 in Stolpmünde there were some merchants' warehouses, a school house in which the sexton, who was also organist, lived, some craftsmen as well as boatmen and seamen who caught salmon in addition to the sea, and a total of 37 households. On August 1, 1778, 18 houses were destroyed in a fire. This was rebuilt shortly afterwards.
On September 22nd, 1831, Stolp signed a contract with the Prussian state on the transfer of ownership of the port without compensation and thus initiated a decisive turning point. In 1863 the Prussian government provided 150,000 thalers for the port expansion and by 1865 more than 500 ships called at the port. In 1866 Stolp made an area of 34 hectares and 18,750 marks available for the port expansion. In the course of the expansion work, the port was deepened to eight meters. Around 1890, a dredger was purchased to prevent the river estuary from being silted up again and again and operated continuously. In 1878 the port was connected to the railway network. The now flourishing port operations helped the place to a certain degree of prosperity. So the residents were able to build a new church with 720 seats in the baroque style in 1885. In 1892 the 21.5 meter high lighthouse with the pilot house was built. In 1899, the Prussian government approved almost half a million marks for the further expansion of the port, which was mainly used to extend the pier. On September 24, 1903, the new port was ceremoniously opened with its two jetties built 500 meters out into the Baltic Sea, which protect the port from silting up and which are now a popular place to stay for tourists. In the same year, 46 fishermen from Stolpmünd founded the deep-sea fishing association, with which the conditions for the development of a fishing port were created. In 1925 the Stolpmünder fishing fleet had 102 ships, and in 1933 176 fishermen, eight smokers and 53 smokers worked in Stolpmünde.
In 1886 a stately summer residence was built for the founder of the empire, Otto von Bismarck , near the beach. Today (2008) the brick building houses a pension ('Red House').
With the beginning of the 20th century, the infrastructure of the place also improved. In 1904 a gas works and in 1911 an electricity works started operations. Between 1928 and 1930 a central water supply and sewer system were laid in Stolpmünde. In 1928 the number of bathers reached a temporary high with 3,003 visitors, the bathing business, the beginnings of which date back to 1820, had become an important economic factor of the place. In 1934, expansion measures were carried out again in the commercial port, which stretched out over two years. By means of these efforts it was possible to outstrip the ports in Rügenwalde and Kolberg again. In 1935 Stolpmünde received city rights.
Until the end of the Second World War, the central firing range for practice with live ammunition of the German anti-aircraft cartillery was located in the dunes of Stolpmünde. Plans from 1938 for the expansion into a major port fell victim to the war that began a year later.
On January 30, 1945, about 23 nautical miles off the Stolpmünder coast, the sinking of a single ship with the most losses in the history of seafaring occurred . The Soviet submarine S-13 sank the former passenger ship Wilhelm Gustloff with three torpedoes . Of the up to 10,000 people on board - the exact number is unknown, see also: Wilhelm Gustloff # Death Victims - only 1239 could be saved. A memorial today commemorates the greatest ship tragedy of mankind to date. On the night of February 9-10, 1945, the same submarine sank the Steuben off Stolpmünde. Between 1,100 and 4,200 people were killed.
The end of the war gave the place another tragic meaning. During the Battle of East Pomerania , the port became a transshipment point for thousands of refugees. By March 8, 1945, almost 33,000 people were brought west from Stolpmünde by ship. On the evening of that day, Red Army troops took the city.
On August 1, 1945, the place was placed under Polish administration. In December 1945 the German residents began to be driven westwards. The first shipment was made in a freight train on the night of 3 to 4 December 1945, a second with about 500 residents from Ustka and the surrounding area on June 8, 1946 and the last on August 18, 1946. Later, in the Federal Republic of Germany 2904 and 427 residents expelled from Stolpmünde in the GDR were identified.
The Polish administration changed the place name to Ustka . As a coal export port and shipyard location, the place quickly gained in importance and received city rights. A military training area was set up in its vicinity in the area of the former flak area, from which sounding rockets of the Meteor type were launched in the 1960s and 1970s .
Mermaid with salmon in hand and underneath "modernized" coat of arms
Around 1900
Red villa from 1890 in which Bismarck lived
Information board in front of the monument
Shield of the Dying Warrior by Josef Thorak
Dying Warrior , created in 1922
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Population development
Below is the city's population development.
church
Parish churches
In 1355 the first church St. Johannis and St. Nicolai was consecrated in Stolpmünde . In the harbor town, which grew in population in the 19th century, this church (250 seats) became too small. A new, larger (720 seats) church was built and solemnly consecrated on July 10, 1888.
The baroque altar structure from the previous church was preserved, the middle part of which was occupied by the pulpit. In the tower there was a larger than life wooden crucifix, roughly carved and covered with canvas - obviously a very old, but not datable work. A model of a ship that had been donated to the church by the skipper Mathias Brandt in 1682 was placed in a glass case . Another hung in the church. At that time the church received a new organ, which was considered to be one of the most beautiful that the organ builder Christian Friedrich Völkner had made from the neighboring village of Dünnow (now in Polish: Duninowo).
This previously evangelical church was expropriated in 1945 in favor of the Catholic Church in Poland . On July 15, 1945 it received its new consecration in the name of Kościół Najświętszego Zbawiciela ("Church of the Savior").
In 2004 another church building was erected in Przewłoka near Ustka with the consecration of Kościół NMP Gwiadzdy Morza (" Maria Sea Star ").
A chapel was also built, which was named Kościół św. Pio ("St. Pius") carries.
Church / parish
The Stolpmünder Church, consecrated in 1355, was assigned as a branch church of the Parish Wintershagen . This connection officially lasted until the beginning of the 20th century. As in the surrounding towns, the Reformation arrived in 1535. Stolpmünde was incorporated into the general superintendent of Stolp , which existed for 69 years until it became part of the general superintendent of Stettin in 1604 .
Apart from Stolpmünde, the parish of Grasbruch (Zapadle), Karshof (Dalimierz Przewłocki), Nesekow (Niestkowo), Silberberg and Strickershagen (Przewłoka) was parish into the parish of Wintershagen . Until 1945 it belonged to the Stolp -Stadt church district in the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
At the beginning of the 20th century, considering the dilapidation of the Wintershagen parsonage as well as the increasing seafaring duties in the growing port of Stolpmünde, the considerations of moving the parish seat to Stolpmünde matured. In 1908/09 the plan became a reality, and on October 1, 1909, the parish seat of the Wintershagen-Stolpmünde parish was relocated to Stolpmünde. In 1940 there were 5157 parishioners, 4277 of whom lived in Stolpmünde. At that time, 97.6% of the population was Protestant (2.1% Catholic, 0.1% Jewish and 0.2% non-denominational).
Since 1945 only a few Protestant church members have lived in Ustka. You are now assigned to the parish of the Kreuzkirche in Słupsk in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Since 1945 the majority of the population of Ustka belongs to the Catholic Church in Poland . Local pastors were appointed immediately after the war, but it was not until June 1, 1951 that Ustka established its own catholic parish. The growing number of residents was taken into account by building two additional churches in 1990 and 2004, both of which were raised to parish churches. Today Ustka is also the seat of the deanery named after him in the Köslin-Kolberg diocese of the Stettin-Cammin Archdiocese .
Pastor
Since Stolpmünde became the seat of the parish office in 1909, clergymen have officiated here:
- Protestant:
- Ernst Felix Gotthold Krüger, 1909–1921
- Hans Bockenhagen, 1921–1928
- Martin Simon, 1928–1945
- Catholic:
- Włodzimierz Neterowicz, 1945–1947
- Pachomiusz Krużel, 1947
- Adam Narloch, 1947–1951
- Adolf Waluk, 1951–1953
- Anatol Sałaga, 1953–1956
- Wiktor Markiewicz, 1957–1977
- Ryszard Teinert, 1977-1992
- Ryszard Borowicz, 1990-2003
- Pawol Jochaniak, 1992-1995
- Jan Turkiel, since 1995
- Mateusz Krzywicki, 2003-2005
- Jerzy Pietkoewicz, since 2004
- Tadeusz Nawrot, since 2005
Twin cities
- Kappeln (Germany)
Sons and daughters of the place
- Wolfgang Jenssen (* 1942), German politician (SPD), former member of the Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament
Rural municipality of Ustka
The rural community Ustka, to which the city itself does not belong, covers an area of 218.1 km² and has 8,335 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
The partner community is Anklam in Germany.
literature
- Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, pp. 942–969 ( description of the location Stolpmünde ; PDF )
- Hans Moderow , Ernst Müller: The evangelical clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present. Edited due to the Steinbrück'schen Ms. . Part 2: Ernst Müller: The administrative district of Köslin . Sannier, Stettin 1912.
Web links
- City website (Polish, English)
- Stolpmünde - Ustka, then and now (Polish)
- The place of residence of Stolpmünde in the former municipality of Stolpmünde in the Stolp district (Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association, 2011 )
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the city, Władze , accessed on March 8, 2015
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 927, No. 1.
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 929-930, No. 10.
- ^ Witthöft, Hans Jürgen: North German Lloyd . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 1973, ISBN 3-7822-0088-8 (p. 81 (1100)).
- ↑ Rothe, Claus: German ocean passenger ships . 1919 to 1985. 1st edition. transpress Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-341-00805-5 (p. 75 (3000)).
- ^ Witthöft, Hans Jürgen: The German merchant fleet 1939-1945 . Volume 2 merchant ships * blockade breakers * auxiliary warships. Muster-Schmidt Verlagsgesellschaft, Göttingen 1971 (p. 201 (4200)).
- ^ Karl-Heinz Pagel : The district of Stolp in Pomerania . Lübeck 1989, p. 967 ( Description of the location Stolpmünde ; PDF )
- ↑ For June 2007; Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM", as of June 30, 2007 ( Memento of February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ anklam.de accessed on February 14, 2017
